Moringa Oleifera Extract Research Articles

Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) leaf extract

The study aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. belonging to family Moringaceae. Moringa oleifera is an interesting plant for its use in bioactive compounds. Ethanol and Distilled water were used as a solvent to extract and to detect the phytochemical constituent’s and to screen its antibacterial activity from the leaves of Moringa oleifera. The phytochemical constituents were screened by qualitative analysis method. The phytochemical screening finds out the presence of terpenoids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, etc. in leaf extract of Moringa oleifera. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera was examined against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Antibacterial Activity were carried out with ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera using agar well diffusion method. The present study showed that ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera showed more potent antibacterial activity against S. Aureus and E. coli.

In Vivo Study of Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts as Potential Sources of Neuroprotection against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a leading neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1-3 percent of the elderly population. Oxidative stress is the primary factor for the neurodegeneration of Substantia Nigra (SN). The current study aims to assess the seed extracts of Moringa oleifera (MO) on rotenone-mediated motor function impairments in a PD mouse model. For this purpose, two different seed extracts of MO were prepared, including aqueous MO (AqMO) and ethanolic MO (EthMO). Male Swiss albino mice were grouped into five groups. Mice received 2.5 mg/kg rotenone for 21 consecutive days, and control mice received the vehicle. Extract-treated mice received 200 mg/kg AqMO and EthMO separately, orally and daily for 28 days. Sinemet-treated mice received 20 mg/kg, oral dose, as a positive group. The motor function performance was evaluated using standard neurobehavioral tests. The antioxidant potentials of MO seed extracts were estimated by lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities in mice brain homogenates. The PD mice brain SN sections were investigated for neurodegeneration. MO seed extract-treated mice showed a significant reduction in motor dysfunction compared to rotenone-treated mice as assessed through the open field, beam walk, pole climb-down, tail suspension, stride length and stepping tests. Increased antioxidant capacities of the PD mice brains of MO extract-administered groups were observed compared to the control. A histological study showed reduced signs of neurodegeneration, vacuolation around multipolar cells and cytoplasmic shrinkage in MO extract-treated mice SN brain sections. Collectively, MO seed extracts protected the animals from locomotor deficits induced by rotenone, possibly through antioxidant means, and seem to have potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases.

Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oleifera Ethanolic and aqueous Leaf Extracts against Some Clinical Isolates

In response to the escalating concerns surrounding antibiotic resistance and associated side effects, interest in plant extracts and bioactive compounds derived from medicinal herbs has been resurgent. This study investigates the Phytochemical Screening, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Analysis, and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts against clinical isolates. Utilizing aqueous and ethanolic extractions, the study determined the yield percentages as 16.25% and 7.14%, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins in both extracts, with the absence of phenol. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method, showing inhibitory effects against the tested isolates. The ethanolic extract exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with a maximum zone of inhibition (17mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 800mg/ml. The aqueous extract demonstrated a maximum zone of inhibition (12mm) against the same bacterium at the same concentration. Comparative analysis with standard antibiotics revealed competitive inhibitory effects, especially against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, GCMS analysis identified sixteen phytochemical compounds in the ethanolic extract and eleven in the aqueous extract. The findings underscore the significant antibacterial potential of Moringa oleifera extracts, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The GC-MS results provide crucial insights into the bioactive chemical profile, supporting the potential therapeutic applications of Moringa oleifera in combating various infections. This study contributes valuable knowledge to exploring alternative treatments amid growing antibiotic resistance concerns.

A highly antioxidant functional apple-based juice fortified with aqueous extract of freeze-dried Moringa oleifera leaves: study of physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties

Developing foods with boosted functionality to minimize the potential side effects of oxidative/nitrosative stress and support the immune system while responding to consumers’ needs and preferences is a challenging trend in the food industry. The use of Moringa oleifera leaves, characterized by their high nutritional value and multiple pharmacological properties, is emerging in food applications.

