Exploratory Scope Research Articles

Ethnicity as a social determinant of energy poverty: the case of Mexican indigenous population

ABSTRACT Despite an extensive literature on energy poverty, the prevalence of this problem in the indigenous populations is an underexplored area. Additionally, in Mexico and Latin America energy poverty is just an emerging research field. This paper contributes to mobilising the debate on energy poverty in indigenous populations, being the first to focus on ethnicity as a social determinant of energy poverty, and by providing elements to support progressive public policies targeting the most vulnerable populations. With a quantitative approach, an exploratory scope, and incorporating the ethnic approach as a multidisciplinary tool to diagnose and measure social inequalities, this paper analyses energy poverty in the Mexican indigenous population and measures the social inequities in energy experienced by these ethnic groups with respect to non-indigenous Mexican populations. Finding that the main efforts of the federal government have focused on electrification. However, the federative entities with the largest national proportion of the indigenous population, particularly Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Guerrero present a systematic pattern of social inequalities in all energy poverty dimensions, linked to the concentration of extreme multidimensional poverty. This is reflected in the high Energy Effort Rate, low availability of energy consumption goods and services, the exacerbated use of firewood or coal for cooking as a strategy of self-restraint to coping energy poverty, as well as a high housing precariousness, despite the high housing tenure rate. Concluding that in Mexico, due to historical Sate discrimination, ethnicity is a social determinant of energy poverty, and this could be accentuated in subgroups of the indigenous population.

Social determinants in research on economic freedom of university graduates: a bibliometric and content analysis

Objective. Find the social determinants that influence or contribute to achieving economic freedom in students or university graduates.
 Design/Methodology/Approach. The study presents a quantitative methodology, with a descriptive exploratory scope, through a bibliometric analysis using the SciMAT software on 748 scientific publications collected from Scopus on the topic: "Economic Freedom", all with a holistic approach. In this period, from 2005 to 2020. Said analysis identifies the main authors, organizations, countries, sources, research areas and development of this field of research.
 Results/Discussion. A conceptual evolution map is obtained for each thematic area of the social determinants that influence or contribute to achieving economic freedom in students or university graduates in the period 2005-2020. Three areas remain as determinants: social factors, emotional behavior and educational status. The scientific community has focused its attention on the university graduate as a person who has individual aspirations and perspectives; however, there are also variables such as parental education, educational status, socioeconomic and psychological factors, etc.
 Conclusions. The concept of economic freedom has evolved in recent years; researchers on the subject have reached conclusions or consensus, describing the elements or general conditions that constitute it. This paper delimits the scientific discussion on "economic freedom" in three thematic areas: social factors, emotional behavior, and educational status, which affect students or university graduates.

El desarrollo de proyectos integrales como herramienta en la educación 4.0

Education 4.0 requires human resources that are proactive, critical and linked to society at local, state, national and international levels. In view of this need for change, the present work has as its objective demonstrate relevance of an integrative project as a pedagogical strategy in teaching-learning, for the appropriation of knowledge, as well as for the development of transversal skills in higher education students, through the collaboration of three learning units belonging to the Marketing Degree of the Academic Unit of Accounting and Administration (UACyA) of the Autonomous University of Nayarit (UAN). Therefore, it is based on documentary research with a qualitative approach, exploratory and descriptive scope, a field research was also carried out with the M5-1 group, with the collaboration of their teachers, obtaining as a result marketing prospects for the companies that accepted the intervention. It concludes with the theoretical foundation in relation to the benefit and the impulse given by this practice in favor of the development of talents in university education.

The Digital Transformation in the Peruvian Customs

The public and private institutions of the different countries of the world to improve the effectiveness and efficiency in the service require to be at the forefront of technological changes, Customs being one of them, because foreign trade has increased considerably worldwide. The objective of the study was to analyze the digital transformation in the Peruvian Customs. The qualitative approach was used through the grounded theory of cross-section and exploratory scope. A semi-structured interview was conducted with twenty officials from customs agencies. From the interviews, it was obtained as emerging categories according to the interviews, which produced costs, simplified processes and saved time. The analysis of the interviews allowed us to conclude that the changes implemented in the digital transformation of the Peruvian customs have been favorable, contributing to improvements in foreign trade.

Constitutionality of the expedited procedure in contraventions against women or members of the family nucleus

Violence against women and members of their family nucleus from earlier stages is defined as a serious social problem at the international level. The Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador of 2008, highly guaranteeing rights, establishes expeditious procedures for the trial and punishment of crimes of domestic violence subject to the principle of procedural orality and summary proceedings. The object of investigation turned out to be the implementation of the punitive model in contraventions of violence against women or members of the family nucleus. A mixed research approach was used with a descriptive exploratory scope and the following methods were used: inductive, deductive, historical-logical and analysis-synthesis. The results are associated with the improvement of axis No 4 of the Council of the Judiciary: Strengthening of the Investigation and Punishment Mechanisms in cases of sexual violence against children, adolescents and women.

