Export Of Agricultural Products Research Articles

MANAGEMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES' COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF FOOD SECURITY

In the modern conditions of globalisation and transformation, food supply, food safety and development of the agricultural sector are the determining factors of stability. The country's agriculture requires increased competitiveness and the formation of competitive advantages, and agricultural production is one of the risky types of business activity. The insufficient level of development of enterprises in the agricultural sector is due to the need for a system of effective mechanisms for managing the development and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. The aim of the publication is to study the trends in the development, formation and functioning of agrarian enterprises in the current realities and to develop a mechanism for managing the competitiveness of agrarian enterprises. Results. The paper considers the issues of peculiarities, trends in the development and functioning of agricultural enterprises in modern conditions. The essence of the concept of competitiveness and peculiarities of formation of competitiveness of agricultural enterprises are defined. An assessment of agricultural production is carried out and an analysis by groups of producers is carried out. The dynamics of the number of agricultural enterprises for 2008-2021 was determined. Factors influencing the formation of competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and the place of Ukraine in the world ranking of exporters of agricultural products have been studied. The essence of the mechanism of managing the competitiveness of agricultural formations is substantiated. A model of the mechanism of managing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises was developed, including economic, organisational and legal subsystems. Conclusions. The existence of competitive advantages is an essential aspect of competitiveness, and increasing the level of competitiveness of agricultural formations and optimising their functioning in conditions of uncertainty is a priority direction of the agricultural sphere of the national economy. Competitive agriculture should ensure the country's food security and contribute to the effective development of rural areas.

Economic Consequences of Political Conflicts: Finance, Energy and Agricultural Markets

The Russia-Ukraine conflict that broke out in 2022 will have a major impact on the world's economy from the financial market, energy market, and agricultural product market. Ukraine has fertile black land in Eastern Europe. It is an important exporter of agricultural products in the world and an important way point for Russia to export energy. Russia is also one of the most important exporters of energy and agricultural products in the world. This article analyzes the reasons for the conflict between Russia and Ukraine from the perspective of geopolitics, and further combines data and charts to analyze the impact of the event on the world economy. This article can make the government aware of the dangers of war to human society and that only peaceful coexistence between countries can make mankind better. With rapid development, investors should reduce their investment during the war, so as not to lose their property.

Impact Of The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on Agricultural Product Export Enterprises in Vietnam

Signing and implementing FTAs, especially new-generation FTAs, has promoted economic growth and improved Vietnamese society's spiritual and material life. Agricultural products are one of the industries most affected by implementing new-generation FTAs. Those impacts include both positive and negative results. This paper will analyze some of the effects of the EU Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) on agricultural export enterprises in Vietnam after signing the Agreement. From that impact analysis, the paper will offer several recommendations and solutions for businesses and the government to help agricultural export enterprises in Vietnam take full advantage and benefit, also limit the negative impacts of FTAs.

Agricultural Crop Recommendation, Crop Disease Detection and Price Prediction Using Machine Learning

India's foundation is its agriculture. With over 60% of the workforce employed and producing over 18% of the nation's GDP, it is a vital sector of the Indian economy. Although there are many ways in which we can use technology to increase product production, a farmer can only profit if he is able to sell his crops. Three laws have been passed by the Indian government to encourage the export of agricultural products across the nation. But today, we witness farmers all over the nation fighting against these regulations to protect their rights. Farmers worry that big merchants will exploit them as puppets and undercut the price at which they sell their goods. After doing a thorough analysis of the situation, we developed the concept of creating an agricultural produce application that facilitates direct communication between farmers and retailers, allows for product reviews and crop yielding rate prediction, and predicts the price of agricultural produce based on quantity produced and previous years' sales rates. Unpredictable rains, unexpected temperature decreases, and heat waves have all been brought on by the shifting climate, and the ecosystem has suffered significant harm. Thankfully, machine learning has produced useful methods for tackling international problems, such as agriculture. These climate change-related agricultural issues can be resolved by using various machine learning methods. The purpose of this piece is to Create a method to identify crop diseases and suggest crops. For both objectives, publicly accessible datasets were utilized. Regarding the crop recommendation system, feature extraction was done, and a variety of machine learning methods were used to train the dataset, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and Multilayer Perceptron. 99.30% accuracy was attained via the random forest algorithm.CNN architectures such as ResNet50, and EfficientNetV2 were trained and compared for the plant disease identification system. EfficientNetV2 outperformed the rest, with a high accuracy of 96.08%.

