External Social Responsibility Research Articles

Principles of socially responsible marketing

The concept of socially responsible marketing is considered in the context of modern trends in the economic policy of the Republic of Belarus and the state of business ecosystems. On the basis of complex analysis of scientific points of view and adaptation to modern conditions of management the author’s definition of socially responsible marketing is offered, its differentiation from the concepts of socially ethical marketing and relationship marketing is carried out. A system of principles of socially responsible marketing has been developed as the fundamental principles of strategic management of a Belarusian enterprise, which should be understood as internal social responsibility; external social responsibility; environmental responsibility; compliance with legal and ethical standards; receiving a profit.

СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ БІЗНЕСУ: ОСНОВНІ СКЛАДОВІ ТА ПРІОРИТЕТНІ НАПРЯМИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article examines the components and directions of the implementation of social responsibility of business, which are implemented under the influence of current events in Ukraine. Approaches to the definition of the concept of "social responsibility of business" according to scientists M. Friedman, G. Bowen, A. Carroll, from the position of the World Council of Entrepreneurs for Sustainable Development and the World Bank Institute are given. The relationship between social responsibility of business and sustainable development is indicated. Differences in the characteristics of social responsibility of business and philanthropy according to the criteria of involvement, purpose, participation in decision-making, strategicness and dependence on external circumstances are determined. It was established that the concept of social responsibility of business has a wider meaning than charity. Such key principles of social responsibility of business as openness, systematicity, reliability, regularity are indicated. The main components of internal and external social responsibility of business are revealed. The reasons that restrained the development of social responsibility of business in Ukraine are highlighted. The actions of the state regarding the activation of social responsibility in Ukraine are indicated. Measures have been taken by leading business structures regarding social responsibility at the beginning of hostilities in Ukraine in such areas as humanitarian aid to the population, support of medical facilities, evacuation and accommodation of the population from the areas of hostilities, organization of shelters for the population. The five-component model of social responsibility of business in war conditions is given and characterized according to the following components: business continuity, people's safety, army assistance, partnership, local communities. Referred to the results of the study of the sustainability of Ukrainian business during the war. Attention was focused on the following key directions of the SVB: systematization and coordination of corporate volunteering within the organization, the application of the practice of well-being (corporate well-being) and war/work balance (balancing work during the war) and Ukraine first, National Identity, Ukraine Culture Code.

The effect of megaproject external social responsibility on community acceptance: the mediating role of public trust

PurposeBy extending corporate social responsibility research to a megaproject context, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of megaproject external social responsibility (SR) on community acceptance through the mediating role of public trust.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from legitimacy theory as well as corporate social responsibility literature, this study developed hypotheses linking the constructs of SR, (public) trust and community acceptance of a megaproject. Thereby, a household survey questionnaire was administered to collect data from randomly selected 328 households in the local community who reside near the construction site of a mega hydropower project in Ethiopia. Guided by structural equation modelling, Smart Partial Least Squares4 (SmartPLS4) was utilized to analyze the data.FindingsThe empirical findings show that community-targeted SR has a significant positive effect on community acceptance of a megaproject, whereas the direct effect of natural environment-targeted SR on community acceptance was found to be non-significant. More importantly, the study reveals that trust in the contractor of the megaproject mediates the relationships between a megaproject SR (fully in the case of the natural environment and partially for community-targeted responsibility) and community acceptance.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to legitimacy theory by illustrating the consequences of megaproject external SR in terms of trust and community acceptance, an issue which has not received adequate attention in the project management literature.