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activities, total phenolic and elemental contents of common herbs and spices (Moringa oleifera leaves, Allium sativum (Garlic) and Momordica charantia (ejinrin) leaves) in South-West Nigeria

Abstract Natural remedies are being widely utilized in some disease’s conditions including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. The therapeutic intervention of medicinal plants and spices cannot be overemphasized in the management and control of diseases but the exact modes of action of these herbs and plants have not been fully elucidated. This research work was designed to study the expression of selected elements, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd); the phytochemical and the in vitro antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves, Allium sativum (Garlic) and Momordica charantia (ejinrin) leaves for their potential involvement in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases and cancer through different chemical methods. In vitro antioxidant properties were assayed by investigating 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging potentials and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP); total phenolic content was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the elemental contents of these extracts was investigated through the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). All tests were run in triplicates and analysed. Our results revealed that the ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera leaves, A. sativum (Garlic) and M. charantia (ejinrin) leaves possess significant antioxidant activities and express important and beneficial elements (in marginal and trace amounts) and phytochemicals. These results suggest that the medicinal attributes of these plants may be linked to the radical scavenging abilities, beneficial elements and phytochemicals expression of their ethanolic extracts which may likely be a good direction in the area of drug discovery and development.

Enamel remineralisation prospect of Moringa Oleifera hydrogel, eggshell hydrogel versus sodium fluoride varnish on artificially demineralised primary teeth: in vitro study.

The purpose of the present in vitro study is to investigate and compare the remineralising potential of Moringa Oleifera extract, eggshell, and sodium fluoride varnish on microhardness of artificially demineralised enamel of primary teeth with biomimetic minimally invasive approach following the world paradigm shift towards natural products in paediatric dentistry. Sample size included 44 primary molars. The mineral content and surface microhardness of all specimens were initially assessed using energy dispersive x-ray examination (EDX) and Vickers microhardness. The specimens were artificially demineralised for 96 h at a temperature of 37°C and then reassessed directly after demineralisation. The demineralised enamel specimens were randomly divided into four groups according to the remineralisation regimen utilised. Group 1: Artificial saliva (control); Group 2: Sodium fluoride varnish; Group 3: Eggshell hydrogel; and Group 4: Moringa Oleifera hydrogel. The specimens were stored for 8 days and then subsequently evaluated using EDX and microhardness assessment by Vickers microhardness test and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Regarding the microhardness test, there was a significant difference between the Moringa Oleifera group and Eggshell group compared to fluoride varnish (p < 0.05). Regarding EDX analysis, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between Moringa Oleifera group and Eggshell group compared to fluoride varnish as the highest values were for Moringa Oleifera and Eggshell. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between Moringa Oleifera and Eggshell in both the measurements. Moringa Oleifera and Eggshell might be considered as a biomimetic natural material capable of guiding enamel tissue remineralisation in early carious lesion of primary teeth. This research demonstrated the capability for early enamel caries to be remineralised using novel materials with a naturally counterpart implicated in biomineralisation as proved to be more effective than traditionally used fluoride varnish in primary teeth.

Effects of dragon fruits and moringa oleifera extracts, mineral mix variations on soft milk candy

Calcium is the most micronutrient found in dragon fruit reaching 8.5 mg/100 grams. Other sources of calcium in humans’ diet as milk, and moringa oleifera leaf can be used alternated to accept a daily intake of 1000 mg per day to support the formation of bones and teeth. The purpose of the study was to determine of calcium content from dragon fruits and moringa oleifera extracts, mineral mix variation on milk soft candy. This study is early to make milk soft candy with a completely randomized design (CRD) as P1 (12:1:50:8); P2 (14:2:50:9) and P3 (16:3:50:10) of dragon fruit extract: moringa oleifera leaf extract: mineral mix, with two replication. All treatments are tested of calcium content using An atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and analyzed using a factorial design analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The result showed the difference in calcium levels between treatments was significant (p: 0,000). The highest calcium content obtained on P1 treatment (12:1:50,8 dragon fruit extract : moringa Oleifera leaf extract : mineral mix) was 1,593 mg/100g100g.

Moringa oleifera leaf extracts improve exercise performance in young male adults: A pilot study

BackgroundMoringa oleifera leaves are rich in bioactive substances. PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract supplements on energy metabolism and antioxidant function in young male adults. MethodsForty-four young male adults (26.3 ± 3.5 years) were randomly assigned to two groups: a supplement group (n = 23) receiving aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and a placebo group (n = 21). The supplementation period lasted for 30 days. Baseline measurements were taken at the beginning of the study, and further measurements were taken at the end of the supplementation period. Changes in upper- and lower-body strength, treadmill endurance, and certain blood biochemical parameters were evaluated. ResultsAfter 30 days of supplementation, participants in the supplement group exhibited enhanced performance in push-ups and treadmill exhaustion tests compared to the placebo group. Levels of glucose, urea, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum were also improved in the supplement group. ConclusionThe findings suggest that Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extracts have the potential to improve post-exercise energy metabolism and antioxidant function in young male adults.

