Animals Of Experimental Group Research Articles

The effect of butaselmevit and closaverm A on the immune status of cows with experimental fasciolosis sensitized by atypical mycobacteria

There are many reports in the literature about the critical role of the immune system in protecting the body against foreign agents. However, the role of immune status in the association of mycobacteriosis and fasciolosis has not been studied. The work aimed to investigate the effect of butaselmevit and closaverm A on the immune status of cows with experimental fasciolosis sensitized by atypical mycobacteria. For the trial, 15 cows of 4–5 years of age, black and spotted breed, were selected, from which 3 groups were formed, five animals in each. Cows of the first research group for experimental fasciolosis were injected intramuscularly with closaverm A at a dose of 0.5 ml of the drug per 10 kg of body weight. The animals of the second experimental group, for experimental fasciolosis, were intramuscularly injected with closaverm A at a dose of 0.5 ml of the drug per 10 kg of body weight and butaselmevit at a dose of 10 ml of the drug per animal. The obtained results indicate that the drugs “Klosaverm A” and “Butaselmevit” when administered intramuscularly to cows with experimental fasciolosis, sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, contribute to the activation of cellular and nonspecific links of immunity. It should be noted that a number of our research also established the stimulating effect of drugs on the humoral link of immunity, in particular, an increase in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum of cows associated with mycobacteriosis and fasciolosis. Using “Klosaverm A” and “Butaselmevit” drugs in experimental groups of animals helped reduce the level of CIC to physiological values starting from the 21st day of the experiment. It should be noted that according to the indicators of the immune system in cows with experimental fasciolosis, sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, the combined use of closer A and butaselmevit shows a better therapeutic effect than the use of only closaverm A alone.

Distribution, diagnostics of mycotoxins in feed and prevention of gynecologi-cal pathology in cows

The results of the study of the treatment of cows for gynecological pathology when feeding fodder affected by mycotoxins are given in a comparative aspect. To detect microscopic fungi and mycotoxins in fodder, organoleptic, physico-chemical, toxicological-biological chemical-mycological research methods and clinical methods for researching the condition of the organs of the reproductive system of cows using ultrasound diagnostics were used. The purpose of the research was the approval of methods of treatment of cows for gynecological pathology in conditions of feed contamination with microscopic fungi and their toxins. The tasks of the research were to study the species characteristics of microscopic fungi and their toxins in fodder for cows; establish the prevalence of microscopic fungi and their toxins; to determine the effectiveness of treatment of cows for mycotoxicosis in a comparative aspect with the use of sorbents and an estrogen inhibitor during gynecological dispensation. Black and spotted cows were used for research according to the principle of analogues, 4 groups were formed. The animals of the 1st group were healthy animals (n = 42), the animals of the 2nd experimental group (n = 43) were fed with a product based on eleolite (2.5 kg/t of feed), the cows of the 3rd group (n = 41) injected a means based on an estradiol inhibitor in a dose of 3 ml per animal, the 4th group of animals (n = 42) did not receive treatment during the experimental period. The mycotoxins deosinivalenol and zearalenol were found to be present in 22.02 % to 27.3 % of the examined feeds. At the same time, the presence of fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium was established from 1.45 % to 4.9 % of the studied samples. The best treatment effect was obtained in the 3rd group of cows. The number of cases of ovarian hypotrophy was 2.1 times lower compared to the 4th and 1.8 times lower in the 2nd group, but 1.3 times higher than the 1st group. Ovarian atrophy in cows of the 3rd group was 2 times lower than in the 2nd group and 5 times lower than in the 4th group. Pathologies such as endometritis and persistent yellow body were diagnosed at the same time and were 4.5 times less in cows of the 3rd group than in the 2nd and 10.1 times less than in the 4th. Taking into account the obtained data, it can be concluded that the use of a remedy based on celeotite reduced the manifestation of gynecological pathology due to mycotoxicosis by 1.65 times, and the use of a remedy based on an estradiol inhibitor by 3.94 times.

Improving the productive traits of steers when using selenium-containing feed additives in their rations

Currently, there is great interest in the use of selenium preparations in animal husbandry. Chickpeas are high in selenium and protein. The feed additive benut made on the basis of chickpeas has a high content of selenium. At the same time, an active interaction of selenium with proteins was revealed. In this regard, the study of the beef productivity of steers when using the drug DAFS-25 in the ration separately and together with the feed additive benut is important and relevant. The purpose of the work was to increase the meat productivity and quality of beef of steers when using the selenium-containing drug DAFS-25 in rations separately and in combination with the high-protein feed additive benut. In the experiment, the steers of the 1st control group received the main ration (MR); the 2nd experimental – MR + DAFS-25 (1,6 mg/kg of concentrates); the 3rd experimental – MR + 0,5 kg of benut feed additive (0,5 kg/head/day) instead of an equivalent amount of concentrates + DAFS-25 to ensure the content of selenium, as in the ration of animals of the 2nd experimental group. The beef productivity of fattened steers of Aberdeen Angus breed, indicators of blood composition, digestibility and assimilation of feed nutrients, beef quality and effi ciency of its production were studied. The economic evaluation of the research results showed that on average 1 head additional costs from the use of selenium-containing additives amounted to 140,6 rubles in the 2nd experimental group and 138,7 rubles in the 3rd experimental group. The use of these additives made it possible to reduce the prime-cost of 1 c of growth in the 2nd experimental group by 24,9 and the 3rd group by 265,8 rubles. Profi ts from the sale of beef in the 2nd experimental group were received by 84,4 rubles more and in the 3rd group by 574,8 rubles more than in the 1st control group. In the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups the level of profitability increased by 1,2 and 13,2 abs.% compared with the 1st experimental group, where it amounted to 27,3 %.

