Classification Of Extensions Research Articles

Comparative transcriptomic analysis brings new insights into the response to acute temperature acclimation in burbot (Lota lota lota)

Temperature is a crucial environmental factor affecting the survival and growth of aquatic organisms. However, the global warming caused by the growth of greenhouse gas emission has severely affected the sustainable development of global nature ecosystem. The change in water temperature has caused a disorder in the aquatic ecosystems. Lota lota lota is a unique member of cold-freshwater codfish; it has an important economic value like its marine relatives. It is also a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms of temperature adaptability of fish. In this study, RNA sequencing based on the Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 platform was used to reveal gene expression at the transcriptome level. Transcriptome profiles were generated from liver and brain samples from fish exposed to (0 °C, 17 °C and 28 °C). A total of 30,958 annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in all comparisons, with more DEGs in high-temperature groups (1668) than in low-temperature groups (1110). GO analysis was divided into three extensive categories and 55 subcategories. A series of candidate genes and pathways associated with temperature responsiveness was detected, mainly including heat-shock protein (HSP) family, fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and antigen processing and presentation. The expression levels of HSP70 were highest amongst those of the HSP family members in the high-temperature groups, implying that HSP70 was an efficient biomarker of high temperature challenge in L. lota lota. An obvious upward trend in the expression of FAD was conducive to regulating fatty acid composition and maintaining membrane fluidity under low-temperature stress. In addition, evidence indicated that elevated temperature had a large influence on immune function and heat stress could upregulate the immune-related pathways in L. lota lota.

Magnetic perturbations of anyonic and Aharonov–Bohm Schrödinger operators

We study the Hamiltonian describing two anyons moving in a plane in the presence of an external magnetic field and identify a one-parameter family of self-adjoint realizations of the corresponding Schrödinger operator. We also discuss the associated model describing a quantum particle immersed in a magnetic field with a local Aharonov–Bohm singularity. For a special class of magnetic potentials, we provide a complete classification of all possible self-adjoint extensions.

Spillover effects of competitive rivalry on brand extensions

Spillover effects seem to be pervasive in consumers’ decision-making. Yet, research examining spillover effects of competing brands’ associations is scarce, particularly in the context of brand extensions. In this research, we examine the extent to which associations of rival brands are transferred from the parent category to an extension category and how it influences extension evaluations. In two studies, we demonstrate a spillover effect of rivalry associations such that the success (failure) of a prior extension by a rival brand leads to a more (less) favourable brand extension evaluation, this effect being present in a high (vs. low) fit category. In addition, we show that this effect is moderated by relative brand strength of the rival brand. A stronger spillover effect is observed when the extension of a market leader brand is introduced following a prior successful extension by a challenger brand.

Внутрисуставное введение глюкокортикостероидов в практике ревматолога

Intra-articular and periarticular use of drugs for the purpose of relieving inflammation of the synovial membrane or periarthritis is an integral part of the complex pathogenetic treatment of joint diseases. Effectiveness of local therapy with glucocorticosteroids (GCS )there is no doubt and depends on a number of factors, which should include the correct assessment of indications and contraindications, the correct choice of the drug, its dosage and technique of manipulation. The use of this method can significantly reduce the time of industrial and/or household disability in this extensive category of patients.However, the doctor's ignorance or disregard of the mandatory conditions and requirements for performing this minor surgical manipulation can lead to undesirable, including severe, discrediting consequences of the valuable method. Postgraduate training of doctors helps to solve the problem of non-professional approach to the appointment and conduct of intra-articular and periarticular manipulations using GCS.

Quotients of monoid extensions and their interplay with Baer sums

Cosetal extensions of monoids generalise extensions of groups, special Schreier extensions of monoids and Leech's normal extensions of groups by monoids. They share a number of properties with group extensions, including a notion of Baer sum when the kernel is abelian. However, unlike group extensions (with fixed kernel and cokernel) there may be nontrivial morphisms between them. We explore the structure of the category of cosetal extensions and relate it to an analogue of second cohomology groups. Finally, the order structure and additive structures are combined to give an indexed family of inverse semigroups of extensions. These in turn can be combined into an inverse category.