Interaction between aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and rabeprazole in treatment of ethanol induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats

Background: The effect of concomitant use of herbs and conventional drugs is not widely known because it hasn’t been a common practice especially among the elite and those resident at the urban centers but very common among the rural duelers for co-administered herbs/supplements and conventional drugs. This study was carried out to investigate the interaction between moringa oleifera and rabeprazole in gastric acid secretion. Methods: Twenty (20) adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes weighing 300-450 g were randomly allocated into four (4) groups of five (5) animals per group. Group 1 served as the control and was given normal saline without administration of acid alcohol. Animals in group 2 were given acid alcohol (0.25 ml 0f 36% HCl + 75% ethanol 0.25 ml/100 g body weight). Animals in group 3 were given 50 mg/100 g bw of Moringa oleifera 1 hour before acid alcohol was administered. Group 4 were given: Rabeprazole 20 mg /kg body weight + acid Alcohol (36% HCL 0.25 mls+ 75% Ethanol (0.25 mls). A 30% isoflorane (inhalational anesthesia) by API Manufacturer with FDA, UK, marketed by Macfes medical store, high level Markurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. And 3.5% isoflurane (of the mixture of isoflurane 30%) at 100% oxygen was soaked in a cotton wool and dropped in clean and covered plastic container, and was used to anesthetized the rats, for the purpose of the aqueous extracts administration through a gastric fistula created by a surgical procedure. 10 minutes after aqueous extracts administration, aliquot samples were collected over 4 hours. Gastric acid secretion was measured by titrating the aliquots to a phenolphthalein endpoint. Results: showed that Moringa Olefera significantly delayed the time of onset of action of rabeprazole when co-administered. Moringa alone was a better inhibitor of gastric acid secretion than moringa co-administered with rabeprazole. Conclusion: Moringa delays the time of onset of action of Rabeprazole when co-administered.

Assessment of Antiangiogenic and Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Silver Nanoparticles Using Cell Lines

Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels are developed from pre-existing vessels. It includes steps like migration, differentiation, and growth of endothelial cells. Furthermore, it plays a critical role in cancer formation and metastasis. Recently, Moringa oleifera (MO) has gained interest due to its properties in various fields, particularly in nanoparticle (NP) technology. This study aims to demonstrate the cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effects of MO silver nanoparticles (MO-AgNPs). Briefly, the cytotoxic effects of MO-AgNPs on Ea. hy 926 and HT 29 cell lines were observed in the Colony Formation Assay. The antiproliferative effects of MO-AgNPs were then further confirmed using MTT assay, in addition to morphological characterization, migration and closure percent calculation. To evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of MO, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was done. Fertilized chicken eggs were divided into three groups: MO-AgNPs, MO ethanol extract and negative control. The results showed antiangiogenic effects were observed at 6-12 µg/mL concentration of MO-AgNPs. Whereas the plate efficiency was 45.7 % ± 1%. The surviving fraction at 12, 6, 3, and 1.5 μg/mL was 27.3± 0.5%, 30.1 ± 0.5 %, 41.8 ± 1.5%, and 69.8 ± 2.5 %, respectively. MO-AgNPs showed higher cytotoxic activity than MO ethanol extract on the Ea. hy926 cell line, where the IC50 of MO-AgNPs were 74, 35, and 12 µg/mL for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 of MO ethanol extract was above 200, 135 and 11 µg/mL for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Additionally, significant morphological changes were observed in Ea. hy cells. Whereas the closure percent average of Ea. hy cells at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 µg/mL were 91.603, 88.507, 84.599, and 63.144%, respectively. Based on the results showed in this study, MO extract shows potential to be an effective anti-angiogenic agent and is a promising therapeutic option in cancer treatment.

Anti-hyperglycemic effect of herbal formula of Moringa oleifera, Vernonia amygdalina and Centella asiatica extracts in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice

IntroductionMoringa oleifera, Vernonia amygdalina, and Centella asiatica are herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine and are commonly used in Southeast Asian countries to treat a variety of diseases. The experimental evidence showed that M. oleifera leaves, V. amygdalina leaves, and C. asiatica had the effect of supporting their treatment of diabetes. This study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic effect of a novel herbal formula from M. oleifera leaf, V. amygdalina leaf, and C. asiatica aerial part extracts. MethodsThe extract was examined for anti-hyperglycemic capacity in oral glucose tolerance test in normal mice. To confirm their role in a higher model, the extract was studied in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic model. Plasma glucose concentration, body weight, organ weight, malondialdehyde, glutathione in liver and kidneys, and pancreatic histology were also evaluated. Besides, in vitro properties of the extract were tested including α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory, and antioxidant activities. ResultsAfter 7-day of treatment, the extract showed strong anti-hyperglycemic activity in the STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice, plasma glucose levels were reduced by 48.75 % and 54.13 % in the group administered with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, compared with the hyperglycemic control. The extract had the effect to protect the liver and kidneys against oxidation stress by enhancing glutathione levels in the liver and decreasing malondialdehyde levels in the liver and kidneys. The pancreatic β-cell protection was also observed by improving the size and number of pancreatic islets by the extract compared to the hyperglycemic control. The extract showed a significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and antioxidant activity through DPPH and ABTS quenching and reducing power abilities. DiscussionThese results demonstrated remarkable potential of the combined extract of M. oleifera leaves, V. amygdalina leaves, and aerial part of C. asiatica in the management of diabetes.

Phytochemicals analysis and aflatoxin B1 detoxification potential of leaves extract of Moringa oleifera and Calotropis procera

The present study aimed to identify the presence of certain classes of phytochemicals in the leaf extract of medicinal herbs viz. Moringa oleifera and Calotropis procera, using qualitative detection tests and explored the potential of aqueous and ethanolic extract to inhibit aflatoxin production by thin layer chromatography at 25 °C and pH (7) of different incubation times i.e. 0-, 1-, 3-, 6- and 24-h. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reported that the aqueous leave extracts of M. oleifera and C. procera contained tannins, phlobatannins, quinones, steroids, sugar, betacyanins, fatty acids, phenols, and volatile oils. Aflatoxin analysis reported that the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera was found more effective than detoxifying 100% of AFB1 after 24 h of incubation. In the case of C. procera, the aqueous extract reduced 96.5% of AFB1 and ethanolic extract reduced 96% of AFB1 after 24-h of incubation. The results revealed that natural plant products have a high potential to reduce AFB1 and could contribute to mitigation plans for AFB1. There is a need for further characterisation using techniques such as GC-MS, LC-MS, or NMR which would provide valuable information on the chemical composition of the extracts.

Reversal of Valproate-Induced Major Salivary Gland Changes By Moringa Oleifera Extract in Rats.

This study aimed to explore the potential protective impacts of Moringa oleifera extract on major alteration in salivary glands of rats exposed to sodium valproate (VA). Groups were defined as control, control+moringa extract, sodium valproate, and sodium valproate+moringa extract. Antioxidant and oxidant status, activities of digestive and metabolic enzymes were examined. VA treatment led to various biochemical changes in the salivary glands, including decreased levels of antioxidants like glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (except for sublingual superoxide dismutase). Conversely, a decrease in alpha-amylase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, protease, and maltase activities were observed. The study also demonstrated that VA induces oxidative stress, increases lipid peroxidation, sialic acid, and nitric oxide levels in the salivary glands. Total oxidant capacity was raised in all glands except in the sublingual gland. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins were similar. Moringa oleifera extract exhibited protective properties, reversing these VA-induced biochemical changes due to its antioxidant and therapeutic attributes. This research suggests that moringa extract might serve as an alternative treatment approach for individuals using VA and experiencing salivary gland issues, although further research is necessary to confirm these findings in human subjects.

Protective effects of Moringa oleifera against acetic acid-induced colitis in rat: Inflammatory mediators’ inhibition and preservation the colon morphohistology

Moringa oleifera decoction is used in folk medicine to alleviate various gastrointestinal ailments and has been shown in several studies to exhibit diverse biological activities: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and myorelaxant on intestine strips. However, its protective effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines in colitis remains to be ascertained. We investigated Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract activities on a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis. Thirty-six rats were divided in random into six groups, and received either distilled water (10 mL/kg), the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or the reference drug Loperamide (5 mg/kg) for 20 days. Animal body weight and food intake were followed-up. Colitis was induced on day 15, and daily stool weight was followed up. Animals were sacrificed (day 21), serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines MPO, IL-6, and TNF-α were evaluated, and the colon and liver preserved for histological examinations. After one-week pre-treatment, a significant (P < 0.05) weight increase was observed. At day 20, the extract significantly (P < 0.01) prevented weight loss. Food intake decreased by 36.33% in the colitis control, and by 4.34% in the extract (100 mg/kg) treated animals (P < 0.01). Moringa oleifera (100 mg/kg, day 20) decreased stool weights to 4.75±0.3 g (P < 0.05). The extract decreased (P < 0.01) MPO level. At 100 mg/kg, it significantly (P < 0.05) reduced IL-6 –0.58 ± 0.14 against 0.85 ± 0.00 ng/L in the colitis control. At the same dose, TNF-α levels decreased to 417.96 ± 0.17 ng/L (P < 0.001). Moringa oleifera alleviated colitis symptoms by reducing stool emission, alleviating inflammation, and preserving colon and liver cytoarchitecture.

Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties and Compressive Strength of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle-Incorporated Glass Ionomer Cement.

Background Glass ionomer cement (GIC) plays a vital role in dental restorative procedures, serving purposes such as filling, luting, and adhesion. However, its inadequate mechanical properties pose challenges, especially in areas experiencing significant stress. To overcome this limitation, nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), known for its bioactive phosphate content, is added to the GIC at specific concentrations to improve its properties. Aim We aim to evaluate the antimicrobial property and compressive strength of green-mediated nHA-incorporated GIC. Material and methods Green synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was prepared using Moringa oleifera extract in a solvent form and eggshell waste served as the calcium source. These nHApowders were then integrated into the GICat varying concentrations (3%, 5%, and 10%) designated as Group I, Group II, and Group III, respectively, while Group IV (control) consisted of conventional GIC. Specimens were fabricated and subjected to chemical structure analysis through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity and compressive strength of all groups were investigated. The antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus was evaluated through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, while compressive strength was evaluated by measuring the maximum force endured by the specimen before fracturing. Data analysis utilized IBM SPSS Statistics software, employing repeated measures ANOVA to determine mean MIC values and compressive strength, with Tukey's posthoc test for pairwise comparisons. Results The results of the study showed that the antimicrobial efficacy of nHA GIC improved with increasing weight percent (% wt) of the additive, exhibiting significantly enhanced activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus compared to the control group (Group IV) with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Moreover, the compressive strength exhibited notable enhancements in the modified groups, including Group I (172.55 ± 0.76), Group II (178.16 ± 0.760), and Group III (182.45 ± 0.950), when compared to the control (162.46 ± 1.606), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion The study demonstrates that the incorporation of green-mediated nHA-containing GIC results in superior antimicrobial efficacy and compressive strength compared to the control group (Group IV). In particular, the highest concentration of nHA-modified GIC (10%) exhibited the most favorable antimicrobial properties along with increased strength. Therefore, utilizing green-mediated nHA in the GIC shows promise as an effective restorative material. Future investigations should delve into the molecular chemistry and bonding mechanisms to further explore its potential.

Investigation of Antifungal Activity of Moringa Oleifera and Hyphaene Thebaica Extracts

Background: Plants may provide a promising source of bioactive compounds that could be used to control infectious diseases. Objective: This study was undertaken to explore antifungal activities of two plant extracts. Methods: Antifungal activity was determined by the aid of disc diffusion method against three references fungal strains, using different dilution (5, 25, 50, 100, 250 μg/ml). Results: Inhibition zone of the extracts was compared with different standards (Nystatin and Griseofulvin). Our study illustrated the occurrences of antimicrobial efficacy. Conclusion: The results of the present study have shown that Moringa oleifera and Hyphaene thebaica possess a promising antifungal activity. Hence further surveys prerequisite to isolate the effective constituents responsible for this activity

Biogenic silver nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera leaf extract: Characterization and photocatalytic application

Abstract The current study proposed a novel simple and environmentally friendly approach for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) and optimizing the different experimental factors required for the formation and stability of AgNPs. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by a color change from yellow to reddish-brown with a surface plasmon resonance band at 412 nm. The morphology, size, and elemental composition of AgNPs were investigated by zeta potential dynamic light scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy analysis, which showed crystalline and spherical AgNPs. The identification of functional groups was supported by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of AgNPs were assessed in the degradation of organic Malachite green (MG) dye in the aqueous solution. Two kinetic adsorption models, the pseudo-first-order model and the pseudo-second-order model, and three isotherm models, the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin, were used to mathematically characterize the MG degradation process. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. As a result of their synergistic interaction with the MOL extract solution, the photocatalytic activity of AgNPs increases and they can successfully adapt to the photodegradation of organic dyes in industrial effluents.