Healthy Work Environment Ecosystems for Teleworking and Hybrid Working

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought global physical, psychological, social and occupational health challenges. Telework and hybrid work have been a necessary response that has sustained and transformed companies and work at a global level.The main objective of this paper is to understand and characterize how ecosystems of healthy work environments in the context of telework and hybrid work. The Healthy Workplace Model proposed by the World Health Organization (Burton, 2010) was adopted. Thus, we analyzed the relationship between core principles related to physical work environment, psychosocial work environment, organizational culture, enterprise internal and external social responsibility and resources for occupational health in teleworking and hybrid working contexts. The study involved a total of 1829 participants, 1246 (68.1%) female and 571 (31.2%) male. The age of the professionals varies between 18 and 72 years, with a mean of 43 years and standard deviation of 10.45. The Healthy Workplaces Ecosystems Tool (EATS) was used (Gaspar et al., 2022). 57% of participants were in telework, 16% in hybrid work and 27% in face-to-face work. The comparative results showed statistically significant differences in relation to all dimensions of healthy work environments between the three types of work. The professionals in hybrid work situations have a more positive perception of the organisational culture, psychosocial work environment, physical work environment, resources for health and social responsibility, and better mental health indicators. The professionals in hybrid situations are followed by the professionals in telecommuting and, finally, the professionals in face-to-face situations. Three linear regression models were performed to understand the factors that best explain the psychosocial risks related to mental health (PRMH) in the three types of work. The results reveal that for workers who are in face-to-face exclusive work what best explains PRMH (R2 =.41) is marital status, psychosocial environment, leadership commitment, professional engagement, physical environment and stress management skills. For professionals in hybrid work what best explains the PRMH (R2 =.36) is age, marital status, psychosocial environment, professional engagement and stress management skills. For teleworking professionals that best explains the PRMH (R2 =.39) is psychosocial environment, leadership commitment, professional engagement, community engagement/social responsibility, physical environment and stress management competencies. The results show that workers in hybrid situation reveal a more positive perception of the ecosystems of healthy work environment. The professionals who have exclusive face-to-face job are those who report a more negative perception of the work environment. For all workers, PRMH are explained by the psychosocial environment, the professional’s involvement and stress management skills. Specificities are identified for each type of work that should be taken into account in the promotion of healthy work environment ecosystems adapted to the new types and diversity of work models in order to promote mental health and prevent psychosocial risks at work.

ІНДИКАТОРИ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ІНТЕГРОВАНОЇ ЗВІТНОСТІ АГРОБІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The concept of integrated reporting is the creation of reports that combine financial and non-financial information to provide a comprehensive view of a company's activities. It aims to show how an organization creates value in the short, medium and long term, taking into account the impact on different stakeholder groups and environmental, social and economic factors. The article is devoted to substantiation of the system of social responsibility indicators in the context of integrated reporting of Ukrainian agribusiness in the context of war. Theoretical origins and leading global concepts of integrated reporting are analysed. A critical review of scientific views on the concept of corporate social responsibility of business is carried out. The key indicators of corporate social responsibility to be disclosed in the integrated reporting of agribusiness are analysed and their list is expanded. It is proved that the division of indicators into internal and external components is necessary to ensure a comprehensive and structured approach to assessing the company's impact. It is substantiated that internal indicators help a company to assess and improve its internal practices, which in turn can lead to increased productivity, reduced staff turnover and a positive working environment, while external indicators contribute to the formation of sustainable partnerships, increase the company's trust and reputation, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and public expectations. The article establishes the two-vector external social responsibility of Ukrainian agribusiness in the context of war, focused on the "pre-war" and "post-war" focuses. The cases of active socially responsible work of individual agricultural holdings in the context of supporting the army, charity and social protection of war-affected population are analysed. It is determined that comprehensive disclosure of the policies of cooperation of agrarian business with local communities and initiatives related to the realities of war in integrated reporting is a crucial factor in increasing transparency and trust between the enterprise, local population and society as a whole.

Examining the Effect of CSR on Financial Performance in China: Agency Cost as Mediator

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examinethe relationship between CSR and corporate financial performance, mainly discussing the relationship between CSR and ROA, also use the agency cost as the mediating variable, using a sample of listed companies in China to conduct the study and provide relevant suggestions for the subsequent development of the company Theoretical framework: As for external social responsibility, the government, the media, the public and corporate governance should strengthen the reporting and monitoring of external social responsibility and establish a multi-governance monitoring system. Design/methodology/approach: Theresearcher used quantitative analysis to explore the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, to reflect how the independent variable affect the dependent variable, and in turn, how to improve the financial performance of firms in China. Findings: The results showed that ccompanies should be restrained from fulfilling external social responsibility as a way of giving back to society without compensation, and should not aim to win the market through speculation or malicious collusion, otherwise it will hinder their long-term development and become a double-edged sword Research, Practical & Social implications: The study is based on heterogeneity and finds that internal social responsibility is conducive to enhancing employee motivation, maintaining the interests of shareholders and internal stakeholders such as suppliers and customers, thus providing a favourable internal environment for green technology innovation. In contrast, an excessive level of external social responsibility fulfilment can lead to companies making the maintenance of external social relations a corporate priority and viewing external social responsibility fulfilment as a tool for speculation to gain access to the market, so that in this way companies may neglect their development. Originality/value: The value of the study highlighted the economic agents, enterprises should actively fulfil their internal social responsibility and strengthen the maintenance of relationships with internal stakeholders such as employees, shareholders, suppliers and customers.