Life expectancy and productivity of sows of different types of adaptation

The paper presents the results of studies of life expectancy and reproductive qualities of sows of plus-adaptive, modal and minus-adaptive types of adaptation, the criteria for the selection of highly productive animals according to the index "pig-uterus adaptation type (TASv) (methodology of the author of the article) is determined, the economic efficiency of the use of animals in experimental groups is calculated The research was carried out in the agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State University "Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences". The work was carried out according to the scientific research program No. 31 "Genetic improvement of agricultural animals, their reproduction and preservation of biodiversity (Genetics, preservation and reproduction of biological resources in animal husbandry)".
 Evaluation of sows by indicators of long-term adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: life expectancy, months; duration of tribal use, months; received farts; all piglets were obtained, goal; received live piglets, goal; multifertility, goal; nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 30 days, kg; preservation of piglets until weaning, %. Biometric analysis of research results was carried out according to the methods of V.P. Kovalenko et al. (2010).
 The results of the study showed that the sows of the controlled population belong to the I class and the elite class according to the average indicators of multifertility and nest weight at the time of weaning. The coefficient of variation of these traits in sows of the large white breed ranges from 9.48 to 10.02%. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of sows according to the index "adaptation type of the sow", a reliable difference between animals of plus- and minus adaptive types was established for life expectancy, the duration of breeding use of the sow, as well as the indicators "obtained farts", "obtained live piglets total, goal", "multifertility, head" and "weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 30 days, kg". The number of reliable pairwise correlation coefficients between signs of long-term adaptation and reproductive qualities of sows of the large white breed is 57.14%. This biometric indicator ranges from –0.137 (tr=0.81) to +0.987 (tr=382.10). The criterion for selecting highly productive sows according to the "type of sow adaptation" index is 29.88-45.21 points.
 The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of the plus-adaptive type +2.88%, and its value is +79.51 UAH. / head / farrowing

Conditions of southern Ukraine pigs productivity under different methods of breeding in modern

The article presents the results of studies concerning pigs’ productivity for purebred breeding and innovative approaches to crossbreeding schemes in the South of Ukraine. In general, sows of all experimental groups had high productivity both in purebred breeding and because of combining different forms with each other however there was no heterosis effect on the sows’ multiplicity in crossbreeding of Large White breed and the complexity of combining the sows of hybrid origin. Young hybrid animals of experimental groups reached a live weight of 100 kg sooner for 2.6-16.4 days or 1.4-8.9 % and feed costs were lower 0.12-0.34 feed units or 3.4-9.7 % per 1 kg gain during the fattening period.
 The obtained results show that the proposed production of final hybrids with a conditional proportion of blood landrace Ч large white in terms of live weight is the most successful and adapted to the technology of moderate intensity. The use of purebred and local animals related to the so-called "White breeds" - Large White and Landrace, is characterized by increased intensity of formation and indices of growth stress. The obtained results additionally confirm the complexity of adaptation of non-ferrous breeds (Duroc and especially Pietrain breeds) to the technological conditions of domestic pork farms. Young pigs were obtained in combinations where the parental form was the breed: Large White, Landrace or Duroc had the best exterior features that characterize the development of animals in length. In combinations where the parent form was the Pietrain breed, the latitudinal measurements and the meat index were improved against the background of a decrease in body length.
 A morphological study of carcasses of young pig stock of different origin has proved that implementation of up-to-date crossbreeding schemes with the use of meat-type breeds as paternal lines results in improved carcass dressing percentage and optimised lean-to-fat ratio. As evident out of the physical and chemical analysis of pork obtained from pigs of different breed-of-origin, all investigated parameters are within the current physiological limits. Most parameters have shown no significant difference, though tended to exhibit some peculiarities associated with the impact of genotype on the manifestation of one or another physical or chemical characteristic. The use of Pietrain breed as a sire line results in decreased intramuscular fat content, and hence the energy value of pork, with the back fat having the highest melting point which is indicative of its enhanced storability, though slightly impaired cooking properties as compared to similar products obtained from the offspring of the Large White and Landrace parents. With respect to its pH level and water-holding capacity, the pork from Pietrain-sired offspring is quite similar to PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) meat being slightly less tender and paler in colour and exhibiting greater weight loss during thermal processing. Also, a comprehensive sensory evaluation of boiled pork and pork broth obtained from a group of the Pietrain-sired young stock has got the lowest score, which is consistent with most of the physical and chemical properties of pork from pigs of this genotype; therefore, it is 75% purebred Landrace that should be favoured as a terminal sire line in crossbreeding programmes in order to obtain pork and bacon of improved quality in intensive commercial swine production systems. It is recommended to preliminary combine Pietrain and Duroc lines to produce terminal sires (Pietrain Ч Duroc) which will be further mated with two-breed-cross dams (LW Ч L).