Factors affecting the profitability of enterprises: a survey of some Vietnam agricultural product export enterprises

Agricultural export enterprises play an important role in the economy, contributing significantly to economic development and growth. Optimizing their operations can support the building of a sustainable economy. In this study, Stata software was used to select an appropriate regression model to evaluate the impact of factors on the profitability of agricultural export enterprises in Vietnam in the period from 2013 - 2022. Research results have shown that debt ratio, asset structure, and operating time of the business all have a significant impact on the return on assets and equity. Other factors have only a strong impact on one of these two factors or are not statistically significant in explaining the impact on profitability. This result emphasizes the importance of agricultural export enterprises reviewing their capital structure and asset structure and carefully evaluating the impact of these factors in the process of building business strategies to optimize profitability.

Problem aspects of accounting and taxation of grain exports in Ukraine

The article examines the problems and features of accounting and taxation of grain exports in today's conditions. As a result of the invasion of Russia, Ukrainian agricultural enterprises have recently suffered significant losses. The occupiers are deliberately destroying the Ukrainian agricultural complex in order to deprive them of one of the main sources of income - the sale of agricultural products by commodity producers, as the main suppliers of food. However, in the conditions of an undeclared war between Russia and Ukraine, the European Union is trying to support the agrarian business of Ukraine and has allowed, according to the EU memorandum, to suspend customs duties and quotas of Ukrainian grain to EU countries until June 2024. Ukraine exports agricultural products through the land border with EU countries, as export by sea is currently difficult due to the invasion of Russia. Therefore, in order to preserve the grown and surviving crops, domestic producers have intensified grain export operations, and currently the issues of accounting and taxation of these operations are relevant. The implementation of foreign economic operations by business entities requires their registration with the customs authorities. When carrying out foreign economic activities, it is mandatory to conclude a foreign exchange contract, and agricultural producers must take into account many nuances in order to comply with the main legislative and customs requirements. Some foreign exchange contracts, in particular those relating to agricultural products, are subject to state registration. In particular, in order to verify and approve the export of agricultural products to the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Bulgaria, Romania, Poland and Hungary, it is necessary to obtain licenses for the export of legally defined types of agricultural products from 2023. As a rule, all calculations for foreign economic operations are carried out in foreign currency, which for the purpose of accounting and taxation must be converted into national currency at the rate of the National Bank of Ukraine. Operations for the export of goods outside the customs territory of Ukraine are subject to Value-Added Tax (VAT), in this regard, the exporter forms a tax invoice at the official hryvnias exchange rate set by the NBU for the previous working day. The exporter - the VAT payer is obliged to compile and register it in the Unified register of tax invoices (hereinafter referred to as the Tax Invoice Register) within the time limits specified in the Tax Code. The article summarizes the procedure for the export of agricultural products, considers the specifics of taxation of these operations, and identifies problematic and debatable issues regarding the implementation of these operations

Technical Barriers to Trade and China's Agricultural Products Export - Taking Garlic Export as an Example

Technical Barriers to Trade and China's Agricultural Products Export - Taking Garlic Export as an Example

Management of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises in the context of stabilization of the national economy