INSURANCE COMPANIES’ SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Starting from the 80s of the 20th century, measures of social responsibility are increasingly woven into the activities of enterprises, first as the integration of employees into the development of the company's development strategy, and then as a means of increasingly meeting the needs of society. Today, there is no doubt about the expediency and importance of involving business structures (including insurance companies) in social and environmental projects, promotion and observance of human values, implementation of inclusion, responsible consumption. In general, everyone will benefit from the implementation of social responsibility measures: the insurer's clients, employees, the region, the state, and the insurer itself. This study is devoted to the examination of the insurers’ participation in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through the prism of social responsibility.
 Based on the essence of insurance, its social nature, the article describes in detail the role of insurers in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in the main directions. Measures of internal and external social responsibility of insurance companies are described. The positive consequences of the corporate social responsibility introduction measures by insurers have been identified. The main financial and non-financial indicators for assessing the socially responsible strategy of the insurer are given. On the basis of the conducted research, it was established that a socially responsible insurance company is a company that is aware of its impact on the internal and external environment of operation and conducts its activities responsibly, interacting with consumers, employees, partners, society in general to solve acute problems of humanity. It is noted that the priority of insurers' activities in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals forms an appropriate model of business social policy, which depends on the level of development and existing problems of the economy in the country, the nature of state policy, the level of the population's quality of life and its readiness for further changes.

ПРОЄКТНИЙ ПІДХІД В СИСТЕМІ УПРАВЛІННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЮ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЮ

The article is devoted to highlighting the issues of the social responsibility enterprise’s management, which based on project approach in the modern business environment conditions. The semantics concept of “social responsibility” was described, including the author’s definition. The levels of social responsibility (basic, corporate, higher) were given, and their essence are revealed. Considered degrees (social responsibility as an internal human need, social responsibility for the sake of moral, economic benefits, social responsibility for the sake of avoiding sanctions) and components (obligatory, rational and moral) of the social responsibility. Differences between the system of social responsibility and one-time manifestations of charity and volunteerism were determined (involvement, targeting, systematicity, focus on the development of human capital, collegiality in decision-making, integration of the responsibility’s principles into the daily organization activities, independence from external circumstances, but only adjusting the focus and content of initiatives in the field of social responsibility, strategicness, the win-win principle). Essential approaches to defining the concept of «project approach» were considered. Its features and essential components were described through the prism of goal setting, requirements, communication system, limitations, methods of making and adopting management decisions, life cycle, motivational aspect and benefits. Attention was paid to the peculiarities of social responsibility management, with using project management and an attempt is made to prove the feasibility of applying the project approach in conditions of uncertainty and limited resource provision. In particular, a model of the project approach to the social responsibility enterprise’s management has been formed. It focuses on internal and external social responsibility, which should be implemented through the system of projects and, accordingly, special methods, approaches, and tools of project management. At the same time, it is important to ensure strategic and target planning, setting priorities, choosing alternatives, programming, coordination, support, regulation of implementation, motivation, monitoring, control.

Research on the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and R&D Investment and Enterprise Financial Performance

Chinese listed enterprises from 2015-2019 were selected as samples to study the relationship between enterprise social responsibility, RD external social responsibility and RD overall, social responsibility performance and R&D investment enhance the positive effect of long-term financial performance. These research conclusions help us to understand the importance of corporate social responsibility and R&D investment to the sustainable development of the enterprise, and have certain enlightenment significance to improve the awareness of innovation and the fulfillment of social responsibility.

DIRECTIONS OF SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

The article is devoted to topical issues of determining the directions of social partnership. The peculiarities of foreign and Ukrainian experience of social responsibility of business on the example of such a form of external social responsibility as sponsorship and charity are revealed. The internal and external components of social partnership are analyzed, which are divided into groups from the point of view of the practical component. The role of business in society, which raises arguments for and against social responsibility, is systematized. The world experience and models of social responsibility of social partnership, which corresponds to the Ukrainian realities, are studied, with the help of which the formation of social responsibility in Ukraine and the factors influencing the structure of the economy are outlined. Consider examples of policy development strategies and tools for state regulation of corporate social responsibility in countries.