Preliminary study of the accuracy and safety of robot-assisted mandibular distraction osteogenesis with electromagnetic navigation in hemifacial microsomia using rabbit models

This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and safety of mandibular osteotomy and distraction device positioning in distraction osteogenesis assisted by an electromagnetic navigation surgical robot. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups after computed tomography. The control group underwent a procedure based on the preoperative three-dimensional design and clinical experience. Animals in experimental group underwent a procedure with robotic assistance after registration. The accuracies of osteotomy and distraction device positioning were analysed based on distance and angular errors. The change in ramus length after a 1 cm-extension of the distraction device was for assessing distraction effect. The preparation, operative and osteotomy times, intraoperative bleeding, and teeth injury were used for safety assessment. In the experimental group, the distance (t = 2.591, p = 0.011) and angular (t = 4.276, p = 0.002) errors of osteotomy plane, and the errors in distraction device position (t = 3.222, p = 0.009) and direction (t = 4.697, p = 0.001) were lower; the distraction effect was better (t = 4.096, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the osteotomy time and bleeding; however, the overall operative and preparation times were increased in the experimental group, with a reduced rate of teeth damage. Robot-assisted mandibular distraction osteogenesis with electromagnetic navigation in craniofacial microsomia is feasible, safe, significantly improves surgical precision.

Effect of liposomal drug based on interferon and extract from Silybum marianum on antioxidative status of bulls against the background of contamination of fodders by cadmium and plumbum

The balance between anti- and prooxidants in animal organisms in general and in each cell in particular is responsible for the regulation of many metabolic processes that provide immunocompetence, growth, development and protection of animals from oxidative stress, related to inflow of cadmium and plumbum. Therefore, the objective of our study was the influence of a liposomal drug based on interferon and milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) on the antioxidative status of the organism of bulls in the conditions of cadmium and plumbum loading. The experiments were performed on six-months-old Black Motley dairy cattle. The fodders in the farm were determined to contain high levels of plumbum and cadmium. The liposomal drug Lipointersyl inhibited the lipid peroxidation processes in the bulls. The drug components promoted the decrease in the level of intermediate and end products of lipid peroxidation, in particular 22% decrease in the level of diene conjugates and 20% decrease in TBA-active products. Intramuscular injection of the liposomal drug to bulls of the experimental group strengthened the antioxidant protection of their organism. On the 30th day of the experiment, blood from experimental group animals was seen to have a 9.8% increase in reduced glutathione. Assay of the enzymatic link of the glutathione system revealed that the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the blood of the animals that had been injected the liposomal drug Lipointensyl had increased by 24.0% and 27.7% respectively by the 30th day of the experiment. The experiments conducted on young cattle demonstrated that intermuscularly injected the Lipointensyl liposomal drug – against the background of cadmium and plumbum loading – promoted the activation of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection as a result of increase in the activity of its enzymatic and non-enzymatic links. The study of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities revealed that on the 30th and 40th days of the experiment, the activity of those enzymes varied within the physiological norms. Therefore, the analyzed Silybum marianum-based liposomal drug has antioxidant properties, it is recommended for young cattle in the conditions of contamination with heavy metals in order to prevent the development of oxidative stress.

Productivity and hematological parameters of blood of young pigs at fatten-ing for feeding protein vitamin mineral supplement

The article presents data on the productivity and hematological parameters of the blood of young pigs for fattening for the inclusion in their diet of a new protein vitamin-mineral supplement with essential oils, Efiprot. Plant essential oils are natural phytobiotics containing fat-soluble vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, volatile acids, aldehydes, and other biologically active substances with bactericidal and antiseptic properties, increased appetite, and secretion of digestive juices. Thus, they provide better feed conversion and increased productivity. Protein vitamin-mineral supplement Efiprot is for a diet consisting of barley grains (50 %) and wheat grains (35 %). The experiment was carried out on two groups (12 heads in a group) of young pigs, a cross of Large White and Landrace. At the beginning of the experiment live weight of the animals was 35 kg; at the end, it was 110 kg. Control group animals were fed a supplement without essential oils; experimental group animals were additionally fed a dose of essential oils (200 g per 1 ton of supplement). Feeding supplements with essential oils positively affected pig productivity and feed growth. The absolute increase in live animals of the experimental group averaged 68.6 kg, average daily was 762 g; the corresponding values of the control group were 63.8 kg and 709 g for 90 days. Feeding protein vitamin-mineral supplement (PVMS) increased average daily gain by 53 g or 7.48 %, while feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain was lower by 0.3 energy feed units or 6.69 % than the control one. Hematological parameters of pig blood fed by PVMS Efiprot corresponded to the limits of the physiological norm. At the end of the experiment, an increase in erythrocytes, total protein, and hemoglobin was observed in the blood of the experimental animals, which is consistent with an increase in meat productivity. A slight increase in the mass of basophils, eosinophils, and leukocytes is adaptive and incredible.