Privacy Model: Detect Privacy Leakage for Chinese Browser Extensions

The wide use of browser extensions brings the privacy leakage problem. The previous works detected private data transmission to find privacy leakage in Chrome or Firefox, but the real challenge is to determine whether the transmission is reasonable because the privacy data that existed in transmission does not absolutely mean leaking. To this end, we establish a privacy model for each extension, which contains the sensitive information permitted to be used and servers authorized to communicate with. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we develop a dynamic browser extension privacy detection framework. It first builds privacy models for extensions and records all network traffic when accessing test pages. Then, the leakage results are presented according to the strict privacy leakage judgment rules. In this paper, the experiments are conducted in a real environment, and our work is verified by 34,095 extensions which are collected from 3 mainstream browsers in China from November 2019 to August 2020. There is a total of 2,983 extensions that exist privacy leakage. We further conduct a comprehensive analysis of the results including calculating the precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score for each type of leakage, and show the information leaked by different extension categories and the malicious domain name that collecting the users' privacy, as well as the results changing of detection over time.

Automatic Arabic Named Entity Extraction and Classification for Information Retrieval

This article tries to explain our rule-based Arabic Named Entity recognition (NER) and classification system. It is based on lists of classified proper names (PN) and particularly on syntactico-semantic patterns resulting in fine classification of Arabic NE. These patterns use syntactico-semantic combination of morpho-syntactic and syntactic entities. It also uses lexical classification of trigger words and NE extensions. These linguistic data are essential not only to name entity extraction but also to the taxonomic classification and to determining the NE frontiers. Our method is also based on the contextualisation and on the notion of NE class attributes and values. Inspired from X-bar theory and immediate constituents, we built a rule-based NER system composed of five levels of syntactico-semantic combination. We also show how the fine NE annotations in our system output (XML database) is exploited in information retrieval and information extraction.

Consumers’ evaluation of extensions among extensions and the backdrop effect

ABSTRACT Given the widespread acceptance of extensions-led brand strategies on the one hand, and a reduction in the size of brand portfolios by marketers and retailers on the other, many product categories now consist largely of extensions of brands from other categories. This paper examines consumers’ evaluation of a brand extension when its competitive context consists of other extensions. The results from two studies show that consumers’ perceptions of the fit of a focal extension with its brand’s core category and their acceptance of the focal extension are conditional on the relationship of the competing extensions with their respective parent categories. This ‘backdrop effect’ is mediated by consumers’ perceptions of fit between the competing extensions’ parent and extension categories and moderated by consumers’ differentiation versus integration mindsets.

On invariant (co)homology of a group

There are different notions of homology and cohomology that can be defined for a group with an action of another group by group automorphisms. In this paper we address three natural questions that arise in this context. Namely, the relation of these notions with the usual (co)homology of a semidirect product, the interpretation of the first homology group as some kind of abelianization and the classification of (invariant) group extensions.

The Prognostic Value of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in the Initial Assessment of Primary Tracheal Malignant Tumor: A Retrospective Study.

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in predicting the survival of patients with primary tracheal malignant tumors.Materials and MethodsAn analysis of FDG PET/CT findings in 37 primary tracheal malignant tumor patients with a median follow-up period of 43.2 months (range, 10.8–143.2 months) was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the associations between quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters, other clinic-pathological factors, and overall survival (OS). A risk prognosis model was established according to the independent prognostic factors identified on multivariate analysis. A survival curve determined by the Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess whether the prognosis prediction model could effectively stratify patients with different risks factors.ResultsThe median survival time of the 37 patients with tracheal tumors was 38.0 months, with a 95% confidence interval of 10.8 to 65.2 months. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year survival rate were 54.1%, 43.2%, and 16.2%, respectively. The metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum standardized uptake value, age, pathological type, extension categories, and lymph node stage were included in multivariate analyses. Multivariate analysis showed MTV (p = 0.011), TLG (p = 0.020), pathological type (p = 0.037), and extension categories (p = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Additionally, assessment of the survival curve using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that our prognosis prediction model can effectively stratify patients with different risks factors (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study shows that 18F-FDG PET/CT can predict the survival of patients with primary tracheal malignant tumors. Patients with an MTV > 5.19, a TLG > 16.94 on PET/CT scans, squamous cell carcinoma, and non-E1 were more likely to have a reduced OS.