The study is devoted to assessing the consequences of the war in Ukraine for the world trade in agricultural products and substantiating the peculiarities of managing the foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises of the country in the military and post-war periods in the context of stabilizing the national economy. Based on the analysis, the author identifies the critical components of the effects of the war in Ukraine on world agricultural trade, which are geographically specific and contextual. The impact of the aggressor country's actions on the territory of Ukraine on international trade and economic relations is determined. The spatial and commodity structure of Ukraine's trade integration relations in agricultural production in the pre-war and war periods is considered and studied. It is noted that despite Ukraine's small share in the total volume of world trade and production, the country's integration into international agricultural markets is quite significant. It is proved that the domestic agricultural sector is a powerful exporter of agricultural products for several items, including staple foods. Ukraine retained its place among the world's five most prominent exporters of agricultural products in 2022. The main products of domestic agricultural exports have traditionally been grains and oilseeds, various oils, residues of the food and processing industry, meat, and offal. It is substantiated that for stabilizing the national economy, it is necessary to modernize all sectors of the Ukrainian economy, including agriculture. It is necessary not only to rebuild them to pre-war levels but also to profoundly transform the country at all levels (macro, meso, and micro), from business models and technologies, infrastructure, and logistics to a radical overhaul of institutions. The main strategic goal was to maintain Ukraine's full membership in the EU. Keywords: Agri-food market, agricultural products, foreign economic activity management, agricultural enterprises, stabilization of the national economy, sustainable development paradigm, international trade, war in Ukraine, development.

Mapping the Coffee Value Chain in Lao PDR: Issues, Insights, and Strategies

Coffee is a major agricultural export product that generates foreign currency for Lao PDR. While several studies have been conducted on coffee in Lao PDR, none have focused on the value chain. This research seeks to fill that gap by analyzing the coffee value chain in Laos. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, such as interviews, value chain mapping, and value-added estimation, to examine the structure, roles, activities, and performance of the value chain actors. The study finds that coffee farmers have the highest value-added, but they are facing various issues of pests and disease, low productivity, and limited access to finance. Laos has a high export potential for coffee, especially to European markets, but also faces constraints such as limited market access, transportation costs, and non-tariff measures. The study provides recommendations for improving the coffee value chain in Laos, such as strengthening farmer groups and cooperatives, enhancing quality and certification standards, and diversifying markets and products.

Comparative Analysis of Trade’s Impact on Agricultural Carbon Emissions in China and the United States

Accelerating economic globalization is a major driver of the transfer of embodied pollutant emissions from trade. China and the United States are currently the largest importers and exporters of agricultural products, respectively, and are also major producers and consumers of these products. This paper aims to analyze and compare the patterns of embodied agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) in the two countries, which is crucial for understanding how trade influences the transfer of such emissions. In this study, we calculated the embodied ACE of China and the United States from the perspectives of production and consumption for the years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016 by establishing a multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model. Additionally, we employed the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition method to analyze the driving factors behind the changes in embodied ACE over time. The findings indicated that the embodied ACE associated with imports and exports in China and the United States followed a pattern of increase and subsequent decrease during the period 1970–2016, with net imports escalating from −18.79 million tons and −3.62 million tons to 40.35 million tons and 51.22 million tons, respectively. This study identified two main factors contributing to the reduction in embodied ACE in both countries: the declining intensity of embodied ACE per unit of traded products and the diminishing proportion of the primary industry. The growth in GDP per capita, population expansion, and an increase in the proportion of agricultural products in international trade are predicted to promote an increase in embodied ACE imports and exports in both countries. This paper advocates for the reduction of embodied ACE through the continuous promotion of research and application of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, an optimized industrial structure, and the implementation of relevant energy-saving and emission-reduction policies.

Current problems and prospects for the development of the mineral fertilizer market in Russia

Subject. This article discusses the strengthening of Russia's position as a major exporter of agricultural products. Objectives. The article aims to determine the role of the production of mineral fertilizers in the development of the agricultural sector of Russia and strengthening the country's competitiveness in the world market. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of strategic analysis. Results. The article finds that the production of mineral fertilizers is susceptible to digitalization processes, which make it possible to create additional competitive advantages. The development of the mineral fertilizer market is influenced by fluctuations in grain prices. Relevance. The results of the study can be used when designing comprehensive programmes for the development of agriculture in the regions of Russia.