Dynamics of morphological and biochemical indicators of blood of young pigs using Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen ® Jump Start with different methods of their keeping

The article deals with the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start products, which contain specific Ig Y, which is characterized by pronounced immunostimulating properties. A comprehensive analysis of the use and influence of these agents on the morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of young pigs under conditions of intensive technologies under different methods of cultivation in different periods of their growth and development – 30, 60, and 120 days – was carried out. It was set that the use of the proposed means had a prolonged positive effect, which concerning hematological indicators, mainly appeared by an increase in the number of erythrocytes and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of experimental groups of animals of both farms of all age periods. It is worth noting that in the farm with single-phase breeding of pigs (FE PE “Glynyany Agro”) under the influence of Globigen®Pig Doser, the number of erythrocytes in the blood of animals was increased and, corresponding to the physiological norm, fluctuated between 7.09 and 7.43 T/l, and the concentration of hemoglobin, having reached the maximum value, in the blood of all experimental groups of animals was 108.62–112.77 g/l. In the farm, which practices three-phase pig breeding (“Meat Resources” Ltd.), under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser, a pronounced effect has appeared in animals 60 and 120 days old; the number of erythrocytes in their blood was increased to 7.46–7.69 T/l, and under the influence of Globigen® Jump Start, a tendency to a gradual increase in hemoglobin concentration was observed, which stopped at 99.28 g/l in 120-day-old piglets. Evaluating the level of protein metabolism in animals under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start, a tendency to increase the total protein content, compared to the control, in the blood of animals in all age periods in both farms was set. It was noted that under the action of Globigen®Jump Start, the total protein content in the blood of 120-day-old piglets from a farm with single-phase farming (FE PE “Glynyany Agro”) was 76.38 g/l, and in a farm with three-phase farming (Ltd. “Meat resources”) 75.08 g/l. In addition, it was set that the normalization of the ratio of protein fractions, in particular, the use of Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start, increased the synthesis of albumin and normalized gamma-globulin to the level of the physiological norm. The “Glynyany Agro” FE found a more pronounced effect with single-phase piglet rearing. It was concluded that Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start positively influence maintaining body homeostasis.

Study of the leukocyte profile in the mammary gland of lactating rats under the influence of oxytocin

During lactation, the structure of the organ and the composition of lymphoid cells change in the mammary gland. The change in the cells of the leukocyte series indicates a deep relationship between the immune system and the lactation process. The functioning of the mammary gland is under the influence of pituitary hormones and sex hormones, which change the cytological structure of the organ and the content of leukocytes in it. The studies were carried out on lactating rats. Were formed, one control group and two experimental groups of animals, 5 in each. Oxytocin was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.1 ml to rats of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. The structure of the mammary gland and the composition of leukocyte cells were studied before the influence of oxytocin, 5 and 10 minutes after the administration of the hormone. The mammary glands were dissected and impression smears were prepared. The smears were stained and lymphoid cells were counted using optics. Under the influence of the hormones of the adenohypophysis, during the lactation period, the glandular tissue in the mammary gland replaces the adipose tissue. Insulin, growth hormone are able to increase the rate of DNA synthesis, stimulate mitotic activity, due to which the cell mass of the developing organ increases. With the development of structural components characteristic of a differentiated secretory cell, the structure of the alveolus is formed. Along with the differentiation of secretory cells in the alveolus, the formation of the functional activity of the myoepithelium occurs. A slight increase in the number of lymphocytes in the preparations of the control group of rats was revealed. Under the influence of the neurohypophysis hormone, the composition of immunocompetent blood cells changed. The introduction of intraperitoneal oxytocin, after 5 minutes, stimulated a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes, compared with the control group, from 16,20±3.42 to 37,80±2.63 (p<0.001). By the 10th minute, on the contrary, there was a significant decrease to 5,40±1.48 cells (p<0.001). Monocytes and a small number of neutrophils were also established. The lactation and pre-lactation periods directly affect the functioning of the immune system, changes in the composition of its cells in the mammary gland and their migration through the hemato-milk barrier into colostrum.

SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE UTERINE TUBE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL NORM AND SIX-WEEK ADMINISTRATION OF OPIOID

The toxic effects of opioids on the female reproductive system are important for theoretical and practical medicine, because excessive use of narcotic drugs causes pathological changes in organs and tissues and can predict the negative effects of "nalbuphine" on the female genitals. The excessive use of narcotic drugs, the prevalence of drug addiction, the use of opioids by modern medicine for therapeutic purposes, creates the need to carefully study the effects of opioids on the body of women, primarily the organs of the reproductive system, because despite the successes achieved in diagnosis and treatment, female infertility is an urgent problem.
 Aim of the research: to establish and describe the features of the structural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of a female laboratory rat in normal and under conditions of prolonged exposure to «nalbuphine» according to the results of scanning electron microscopy.
 Materials and methods. The material of the research was the mucous membrane of the uterine tubes of 20 mature white female rats, aged 4.5–6.0 months with body weight 180–220, which were kept in standard conditions at the vivarium of the Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University. The structural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tubes was normally studied in 5 animals. Experimental animals were divided into 2 groups. The first group of experimental animals (10 rats) was administered «nalbuphine» intramuscularly once daily, in one period of time for 6 weeks. The second group - control animals - 5 white female rats, which were injected with saline. The method of scanning electron microscopy of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of the rat was used in the research.
 Results. Lesions of the reproductive system damage is an integral part of clinic both opiate addiction and intoxication of pharmaceutical remedies in particular the group of opioids. The connection between duration of «nalbuphine» administration and depth of changes of structural organization of mucous membrane of the uterine tube was established in the experiment. The obtained data show that the six-week administration of «nalbuphine» causes destructive changes in the mucous membrane of the uterine tube wall similar to long-term inflammatory processes, in particular, an increase in the lumen of the uterine tube, a decrease or absence of folds in certain areas of the uterine tube, a decrease in the number of microvilli of tubal exocrinocytes, and the occurrence of adenomatous proliferation of the tubal epithelium.
 The damage that has occurred indicates the ability of the opioid to cause irreversible changes with prolonged use.
 Conclusions. The connection between duration of «nalbuphine» administration and depth of changes of structural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube was established in the experiment. Prolonged administration of opioids causes irreversible destructive changes in the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of the female rat, which is manifested by the phenomena of disorganization of both endothelial cells. The damage that has occurred proves the ability of opioid in long-term use to cause irreversible changes and structure and function damages on all levels starting with structural. The results of the work can serve as a basis for the further search for optimal methods of correcting changes in the structure of organs caused by the long-term use of opioids.

EFFECTS OF LIDOCAINE AND LIDOCAINE-BUPIVOCAINE MIXTURE IN INFRAORBITAL NERVE BLOCKS IN DOGS DURING OPERATIONS ON MAXILLARY TEETH

The use of local anesthetics reduces the intensity of pain stimuli during invasive procedures, thereby reducing postoperative pain intensity. The aim of the study was to determine the onset, duration and extent of regional blocks of the infraorbital nerve and its branches performed by injecting lidocaine and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture into the infraorbital canal in dogs. Ten clinically healthy dogs, selected according to the principle of clinical analogues, were selected for the trial. Under general anesthesia, a pain stimulus was initiated by needle injection from the dorsolateral side into the gingiva of the maxillary canines, maxillary fourth premolars, and second molars. Changes in physiological indices were recorded on the patient's monitor.Heart rate and respiratory rate were measured. After baseline physiological indices were measured, 1 ml of 2% lidocaine solution was injected into the infraorbital canal (about two-thirds of the canal length) in one group and a mixture of 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine (0.5 ml each) in the other group. Data were recorded for 4 hours.When infraorbital nerve blocks were performed in the first and second experimental groups of animals, anesthesia of the maxillary canine on the anesthetized side was achieved in 5 and 10 minutes, respectively. But nerve blocks of the fourth premolar and second molar were successful only in 2 dogs of the first group and 1 dog of the second group, respectively. The average duration of nerve block for the maxillary canine was 110 and 203 minutes after injection of lidocaine and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture, respectively.Performing an infraorbital nerve block, as was done in this study, successfully blocks the innervation of the maxillary canine, but the results of nerve analgesia of the fourth premolar and second molar were inconsistent. This specific technique should not be used when extracting teeth caudal to the maxillary canine.