On the Extendibility of Brands with Subordinate versus Basic Category Concepts

In this paper, we use a series of experimental studies to show that consumers’ response to the extension of a brand associated with a basic versus a sub-category depends on the closeness of the brand's parent and extension categories. When the two categories are close, consumers respond more favorably to the extension of a brand with a basic category concept, but the pattern reverses when the categories are far apart. However, a brand with a basic category concept can mitigate its disadvantage in a distant category by first launching an intervening line extension. Our results suggest that brands with sub-category concepts are not limited in their ability to extend, and can help retailers meet the twin objectives of leveraging the high growth of specialized categories and rationalizing their brand portfolio. They also suggest that managers should aim to extend brands with sub-category concepts into distant categories where the modifier in the brand concept is relevant rather than into close categories.

CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF JUG SHAPES AMONG DON ALANS

Jars are the most extensive category of earthenware from catacomb burial grounds of the Saltovo-Mayaki culture. They have greatest variety of shapes among others categories of ceramics. Thе article is devoted to the study of the 211 jars shapes from six catacomb burial grounds of the Saltovo-Mayaki culture. The research is based on the historical-and-cultural approach to the study of the vessels shape, developed by A. A. Bobrinsky and supplemented by his modern followers. The aim of ceramics study in this approach is to reconstruct specific cultural traditions of manufacturers and consumers of pottery, as well as to study the history of the population in ancient times based on data about these cultural traditions.&#x0D; The catacomb burial grounds studied here are divided into two groups. The core of the first group is Dmitrievsky and Nizhnelubyansky burial grounds. Podgorovsky burial ground has many similarities with sites listed above. The second group consisted of Starosaltovsky, Rubezhansky and Yutanovsky burial grounds. These groups is fully consistent with the grouping based on burial traditions of the Saltovo-Mayaki culture. According to G. E. Afanasiev these burial traditions are associated with different tribal groups of the Don Alans.&#x0D; The main conclusion is that the various mass traditions of the jars shapes mark the differences in the skills among potters from different Alans tribal groups who settled in the middle - second half of the VIII century in the Middle Don basin. They show the connection of different cultural traditions with specific ancient human collectives.

The Brauer group of the moduli stack of elliptic curves

We compute the Brauer group of the moduli stack of elliptic curves over the integers, localizations of the integers, finite fields of odd characteristic, and algebraically closed fields of characteristic not $2$. The methods involved include the use of the parameter space of Legendre curves and the moduli stack of curves with full (naive) level $2$ structure, the study of the descent spectral sequence in \'etale cohomology and the Leray spectral sequence in fppf cohomology, the computation of the group cohomology of $S_3$ in a certain integral representation, the classification of cubic Galois extensions of the field of rational numbers, the computation of Hilbert symbols in the ramified case for the primes $2$ and $3$, and finding $p$-adic elliptic curves with specified properties.

Central extensions of 4-dimensional binary Lie algebras

The class of binary Lie algebras contains the one of Malcev algebras (and so the one of Lie algebras). We provide a classification of central extensions of complex non-Malcev binary Lie algebras of dimensions either 3 or 4. From here, a classification of central extensions of complex non-Lie anticommutative ℭ𝔇-algebras of dimensions either 3 or 4 is also given.

A comprehensive review on accuracy in ultrasonic flow measurement using reconfigurable systems and deep learning approaches

Flow rates of fuel are a major control variable in the engines of airborne vehicles. Accuracy in flow rate measurements became a mandatory requirement for the testing and reliable operation of those engines. Flow rate measurement is also essential in food industries, automotive industries, and chemical industries. Flow rate measurement using ultrasonic transducers is an appropriate choice because of its unique properties when they are in contact with the gases and water medium, as well as larger diameter pipelines. Estimating the echo signal of the ultrasonic flowmeter is a challenging task; however, the processing tasks for real-time performance are mandatory for improving accuracy in flow rate measurements. This article reviews the improvement in the accuracy of flow rate measurements of liquids and gases incorporating the modern technological trends with the support of field programmable gate arrays, digital signal processors, other advanced processors, and deep learning approaches. The review also elaborates on the reduction of uncertainty in single path and multi-path ultrasonic flowmeters. Finally, future research prospects are put forward for developing low cost, reliable, and accurate ultrasonic flowmeters for extensive categories of industrial applications.