Correlation between the Greatest Agricultural Products Exporters to the EU: is Ukraine included?

Due to the challenges we are experiencing nowadays, the importance of food security is gaining in its attention, making the subjects supplying agricultural production and ready-made food products more important and influential either economically or politically. The data under research are the agricultural products exports of Brazil, Canada, China, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the United States to the European Union. The agricultural products are the goods from SITC (0+1) groups. The timeframe under analysis is eleven years – from 2012 to 2022 included. The purpose of the research is to assess whether the Ukrainian agricultural exports to the EU are correlated with the said exports of Brazil, Canada, China, the UK and the USA, and, if they are, how strong the correlation is. The comparative analysis of the dynamics, simple statistics, differences with the previous periods for the agricultural products exports of the analysed subjects to the EU was conducted. The trend lines for the analysed data during the given timeframe and two following years, were built using the appropriate function. The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and their corresponding p-values were calculated and analysed.

Management of the grain supply chain during the conflict period: case study Ukraine

The paper highlights the main aspects of designing safety supply chains for grain cargoes and other agricultural commodity delivery. The study's relevance is caused by the fact that periodic port blockades do not allow Ukraine to carry out reliable exports of agricultural products along classical routes. Therefore, there was a need to find new alternatives for exporting agricultural commodities, primarily grain. The study aims to substantiate, describe, structure, and mathematically formalize proposed delivery options and choose the best. The research justifies picking supply chains using automobile and railway transport from Ukraine to the European Union countries. According to three proposed technologies, grain cargoes are exported in batches using containers. The advisability is justified for using each considered delivery option regarding technological aspects. Mathematical modeling, particularly regression analysis, is used to design supply chains. In this case, selecting the best technology is confirmed by corresponding calculations according to designed regression models. The presented option for supplying agricultural commodities is the safest and most reliable but more expensive. However, such logistics will be an excellent solution to reduce the negative consequences of a possible food crisis for the global economy.

우리나라 주요 수출산업과 농식품산업의 수출결정요인 비교 분석

The global economy is slowing down significantly due to the Russia-U.S. war, rising raw material prices, and global monetary tightening, and the localization of global value chains and global supply chains is actively progressing, especially in countries that have been unstable in global supply chains due to global economic uncertainties. Against this backdrop, strengthening the agricultural base through agricultural exports needs to seek ways to strengthen competitiveness to foster agriculture as a new export industry as it can secure stable sources for major foods that are highly dependent on imports, including food resources, and can be a new opportunity to increase exports of agricultural and fishery foods. In this study, the export demand function of each major industrial group in Korea is estimated and compared with the determinants of export demand for agricultural products. As for the analysis target period, the top 10 exporting countries in Korea were set as analysis target countries for annual data from 1995 to 2022. In summary, it can be seen that factors affecting exports differ by industry group, and factors affecting the export of agricultural products are affected by the trade partner's gross domestic product, per capita gross domestic product, relative price index with trading partner, R&D investment, comparative advantage index by trading partner for specific products, and FTA signing or not.