Ventajas competitivas desde la perspectiva de los Stakeholders. Caso Los cabos, México

The aim of the research was to determine the competitive advantages from the perspective of the stakeholders in Los Cabos, México. Case study with a qualitative methodology with an exploratory and descriptive scope. Six stakeholders were interviewed, public, private, and social plus a virtual ethnography was carried out on Forty large tourism companies in Los Cabos. The Competitiveness factors of Los Cabos tourist destination are: 1. Geographical natural characteristics, 2. The composition of the tourism product, 3. Tourism promotion, 4. Public and private collaboration, 5. Tourism resilience and 6. Creation of share value. For their part, the actions carried out by large companies for the benefit of the resident community have the capacity to create share value, however, a measurement of the contribution in relation to cost – benefits are required. Los Cabos, México is a consolidated tourist destination in a mature phase with resiliency capacity, adaptation to disruptive changes in the environment and with an assertive tourist reactivation.

Disciplinary approaches and theories in Argentinian public relations undergraduate programmes

The purpose of this study is to verify the utilisation of the existing public relations general approaches and theories at a global scale in the public relations undergraduate programmes of the five leading Argentinian universities. A qualitative approach with an exploratory scope that employs data collection techniques such as the qualitative content analysis of academic documents, semi-structured in-depth interviews and structured surveys for ascertaining theoretical loading are used. Results reveal that public relations undergraduate programmes in Argentina present a markedly professional character and prefer theoretical frameworks linked to the functionalist tradition.

Preocupaciones sobre la educación de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2

IntroductionThe pandemic suspended educational activities in more than 100 countries. This has had catastrophic consequences on the progress of individuals at all educational levels, causing delays and deficiencies in knowledge. The objective of the study is to identify and analyse concerns about the education of health sciences students during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Materials and MethodsA quantitative observational and cross-sectional study was conducted with an exploratory scope aimed at students in the field of health based on an analysis of primary data. A self-administered questionnaire was used as a collection tool. This population was studied using a semi-structured individual interview, with prior informed consent. ResultsA total of 2,047 responses were obtained. The greatest concern of health students is not building the knowledge and skills necessary to exercise their professional activity. The predominant feeling is anxiety. DiscussionThe role of health sciences students is overlooked. We must change the way we provide education to students in times of crisis.

Proposal for a Mining-Touristic Route in Parque Minero Industrial Mochuelo Bajo, Bogota. A Look from the Environmental, Social and Productive Factor

Minerals extraction processes are the foundation on which industrial societies are sustained. In Bogotá, the park Mochuelo Bajo emerges as an area of clay exploitation for the production of construction materials. This article aims to discover the geo-touristic potential of the area through the Integrated Approach for Assessing the Geotourism method. In addition, the investigation proposes the creation of a possible tourist route and the analysis of opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and threats in the area, in order to implement this proposal and to calculate the cost of the tour. The methodology consisted of a mixed approach with an exploratory scope, using as data sources, interviews, tours of the area, non-participant observation and secondary data, which were collected from the mines as well as from the inhabitants of the study area and in official information sources. The results obtained indicate the mining proposal has a high potential and so, the possible threats and weaknesses could be handled through administrative controls. Additionally, it was possible to locate a route with five areas to be intervened, and where the importance of clay in production processes, the different materials obtained from this, as well as the industrial evolution in the sector is highlighted.

Education and development for entrepreneurs in the canton of Atacames

Accounting and tax education provides the necessary knowledge for the development of entrepreneurs. In this sense, this research was oriented to analyze the fulfillment of accounting and tax duties in order to describe the needs required to strengthen the tax education of entrepreneurs in the parish of Atacames canton. Methodologically it is a descriptive study, with an exploratory scope, using a sample of 296 entrepreneurs surveyed and a review of the tax regime for microenterprises. As a result of the characterization of the entrepreneurs, all of them are not registered with the Internal Revenue Service; the largest number of entrepreneurs have Ruc, they are not required to keep accounting records, the type of business is commercial, the time in operation is more than four years, they did not know about tax laws, they do not keep records of income and expenses, a few have workers in their business, a minimum number of workers are affiliated to social security. In conclusion, the entrepreneurs were interested in receiving training in accounting and tax issues, in addition to learning about tax regulations to comply with their tax obligations.