An Evaluation of Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera on High Fat Induced Hyperlipidemic Rat Model

Background: The art or practice of herbal remedies refers to the use of herbs and herbal treatments for the purpose of maintaining health and preventing, treating, or curing sickness. In some areas, herbal treatments can also be referred to as herbal medicine.&#x0D; Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic potentiality of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera extract in high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. Male rats were made hyperlipidemic by giving high fat diet. M. oleifera was administered in a dose of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg.b.w./day for 30 days in high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The SGPT, SGOT, total cholesterol,triglyceride, LDL,HDL , Urea and creatinine levels were measured after the treatment.&#x0D; Results: For both the SGPT and the SGOT, it was seen that groups 5 and 6 exhibited statistically significant (p&lt; 0.05) outcomes in the case of the SGPT. When conducting the renal function test, it was observed that the levels of creatinine and urea were statistically significant (p&lt; 0.05) in the cases of groups 4, 5, and 6. In the case of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), groups 4, 5, and 6 showed statistically significant findings (p&lt; 0.05) in HDL levels, while groups 5 and 6 showed statistically significant LDL levels. The triglyceride levels in the group were found to be statistically significant (p&lt; 0.05), while the findings obtained from groups 5 and 6 were also found to be statistically significant.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study revealed that M. oleifera has anti hyperlipidemic activity.

The antibacterial efficiency of Chitosan photodynamically activated Phycocyanin, and Morinda Oleifera against S.mutans and the bonding strength between composite resin and caries-affected dentin.

Evaluation of contemporary disinfection techniques, Moringa Oleifera (M.Oleifera), Phycocyanin activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT), and Chitosan, on S.mutans survival rate and bond integrity of composite to carious-affected dentin (CAD). The in vitro study was conducted at King Saud University and concluded within three months. Sixty mandibular teeth with cavities extending to the middle third of the dentin were sterilized. S.mutans was inoculated onto the CAD surface of twenty samples. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (n: 15) based on various disinfection regimes. Group-1 received 2% CHX, Group-2 Phycocyanin activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT), Group-3 Chitosan, and Group-4 M.oleifera. S.mutans survival rate was calculated. Ten CAD samples from each group were restored using composite. The bond integrity of samples was assessed using a Universal testing machine (UTM) and failure mode using a stereomicroscope. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Post Hoc test were used to calculate statistical significance (p=0.05). Group-2 samples subjected to Phycocyanin activated using PDT, displayed minimal survival rate (0.24 ± 0.05 CFU/ml) of S.mutans.Group-1 samples treated with CHX exhibited the highest count of S.mutans (0.69 ± 0.12 CFU/ml). The most robust bond was observed in Group-3 (Chitosan) samples (19.33 ± 0.47 MPa). In contrast, SBS values were lowest in Group-1 (CHX) treated study samples (13.17 ± 1.88 MPa). Chitosan, Phycocyanin activated by PDT, and Moringa Oleifera extract exhibit potential as viable substitutes for chlorhexidine (CHX) in clinical settings, presenting the possibility of better eradication of S.mutans and greater adhesive strength to CAD.

Assessment of Anticancer Activity of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of Moringa Oleifera Pod and Leaves on 7,12 - Dimethylbenz Anthracene Induced Skin Cancer in Mice.

Background and Objective: Carcinoma of the skin is the commonest cancer in the world. This study aims to assess the anti-cancer effect of the ethanolic pod and leaf extracts of Moringa Oleifera on 7,12 - dimethylbenz anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinoma in mice. Methodology: Animals were divided into 6 groups of 5 each. 7,12 - dimethylbenz anthracene (DMBA) was used topically for four weeks to induce tumour. Group 1 received placebo, Group 2 - standard drug 5- Fluorouracil, Groups 3, 4 received pod extract and Groups 5,6 received leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera of concentration 500 and 1000mg/kg respectively for 3 weeks. Hematological and biochemical parameters such as Hemoglobin, RBC, WBC and platelet counts, SGOT and SGPT, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were done before cancer induction and at the end of 7 weeks. Histopathological examination of the skin, liver and kidney were done at the end of 7 weeks. Results: There was reduction in tumor size in the Moringa Oleifera pod and leaf extract treated groups. Histopathology revealed infiltration of the cells with scarring of epidermis in the extract treated groups indicating the healing of tissues more pronounced at higher concentration. Control group showed atypical squamous cells whereas the standard drug treated group showed infiltration and scarring. Conclusion: This study exhibits a dose dependent anticancer effect of Moringa oleifera pod and leaf extracts in mice which was comparable with the standard drug 5-Fluorouracil.