Внешняя социальная ответственность: ключевые тренды, инструменты управления и партнерства

The subject of this research is the current characteristics and development trends in the field of external social responsibility. Particular attention is paid to the development of external social responsibility of scientific institutions. Publication is devoted to the trends and partnerships in the system of external social responsibility of modern organizations of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study was a comprehensive analysis of aspects related to current trends in the field of external social responsibility and partnership. Results of the work: the concept of external social responsibility is presented, the categories of internal and external social responsibility are delimited. A list of partners in the field of external social responsibility is provided, the principles of participation and interaction in the subject area are characterized, key trends in the development of external social responsibility in the era of the knowledge economy and digitalization are presented. It is concluded that in the knowledge economy, the task of developing social responsibility within the framework of partnership between the state, business and scientific institutions along the triple spiral of interaction in the national innovation system is actualized. In this regard, the formation and development of professional systemic management of external social responsibility of organizations involved in the research and development is seen as extremely important. Practical recommendations on the development and professionalization of the management of external social responsibility of scientific institutions are presented.

Chaos as opportunity

Chaos as opportunity

Responsible Job Design Based on the Internal Social Responsibility of Local Governments.

Sustainability needs the socially responsible orientation of public institutions, but not only externally. How civil servants and municipal employees consider what local governments do in relation to their internal social responsibility is the main question of this study. Through structural equation modelling and a sample of 294 employees in local governments in a Spanish region (Extremadura), it is demonstrated that responsible job position design, as well as good communication and team building, both have positive and significant effects on the personal identification of employees with the city council. That has been interpreted as the essence of internal social responsibility and the first step for building external social responsibility at the municipal level. Practical implications and future directions are discussed.

Young Saudi consumers and corporate social responsibility: an Islamic “CSR tree” model

PurposeIn response to the scarcity of research on Islamic corporate social responsibility (CSR), the purpose of this paper is to explore how young Saudi consumers perceive CSR from an Islamic perspective. The study is focused on Saudi Arabia, a Muslim country, and the largest exporter of petroleum in the world.Design/methodology/approachThe present study uses a qualitative methodology with 34 in-depth interviews undertaken in two major Saudi cities (Tabouk and Riyadh).FindingsUtilising social contract theory, this study contributes to the literature by developing an Islamic “CSR Tree” model (which consists of three parts: “roots”, “trunk”, and “crown”) to increase the understanding of Islamic CSR (i-CSR) and consumer behaviour. The roots are hidden, while the trunk and crown are visible. In particular, private social responsibility (the roots of the CSR Tree) incorporatingSadaqa, or values and intention, is the fundamental component on which organisations should base their CSR strategy from an Islamic perspective. The study also reveals that internal, external, and private social responsibilities are connected, and all are dependent on each other. The higher the level of private social responsibility exhibited, the higher the level of external social responsibility.Originality/valueAccording to the CSR Tree model presented in this study, an organisation should avoidRiya(showing off) as this would represent shirk or idolatry, which is the opposite ofTawhid. The findings are particularly relevant for advancing the concept of i-CSR and for considering complex perspectives less travelled in the CSR literature. The study suggests that the best strategy for an organisation wishing to pursue an i-CSR agenda would be to balance internal and external responsibilities, and to bear in mind that private responsibility should be the motivation for action, and that CSR should be applied for the benefit of society.

Internationalization strategy, social responsibility pressure and enterprise value

Recent years has seen Chinese enterprises competing to broaden the scope of business through the internationalization strategy. The proliferation of the strategy is attributable to the favorable environment created by the Chinese government with the increasingly stringent requirements on corporate social responsibility. The external pressure of social responsibility has also stimulated the fulfillment of social responsibility within the enterprises. Against this backdrop, this paper constructs a mathematical model with the constraint of external social responsibility pressure and applies the model to examine the effect of the internationalization strategy of Chinese enterprises on enterprise value. The research finds that: First, the internationalization strategy enhances the enterprise value; the stakeholders will jointly promote the strategy once they are aware of its significance. Second, with the increase in the external pressure of social responsibility, the enterprises will promote enterprise value through the implementation of social responsibility. Third, the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility contributes to the proliferation of internationalization strategy and further enhances the long-term enterprise value. These modeling conclusions are validated through an empirical test. This research enriches the exploration into the internationalization strategy of enterprises in emerging markets and pioneers the study on the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility from the external angle.