“Natural” New Products and Brand Distribution

Grocery retailers are investing in “natural” product offerings to compete for shoppers. At the same time, many brands’ new product offerings claim to be “natural.” Such new products appear to be congruent with retail customers’ goals. However, the term “natural” is not regulated by any U.S. government agency. Uncertainty remains regarding what “natural” implies to the marketplace and the value it brings to interorganizational exchange between brands and their retail customers. We investigate these issues with a multimethod approach involving in-depth qualitative interviews with 30 managers possessing extensive category management experience, secondary data compiled from 628 brands’ new product introductions across 18 consumer packaged goods categories over 11 years, and primary data from a survey-based experiment collected from 101 managers involved with category management. Results indicate the extent to which a brand is using retailer shelf space productively can determine whether the relationship between a brand’s “natural” new product introductions and brand distribution is positive or negative. Category managers find the term “natural” is difficult to evaluate – especially in non-food categories. They navigate this uncertainty by turning to brands’ “shelf space productivity” (i.e. the brand’s category sales contribution relative to its share of in-store shelf space) as a critical decision-making heuristic. If a non-food brand is using its shelf space productively, it is in position to gain access to greater overall distribution by focusing on “natural” new products. However, if a non-food brand is underutilizing its shelf space, category managers perceive the brand’s focus on “natural” new products as more opportunistic, which lowers their trust in the brand’s use of the claim. This distrust ultimately results in a larger withdrawal of the brand’s access to retailers’ distribution resources than had the brand focused more on non-“natural” new products. These results suggest non-food brand managers should proceed with caution when considering whether their new products will focus on “natural” (vs. non-“natural”) offerings. It may seem “natural” products can only help—or at least not hurt—brand distribution. However, we find “natural” claims can be detrimental to distribution if the brand underutilizes its in-store shelf space. It is difficult for brands to escape downward performance spirals, and emphasizing “natural” claims seems to accelerate the descent for unproductive non-food brands. As part of our analyses, we also propose, validate, and use a novel and straightforward measure that category managers and brand managers will find useful for estimating brand shelf space and shelf space productivity.

AutoNeuriteJ: An ImageJ plugin for measurement and classification of neuritic extensions.

Morphometry characterization is an important procedure in describing neuronal cultures and identifying phenotypic differences. This task usually requires labor-intensive measurements and the classification of numerous neurites from large numbers of neurons in culture. To automate these measurements, we wrote AutoNeuriteJ, an imageJ/Fiji plugin that measures and classifies neurites from a very large number of neurons. We showed that AutoNeuriteJ is able to detect variations of neuritic growth induced by several compounds known to affect the neuronal growth. In these experiments measurement of more than 5000 mouse neurons per conditions was obtained within a few hours. Moreover, by analyzing mouse neurons deficient for the microtubule associated protein 6 (MAP6) and wild type neurons we illustrate that AutoNeuriteJ is capable to detect subtle phenotypic difference in axonal length. Overall the use of AutoNeuriteJ will provide rapid, unbiased and accurate measurement of neuron morphologies.

Non-associative central extensions of null-filiform associative algebras

We give the algebraic classification of alternative, left alternative, Jordan, bicommutative, left commutative, assosymmetric, Novikov and left symmetric central extensions of null-filiform associative algebras.

Extensions of finite irreducible modules of Lie conformal algebras and some Schrödinger-Virasoro type Lie conformal algebras

Lie conformal algebras are the semi-direct sums of Virasoro Lie conformal algebra and its nontrivial conformal modules of rank one. In this article, we give a complete classification of extensions of finite irreducible conformal modules of With a similar method, we characterize all extensions of finite irreducible conformal modules of Schrödinger-Virasoro type Lie conformal algebras TSV(a, b) and TSV(c).

ℤ2 × ℤ2-Generalizations of Infinite-Dimensional Lie Superalgebra of Conformal Type with Complete Classification of Central Extensions

We introduce a class of novel $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$-graded color superalgebras of infinite dimension. It is done by realizing each member of the class in the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie superalgebra which is a module extension of the Virasoro algebra. Then the complete classification of central extensions of the $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$-graded color superalgebras is presented. It turns out that infinitely many members of the class have non-trivial extensions. We also demonstrate that the color superalgebras (with and without central extensions) have adjoint and superadjoint operations.