Dynamics of some indicators of metabolism and non-specific immunity of calves with enterocolitis

Intestinal diseases of newborn calves, including enterocolitis, are the most common diseases of the digestive system of young cattle. Diseases, as a rule, develop from the first days of life of animals. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of some indicators of the humoral immunity of newborn calves, as well as to assess the state of metabolism, taking into account the inclusion of probiotics and lipoic acid preparations in the treatment regimen for animals with enterocolitis. Sick animals of the first group (experimental I), in addition to the treatment provided for on the farm (diet therapy and antibiotic therapy), before feeding were asked inside 100 ml of probiotic starter culture based on the Enterococcus faecium L3 strain; to regulate lipid metabolism, a 0.5% solution of lipoic acid was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 2 ml once a day for 10 days. Sick animals of the second group (experimental II) were treated according to the scheme used in the farm. In calves of the I experimental group, in comparison with the animals of the II group, a significantly higher level of glucose, triglycerides and total protein in the blood was established. The amount of cholesterol was slightly higher compared to the initial level, but significantly lower than in the animals of the second experimental group. As a result of immunological studies, it was found that the indicators of nonspecific protection in sick calves of I and II experimental groups at 1-2 days of age had no significant differences. However, at the age of 10 days in calves, the studied parameters differed from each other BASK in the II experimental group was 42.7 ± 2.0% lysis, in animals of the I experimental group -50.4 ± 2.3% lysis (P <0.01), activity of beta-lysines 30.7±1.9%-lysis and 51.1±4.9%-lysis, respectively (P<0.01). Lysozyme activity of blood serum in calves of II and I experimental groups did not differ (P>0.05), and was at the level of 5.0±0.5%lysis and 5.2±0.9%-lysis, respectively. In the course of the studies, a positive effect of a probiotic based on the strain of microorganisms Enterococcus faecium L3 and 0.5% lipoic acid solution was established.

Feeding of replacement heifers during the rearing in the preweaning period

A rational system of rearing young animals taking into account the biological characteristics of animals should contribute to normal growth, development, formation of high productivity and a strong constitution, prolonging the terms of economic use of livestock. The purpose of the research was to analyze the rearing of replacement heifers during the preweaning period when using bentonite clay as a mineral supplement in diets. Three groups of heifers were formed to conduct research. Bentonite was introduced into the diet of the heifers of the 1st experimental group at the rate of 1 % of the compound feed composition, the heifers of the 2nd experimental group were input with 2 % bentonite into the compound feed, and the heifers of the control group did not receive bentonite. In the course of research an analysis of the infl uence of bentonite on the growth and development of heifers of Black-and-White breed up to 6 months of age in the winter period of their rearing was given. The feeding diets of heifers from birth to 6 months of age monthly were presented in the paper. It was found as a result that bentonite introduced into the diet of animals of experimental groups allowed to increase the digestibility and accessibility of nutrients in the diets. Thus, the coeffi cient of digestibility of dry matter in the heifers of the control group was lower compared with the herdmates of the 2nd experimental group by 2,02 abs.%. The organic matter of the animals of the control group digested less compared to the 1st experimental group by 0,29 abs.%, and from the 2nd group by 2,17 abs.% The coeffi cient of digestibility of crude protein in the 1st experimental group was by 0,65 abs.% less, and in the 2nd experimental group 1,63 abs.% (p < 0,05) more than in the control.

ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY BASED ON TOLTRAZURIL, TINIDAZOLE AND LEVAMISOLA

As a result of the studies, it was found that the proposed drug based on toltrazuril, tinidazole and levamisole hydrochloride according to the average lethal oral dose in accordance with GOST 12.1.007–76 belongs to the fourth hazard class - low-hazard substances. To assess the acute toxicity of the drug, experimental and control groups of whites were formed. Wistar rats weighing 190.2±5.92 grams. To study the acute toxicity of the drug based on toltrazuril, tinidazole and levamisole hydrochloride, a suspension was prepared using the Polysorbate 80 emulsifier. The prepared suspension in different dosages was administered through an intragastric tube to experimental animals and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the control group of white rats. With the introduction of a drug based on toltrazuril, tinidazole and levamisole hydrochloride at a dose of 3745 mg/kg, the death of two rats was recorded, which is 20% of the experimental group No. 5. With the introduction of the drug at a dose of 5350 mg/kg, 5 dead animals or 50% of experimental group No. 8 were registered, and with the introduction of 6420 mg/kg - 10 dead laboratory animals, i.e. all animals of the experimental group No. 10. When registering the body weight of white rats of the experimental and control groups, no statistically significant differences were found in the indicators for the entire observation period. At the same time, it should be noted that in the groups of experimental laboratory animals in which the drug was tested at a dose of 3745 mg/kg to 5885 mg/kg, lower values of body weight gain were established in comparison with the control. The minimum tolerated dose was found to be 3210.0 mg/kg, LD16 - 3679.7 mg/kg, LD50 - 5029.0 mg/kg, LD84 - 6121.5 mg/kg, LD100 - 6420.0 mg/kg and SLD50 - ±406. The data obtained allow us to proceed to the study of subchronic toxicity and irritant action of the developed drug.

Fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of different intensity of formation in early ontogenesis and intra-breed differentiation by melanocortin 4 receptor gene (Mc4r)

The results of studies of fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of different intensity of formation in early ontogeny and different genotypes of the melanocortin 4 receptor gene (Mc4r) are presented, the level of correlations between traits and economic efficiency of animals in experimental groups
 The research was conducted in Druzhba-Kaznacheyivka LLC of Dnipropetrovsk region, Jazz meat-packing plant, genetics laboratory of the Institute of Pig Breeding and APV NAAS and livestock laboratory of the State Institution "Institute of Grain Crops NAAS". The work was performed according to the research program of NAAS №30 "Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig products (" Pig breeding "). Evaluation of animals for fattening and meat qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: the average daily increase in live weight during the period of control fattening, g; age of live weight 100 kg, days, length of chilled carcass, cm; length of bacon half of chilled carcass, cm; fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm (Berezovsky, Khatko, 2005). Biometric processing of research results (Kovalenko et al., 2010) and calculation of economic efficiency of research results ("Methods of determining economic", 1983) was carried out according to generally accepted methods. It has been established that young pigs of the controlled population meet the requirements of class I and elite class in terms of fattening and meat qualities. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of large white animals by the gene of the melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r), the following was established. Young pigs of the Mc4r AG genotype outperform their Mc4r AA peers in terms of average daily live weight gain, age of 100 kg live weight, fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and chilled carcass length by an average of 4.50%. The difference between the groups according to the Tyler B. index is 11.82 points (td = 3.70; P <0.01). According to the average daily gain of live weight, the difference between young pigs of different intrabreeding differentiation on the index "intensity of formation" is 4.69%, the age of 100 kg - 3.10% and the length of chilled carcass - 1.23%. The number of reliable relationships between fattening and meat qualities, as well as the indices of "intensity of formation" and Tyler B. is 75.0%, which indicates their use in breeding and breeding work. The use of young pigs of the Mc4r AG genotype and animals of group I, in which the index of "intensity of formation" is 0.996 ± 0.0126 provided additional products at the level of +2.65 - +2.71%.

Dynamics of correlations of phenotypic features of individual development of young animals of different genealogical lines of gray cattle of Ukrainian breed

The results of the research of indicators of individual development of young cattle of gray Ukrainian breed of different genealogical lines are given. Based on the obtained data, the strength and direction of correlations between traits are calculated. The study was conducted at the Polyvanovka Research Farm and the Livestock Laboratory of the State Institution "Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS". The work was performed according to the research program №31 "Genetic improvement of farm animals, their reproduction and conservation of biodiversity. (Genetics, conservation and reproduction of bioresources in animal husbandry), tasks "Identify population and genetic patterns of biological diversity of the isolated gene pool of indigenous gray Ukrainian cattle".
 Evaluation of animals by indicators of individual development was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: live weight at birth, at 7-, 12-, 15- and 18-month-old age, absolute, average daily and relative live weight gain was calculated in the following periods: from birth to 7 -month age; from birth to 12 months of age; from birth to 15 months of age and from birth to 18 months of age. Biometric processing of research results was performed according to the methods of Kovalenko V. P. etc. (2010).
 It is established that repair heifers in different age periods exceed the minimum requirements for the live weight of the elite class by +0.28 - +7.67 %. The difference between the actual live weight of repair heifers at 12 months of age and the data of the Instructions for grading beef cattle is – 13.6 kg or – 4.94 %. Repair heifers of the Shamrin HU-41 line outperform their peers of the Petushok 191-U line in terms of the absolute increase in live weight during the growing period from birth to 12–15 months of age by 12.0–7.3 kg, respectively.
 However, the difference is not significant. The difference between the groups of experimental animals on the indicator "Absolute increase in live weight during the period of rearing from birth to 18 months of age, g" and "Index" intensity of formation (Δt), points "is 0.9 kg (td = 0.08; P> 0.05) and 0.039 points (td = 1.14; P> 0.05). The relative increase in live weight of heifers of the gray Ukrainian breed line Petushok 191-U and Shamrin HU-41 for the period of rearing from birth to 18 months of age is at the level of 148.2 – 175.0 %. The results of correlation analysis show that the number of reliable indicators is 90.0 %. This indicates the effectiveness of the use of indicators of absolute, average and relative gains in live weight for the period of rearing from birth to 18 months of age, as well as the index "formation intensity" (Δt) for early forecasting of gray animals in the early genesis.

Продуктивность кроликов при использовании в рационах кормления гидропонного зеленого корма

Aim. The study of the productivity of rabbits when using hydroponic green fodder in feeding rations. Materials and Methods. The experiment was carried out in the conditions of a mini-farm of the agrarian faculty of Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov. According to the principle of analogues, two groups of rabbits of the Gray Giant breed were formed at the age of 2 months. Each group consisted of 10 heads. The period of the experiment is 3 months. Animals of the control group received a general farm ration, the rabbits of the experimental group were nutritionally replaced with alfalfa hay with hydroponic green fodder in the amount of 200 g in the first month of the experiment, 300 g in the second and third months. Rabbits were weighed monthly to measure their live weight, and at the age of four months, measurements were taken to determine the rate of their growth and development. Economic efficiency was determined according to the accounting data for the costs of young animals growing and the cost of products sold. The research materials were processed on a PC using the Microsoft Office software package. Results. The conducted studies showed that the rabbits that received hydroponic green fodder with the diet surpassed the animals of control group in live weight after a month of growing by 10,15% (P≥0.95) and after three months – by 19.95% (P≥0.99), in absolute growth – by 37.23% (P≥0.95) and 33.36% (P≥0.99), relative growth – 21.1 and 5.4%, respectively. The massiveness index was also higher in the animals of experimental group by 7.1%. Conclusion. The use of hydroponic green fodder in feeding rabbits of the Gray Giant breed, along with an increase in live weight, contributes to additional profit and a profitability of 46.6%.