A Husserlian contribution: concerning intentional movement and understanding in sporting activities

ABSTRACT This article contributes to an ongoing discussion within sports philosophy concerning how to understand intentional movement in sporting activities. The operations of ‘representation intentionality’, ‘motor intentionality’ and ‘muscular intentionality’ play an increasing role in the attempt to nuance the relation between mind, body and world involved in physical activities. While most scholars tend to reduce one aspect to the other, Breivik has suggested that we can gain a more integrated picture combining the different forms of intentionality as different layers of understanding in action. Though different perspectives of intentionality certainly illuminate different aspects of actions, we believe the ontological implications such an eclectic model entails exceeds the potential benefits. In this article we present a critical evaluation of the exact meaning and exploratory scope of these perspectives by entering into a dialogue with Breivik’s main sources, Rizzolatti, Merleau-Ponty and Searle. We argue that we can achieve a more consistent theory by reconceptualizing the different ‘layers of intentionality’ as different ‘levels of embodiment’ within a Husserlian frame of hermeneutic phenomenology. Finally, we empathize Husserl’s potential contribution to the field of sports philosophy illustrated through sporting examples with a focus on climbing.

THE GOVERNMENT AUDIT IN THE CONTROL OF PUBLIC RESOURCES IN MEXICO

This paper presents an approach of the Government Audit used for the control of public resources in Mexico, by the Superior Audit of the Federation. It is a documentary investigation with an exploratory and descriptive scope, the method of which will obtain the information from the results of the audits of the public account 2020 carried out by the Superior Audit of the Federation, where the number of audits carried out and the scal resources are observed.

Tourism and gastronomic marketing strategies to increase tourist flow at Hotel Tosepan Kali

Tourism and gastronomic marketing has served as a strategy for many destinations or establishments in order to be visited frequently, this promotes a more direct relationship between the consumer and the seller, which influences to achieve the positioning; however, there are some companies that do not have the appropriate elements for this, this is the case of the hotel Tosepan Kali located in the Sierra Norte of the State of Puebla, therefore, the objective of this research is to select tourism and gastronomic marketing strategies and tools to position it, as one of the most visited hotels in the destination. In this sense, the design of this research is quantitative, not experimental and transversal, uses a documentary and field technique with an exploratory and descriptive scope. A measuring instrument was used to find out which tools and strategies are preferred by the population of the states of Puebla and Morelos, with the results obtained, it was observed that the most used strategy is digitization through the use of social networks, and it was obtained that most of the participants trust more in the web pages and phone calls to the hotel to make their reservation.

The impact of COVID-19 on experiences of pregnancy and/or early parenting in Chile.

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has impacted families' mental health around the globe. In June 2020, 1163 parents of high (43%), middle (47%), and low socioeconomic status (SES) (10%) participated in an online survey developed to explore how daily life changes and restrictions that came with COVID-19 affected the experiences of pregnancy and/or parenting children under the age of 5 in Chile. The survey's design had an exploratory and descriptive scope, with a mix of qualitative and quantitative questions. With the aim of exploring differences before and after COVID-19, two time periods were established, and the 47-item questionnaire covered participants' sociodemographic information, support networks, health concerns, mood changes, self-regulation, adult and children's perceived well-being, parental competencies and parents' perceptions of the unborn baby and/or their children's needs. The results relative to retrospective reporting of pre-pandemic levels, showed an increase in children's crying and tantrums as well as in parental irritability and sadness. Additionally, decreases in the ability to calm down and sleep quality in both parents and children were identified. Finally, at a qualitative level, COVID-19 stands out both as an opportunity to get to know their children better and as a stressor related to parental burn-out and discomfort.

Risks and fraud: A theoretical approach

Objective. To explain fraud occurrence —under three theoretical models— and apply it to the organization’s hierarchy. Methodology. Based on the IIA risk outlook for 2021, an exploratory theoretical scope of analysis was constructed. Risks were considered under the umbrella of three fraud theories: Triangle of Cressey; Diamond of Wolfe and Hermanson; and Pentagon of Crowe. Results. Fraud occurrence may be explained by the perpetrator’s position across the hierarchical organization chart: where it is stressed that arrogance from the Pentagon fits the top management position; competence from the Diamond fits the middle management; and need, opportunity and pressure from the Triangle fit mainly the lower management. Conclusions. Fraud was considered under three main models, concluding that it may be explained through different worker motivations related to their management position in the company.

Marketing strategies for tourist destinations of the canton sucre

This study aims to generate reflection processes on the factors that influence the inclusion / exclusion processes of older adults who live in the Sergio Toral 1 cooperative in the city of Guayaquil to promote their participation and integration in their territory. This research represents a contribution to the city of Guayaquil, since it will not only benefit older adults, but, in turn, will deconstruct erroneous perceptions that society presents about aging, hoping that, through this process, direct, educate and transform the community into an inclusive group, leaving aside prejudices and stereotypes deeply rooted in culture. The research has a qualitative design with an exploratory scope. The data were collected through the application of surveys to the elderly, the inhabitants of the community (neighborhood actors), the interviews applied to the elderly, the observation and the social cartography constructed with the neighborhood leaders. Factors such as insecurity, lack of infrastructure, lack of accessible health centers, and fractured communication and interaction circuits between the population of the sector and the elderly affect the perception of exclusion of this age group.