POLITICAL AND LEGAL FACTORS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE HUMANITARIAN CORRIDOR IN THE BLACK SEA

The article analyzes the prerequisites and factors of the functioning of the humanitarian maritime corridor in the Black Sea. New Ukrainian realities caused by Russia’s large-scale armed aggression against Ukraine. The blockade of seaports and ships caused the export of Ukrainian agricultural products and other goods from all ports of Ukraine to stop. The impossibility of exporting grain from Ukraine first of all had a painful impact on world food security. Therefore, the world community and the Ukrainian authorities faced the problem of unblocking sea routes and returning Ukrainian grain crops to foreign markets. Solving this problem required the development of economic, legal, political, and logistical components, taking into account the interests of the participating countries and other countries of the world. It became possible to settle the issue only within the framework of the «Initiative on the Safe Transportation of Grain and Foodstuffs from Ukrainian Ports», which, under the norms of International Maritime Law, established mechanisms for safe maritime commercial transportation, and allowed the creation of a humanitarian («grain») corridor in the Black Sea. The achievement of the «grain corridor» was the stabilization of the food market and the maintenance of food security. At the same time, Russia also received tactical, strategic, economic, and political benefits. Despite this, the Russian Federation continues to obstruct freedom of navigation in the Black Sea and the Danube for political and military purposes to dominate the Black Sea region. In this regard, solving the problem of the effective functioning of the humanitarian corridor in the Black Sea is complex and requires a multilateral approach, which involves a reliable legal and regulatory framework, transparency, and international cooperation to develop political and economic mechanisms to counter Russian aggression and ensure free sea navigation for commercial ships.

Development and Promotion Strategies of Chinese Agricultural Products in the Context of International Trade: Based on the Perspective of Intellectual Property Protection

In today's globalized economy, the means of economic competition between countries has shifted from relying primarily on tariffs and quotas to relying on talent, intellectual property rights and technical standards. The decisiveness and influence of international intellectual property rights on international trade is becoming increasingly obvious. As a big agricultural country, China possesses a large number of special agricultural products and is also a big exporter of agricultural products, so the protection of intellectual property rights of Chinese agricultural products is particularly important. Since the promulgation of the Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), the United States will be linked to international trade and intellectual property protection and as a reason to continuously improve the international intellectual property protection standards. At present, China's agricultural products in international trade there are still many difficulties, from the perspective of intellectual property rights, mainly manifested in the lack of protection of agricultural patents, agricultural products, geographical indications. This paper will start from the beginning, with intellectual property protection as the entry point, analyse in the new situation of international trade in China's agricultural products development and promotion strategy.

A Review on Digital Twins Technology: A New Frontier in Agriculture

Farming is crucial for various aspects of daily life, including food, the economy, environment, culture, and community. It provides employment opportunities, generates income, and increases the export of agricultural products, particularly in rural areas. Sustainable farming practices promote soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, and are essential in many parts of the world. Farming is deeply rooted in cultures and traditions and is a way of life for many communities, passed down from generation to generation. Without farming, we would not have the abundance and variety of food that we enjoy today. Advancements in technology, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things, have greatly impacted agriculture by producing vast amounts of digital data on crops, soil, and weather conditions. However, managing and analyzing this data can be challenging for farmers, especially those in developing nations. To address this issue, affordable digital farming solutions, including open-source software platforms, sensor networks, and mobile apps, are being developed to help farmers optimize their resources, increase yields, and profits. Digital twin technology can play a crucial role in digital farming by providing farmers with a virtual replica of their physical farm. It is a digital depiction of a real-world asset, such a farm or a particular crop field, that gathers information from sensors, weather stations, and satellite pictures. This technology has arisen that has been hailed as revolutionary in a number of fields, including manufacturing machines, construction, agriculture, healthcare, and the automotive and aerospace industries. However, the technology is still in its early stages in agriculture, and it can be challenging to handle the interactions between different farming-related digital twin components. Additionally, digital twinning can require significant investment in technology and infrastructure, which may be a barrier for small-scale farmers.

FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

The article highlights the theoretical essence of the concept of «entrepreneurship» and reveals the views of domestic scientists regarding this term. The rights used by business entities are reflected. The peculiarities of the development of entrepreneurship in the agrarian sphere are clarified, namely: the seasonal nature of production, an increase in the share of traditional goods and services, interaction with agricultural producers, the unique role of land as a production factor, and the creation of new opportunities for employment of the unemployed rural population. An equally important feature is that the economic process of reproduction is always closely intertwined with the natural one. The importance of signing the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, which creates an opportunity for business entities to produce products and look for better options for their implementation on the European market, is substantiated. The monthly dynamics and current state of the export of products were analyzed and appropriate conclusions were drawn regarding the factors that had a significant impact on the decrease of Ukrainian exports in 2022. The analysis of the export of agricultural products in 2022 by category was carried out and the ranking of the countries to which Ukraine exported the most grain crops was displayed. The importance of the use of sea transport, in which business entities are able to reduce costs for the delivery of Ukrainian agricultural products to the countries of the European Union and other countries, is noted. The article presents the importance of signing the Black Sea Grain Initiative, also known as the «grain agreement», which consists of two separate agreements with different contents: between the russian federation and the United Nations (hereinafter - the UN) with the participation of Turkey; between Ukraine and the UN with the participation of Turkey. The agreement gives our country the opportunity to export grain crops by sea transport, since the russian federation has taken responsibility not to attack the port infrastructure of Chornomorsk, Odesa and Yuzhnoye. However, in October 2022, the russian federation suspended its participation in the agreement.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE UNIVERSAL ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF COMPLEX LABORATORIES FOR QUALITY AND SAFETY ASSESSING OF GRAIN AND OIL CROPS

The materials of the article provide data on the export of domestic grain, oil crops and their processing products, the commodity structure of the export of domestic agricultural products and a dozen export countries during the operation of the grain corridor from March 2022 to August 2023. The main requirements for modern laboratories and their functions are listed. The components of a comprehensive analytical approach to assessing the quality and safety of grains and oilseeds according to modern international requirements are presented. It has been established that, in addition to the technical and economic component, the activities of complex laboratories are affected by a large number of technological limitations, among which an important place is occupied by the problems of quality control of test results. Today, the functioning of native laboratories that assess the quality and safety of grains and oilseeds has some of shortcomings that may affect the effectiveness of testing activities. In particular, there is a lack of a unified approach to addressing systemic requirements, a large number of regulators, conflicting requirements, and limited international harmonization. The requirements of industry regulations and contract specifications pose challenges for laboratories. All of this emphasizes need to develop a universal adaptive technological system for quality control of integrated laboratories for assessing the quality and safety of grains and oilseeds. The main components of quality management of laboratories for quality assessment of grains and oilseeds are considered and analyzed. It was found that only 11% of accredited domestic laboratories can comprehensively meet the current demand for conformity assessment services for agricultural raw materials. Based on the analysis, a roadmap of quality management components of laboratories for quality assessment of grains and oilseeds was developed. The development of such guidelines will help to meet diverse requirements and systematically demonstrate competence in line with current needs. Processes such as analytical method validation, measurement uncertainty assessment, metrological traceability, and accreditation support require significant financial investments. The creation and implementation of a universal adaptive technological system will help to rationalize the use of resources, thanks to logistical advantages, efficiency, reliability of results, and vertical management system. The creation and implementation of a universal adaptive technological system will help to rationalize the use of resources, thanks to logistical advantages, efficiency, reliability of results, and vertical management system.

The Impact of Multi-Dimensional Vectors on China’s Agricultural Products Export: Based on fsQCA

Since 2004, China has been experiencing persistent and significant agricultural trade deficits. The longstanding unfavorable balance has induced a series of problems that require urgent attention. The fundamental approach to narrow the agricultural trade gap is to increase agricultural exports. Based on the cultural, institutional, geographical, and economic theoretical framework and using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis configurational approach, this study clarifies the configurational paths of the impact of multi-dimensional vectors on China’s agricultural exports in recent years. The findings show that (1) the multi-dimensional vectors configuration paths from 2016 to 2020 have certain similarities, and the impact paths are relatively stable; (2) the configuration paths of multi-dimensional vectors are different when comparison involves’ China’s high-level and non-high-level agricultural exports; (3) all the four vectors simultaneously affect high-level agricultural exports; and the absence of cultural and institutional vectors influence China’s non-high-level agricultural exports. Therefore, policymakers should note that one size does not fit all in promoting agricultural exports and that improving the overseas dissemination of a country’s culture and its institutional policies can greatly increase agricultural exports.