Evaluation of using a double helical, closed-cell stent-retriever (Skyflow) for thrombectomy procedures in acute arterial occlusion: A preclinical study and a clinical trial

Background and purposeStent retriever thrombectomy is the standard therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke with acute large-vessel occlusion. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new thrombectomy device (Skyflow) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. MethodsAfter an arterial occlusion model was established, stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and autopsy were carried out immediately after thrombectomy in six animals in the acute experimental group. Simulated stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed for three animals in the subacute experimental group, and follow-up angiography and vascular pathological examination were assessed 90 days after the operation. In the clinical trial, 192 patients with intracranial anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, within 8 ​h of symptom onset, were included to undergo thrombectomy with either Skyflow or Solitaire FR stent retriever. Efficacy and safety endpoints were recorded (including successful reperfusion, favorable clinical outcomes, time from puncture to reperfusion, instrument operation success rates and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 7 days for efficacy endpoints, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and all-cause mortality rates for safety endpoints). ResultsAll blood vessels achieved successful recanalization in the animal models. In the clinical trial, successful recanalization was attained in 88.4% of patients of the Skyflow group, which was comparable to that of the Solitaire FR group (82.5%) in the full analysis set of the clinical trial. There were no severe complications on DSA, an animal autopsy, or vessel pathological examination in animal experiments. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Skyflow and Solitaire FR groups in the clinical trial regarding the safety endpoints. ConclusionThis study showed that the new Skyflow stent retriever is safe and effective for the treatment of acute large vessel occlusion, as demonstrated in our animal study and human trial.

Comparative assessment of various methods of studying the skin toxicity of a wound-healing drug

The article presents the results of studying the subacute skin toxicity of a wound-healing cream based on betamethasone dipropionate, gentamicin sulfate, and clotrimazole. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD No. 410), the research was conducted using the classic method. When studying the effect of a wound-healing agent on the body of animals during long-term 28-day dermal application by the classical method in animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups, which received the drug in a dose of 0.5, 2.5, and 5 ml/kg body weight; respectively no significant changes were found in the body weight of the animals and the weight coefficients of the liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, and lungs. At the same time, in the animals of the II and III research groups, a slight increase in the concentration of hemoglobin was noted, respectively, by 1.3 and 3.9 %, the level of urea – 5.3 and 11.2 %, the activity of AST – 9.8 and 14.9 % compared to the indicators of animals of the control group. In these groups, there was a decrease in total protein concentration by 5.5 and 6.8 %, creatinine level by 3.1 and 5.3 %, and ALT activity by 6.5 and 9.7 %. The studies conducted according to the OECD No. 410 make it possible to obtain more informative data on the toxic effect of the investigated agent. In particular, it was established that the use of the researched drug in animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups caused a decrease in the weight coefficients of the spleen mass, respectively, by 19.1 (Р < 0.05), 22.4 (Р < 0.05) and 28.3 % (P < 0.05), hearts – 3.6, 4.6 and 7.7 %, kidneys – 4.9, 6.5 and 10.4 % and animal body weight – 4.5, 5.4 and 6.4 %, hemoglobin concentrations – 2.6, 2.9 and 4.4 %, leukocyte counts – 21.4, 16.1 and 15.1 %, hematocrit values – 1.9, 3, 6 and 4.0 %. The average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte (MSN) also decreased by 8.3, 6.9, and 5.1 %, and the average erythrocyte (MCV) volume was 5.0, 4.7, and 1.7 %. In addition, an increase in weight coefficients of liver mass was established by 10.8 (P < 0.05), 11.8 (P < 0.05), and 15.6 % (P < 0.05). When studying the effect of the researched agent during 28-day dermal application on biochemical indicators of blood serum in animals of the first experimental group, a decrease in the concentration of total protein by 5.8 % was established. Under these conditions, an increase in creatinine level, urea level, ALT, and AST was established, respectively, by 6.2, 18.8 (P < 0.05), 3.8, and 14.7 % (P < 0.05). It should be noted that the use of the researched product in animals of the II and III experimental groups caused an increase in the level of urea, respectively, by 28.6 and 35.7 % (Р < 0.05), creatinine by 8.4 and 3.5 %, AST – 16.4 (P < 0.05) and 11.3 % and the activity of ALT – 8.5 and 11.0 %.