How can ‘orare et laborare’ guide the person-technology relationship during the Fourth Industrial Revolution?

This article has an exploratory scope based on a theoretical-conceptual approach. The purpose is to shed light on how the human-technology relationship should be in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to discover the profound meaning of human work. We have elaborated our proposals from a perspective emanating from Catholic Social Teaching and Ethics, grounded in the connection between the transcendent dimension of life (represented by the verb ‘orare’) and labour activity (‘laborare’). Given the importance of humans' spiritual dimension and the new challenges presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, we examine which principles should guide the person-technology relationship to ensure the meaning of work in this new context. First, we scrutinise the vision of ‘work’ from an anthropological angle. Next, we investigate the characteristic features of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and we review these new circumstances' foreseeable impact from an organisational standpoint. Finally, we give recommendations to enhance the individual's spiritual dimension, work, and business decision-making.

Research in the Classroom: The Teaching of Economics and Gamification

This paper presents the preliminary results of a proposal to facilitate the understanding of concepts and the logic of economy in university students who are not enrolled in the academic program of economics. This proposal is based on the simulation game called Strategies and Markets in Economics (Estrategias y Mercados en Economía – EMERCO), which resulted from a research process in the classroom. The methodology has a qualitative approach and a descriptive type, with an exploratory scope. This study shows the functioning of the game, the selection of the team according to mentality type and brain dominance, in accordance with the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument. The game has novel elements in its structure by bringing the real functioning of a market to the classroom, achieving better results in regard to grades and in the assimilation of the contents in introductory classes and fundamentals of economics in higher education.

Sustainable management and its impact on the development of the shrimp farming sector in the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, México.

The operative context in which companies are currently developing has changed, moving towards a sustainable environment; innovating and migrating towards a business model focused on sustainable management leads to a better economic, environmental and social performance of the organization. The objective of this research is to diagnose the administrative practices carried out in the shrimp farming sector of the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, in relation to sustainable management. The research is based on a qualitative approach, through a multi-case study strategy applicable to 6 companies located in the study area, with an exploratory, explanatory, documentary and non-experimental scope. Categories are defined according to the three main themes of the research: management factors in the organization, commercial management and sustainability management. The results show that there are notions of the importance of the management of factors aimed at sustainability, however, there is still a vague ecological awareness in the sector. It is concluded that it is essential for the shrimp farming sector to develop strategies and guidelines aimed at achieving sustainable management, which will allow meeting the requirements of national and international organizations and the creation of economic and non-economic value.

Comparison of students' use and acceptance of emergency online learning due to COVID-19 in the USA, Mexico, Peru, and Turkey.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and pursuant to the governments’ order of citizens remaining at home, several countries were required to transition from face-to-face instruction to an online model to provide higher education to their students. While factors affecting the use of online learning are diverse and have been studied by models of use and acceptance of technology, this cross-sectional study explores the factors unique to the current emergency situation that influence students’ use and acceptance of emergency online learning. Moreover, it proposes a model to predict a student’s cognitive engagement in Mexico, Peru, Turkey, and the USA. This is a quantitative study with an exploratory and descriptive scope and cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 1009 students from the four countries, who completed surveys anonymously. The factors analyzed were attitude, affect, and motivation, perceived behavioral control (ease of use, self-efficacy, and accessibility), and cognitive engagement. The data was analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis. The predictive model shows that students’ attitude toward online learning impacts their cognitive engagement in Mexico, Peru, and the USA. Furthermore, self-efficacy is a significant moderator for cognitive engagement in all four countries. The model also shows that each country has different determinants for cognitive engagement. Understanding the factors that affect the use of emergency online learning is essential for the success and/or achievement of its maximum benefits in situations like a global pandemic. Limitations of this study have been identified as use of convenience sampling, and an inability to explore factors related to instruction and system attributes. Professors who did not teach online learning lacked knowledge about online educational strategies and used the technological resources that were immediately available to them. Therefore, research that explores the use of instructional strategies and the use of technological systems during emergency online learning is necessary. This study includes suggestions to incorporate open educational resources that use microlearning and emphasizes the importance of student self-efficacy; because it was predictor of cognitive engagement in all four countries. Faculty and higher education institutions can and should develop strategies to increase students’ sense of self-efficacy.