Present Situation of Commitment to Internal and External Social Responsibility of Companies and its Impact on Organizational Performance: A Field Study in the Telecommunication Companies – Yemen

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة واقع الالتزام بالمسؤولية الاجتماعية الداخلية والخارجية للشركات وأثره في الأداء المنظمي لشركات الاتصالات بالجمهورية اليمنية، باستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي, والاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات وقد استخدم أسلوب الحصر الشامل لجميع العاملين في مستوى الإدارة العليا، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود أثر ذي دلالة معنوية للالتزام بالمسؤولية الاجتماعية الداخلية والخارجية بأبعادها في الأداء المنظمي، لشركات الاتصالات بالجمهورية اليمنية، عند مستوى دلالة أقل من (0.05), حيث كان مصدر التأثير الإيجابي للمسؤولية الاجتماعية الداخلية وبشكل رئيسي في البعد الأخلاقي، ثم الاقتصادي، ثم القانوني، ثم الإنساني يليه المسؤولية الاجتماعية الخارجية, وبشكل رئيسي في البعد الأخلاقي, ثم القانوني, ثم الإنساني, وأخيرا الاقتصادي، وقد تبين أن أعلى مستوى التزام كان بالمسؤولية الاجتماعية الخارجية لشركات الاتصالات, وبشكل رئيسي في البعد القانوني, ثم الأخلاقي, ثم الاقتصادي, وأخيرا الإنساني بدرجة متوسطة، يليه المسؤولية الاجتماعية الداخلية, وبشكل رئيسي في البعد القانوني, ثم الاقتصادي، ثم الأخلاقي, وأخيرا الإنساني, وبدرجة متوسطة، وقد كان مستوى تحقق الأداء المنظمي في شركات الاتصالات بالجمهورية اليمنية متوسطا. الكلمات المفتاحية: المسؤولية الاجتماعية، الأداء المنظمي، شركات الاتصالات بالجمهورية اليمنية.

Present Situation of Commitment to Internal and External Social Responsibility of Companies and its Impact on Organizational Performance: A Field Study in the Telecommunication Companies – Yemen

The study aimed to explore the present situation of the commitment to internal and external social responsibility of companies and its impact on organizational performance at the telecommunication companies in the Republic of Yemen. To achieve the objective of the study, the research used a descriptive and analytical method, using a questionnaire for data collection. The results revealed that there was a significant effect of internal social responsibility on the organizational performance of telecommunication companies in the Republic of Yemen at the level of less than (0.05). The source of the positive impact of internal social responsibility was mainly on the ethical, economic, legal and human dimensions. As for the external social responsibility, the impact was mainly on the ethical, legal, human, and economic dimensions.It was found that the highest level of commitment of external social responsibility was mainly in the legal, moral and economic dimensions, respectively, whereas the human dimension received a medium score. As for the internal social responsibility, the commitment was mainly in the legal, economic and moral dimensions, respectively, whereas the human dimension received a medium score. Aslo, the level of organizational performance in telecommunication companies in the Republic of Yemen was medium.
 Keywords: Social responsibility, Organizational performance, Telecommunication companies in Yemen.

Research of the directions of implementation of external social responsibility of the pharmaceutical companies

We are covered the forms and the directions of realization of social responsibility of the pharmaceutical companies in the conditions of introduction of systems of quality management in article. The components and objects are defined of social responsibility of pharmaceutical business in article. The author has carried out the analysis of external social responsibility of pharmaceutical business in Ukraine.

Responsible Efficiency – The Strengths of Three ‘Legs’

In recent time responsibility in the codex of companies definitely have two stressed meanings. Corporate Social responsibility and environmental consciousness are confirming the advantageous judgment of businesses which have to ensure the internal and external social responsibility and as an eternal purpose of profit-orientated companies these aims have to support and to help increasing the economic efficiency of their production system. The external environment (political, social, environmental, economic and technological) is also influencing the activity of enterprises and determines an area where companies have to suit all requirements. In this study the authors mean to examine the connection points of the above-mentioned expectations towards firms, to bring to light the essential principles and to mention the most often used marketing tools to communicate the responsible behaviour outwards.

Sustainability and hotel business: criteria for holistic, integrated and participative development

Debates regarding sustainable management have become notorious, significant and pertinent to contemporary society. This perspective is justified by the fact that modern management should address concerns of a fully aware audience regarding limits to be imposed on the use of natural/cultural resources and the negative impact of operations on the environment and on society and individuals. Undoubtedly, this assumption is even more important in industries where the power of socioenvironmental, cultural and economic transformation is increasingly latent, such as in the case of hotels. First, this article introduces a bibliometric analysis that exposes sustainable criteria verified in current management models, which allows for an identification among hotel companies for a predisposition for environmental and external social responsibility. Second, a primary contribution lies in structuring more holistic criteria, integrated in the internal/external hotel organizational background, in a manner that will enable organizations to help protect the environment as well as sociocultural, political and economic aspects of society.