Animals Of Experimental Group Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF COPPER COMPLEXES [CU(PTA)4]BF4 AND [СU(ACAC)2] ON RATS IRRADIATED WITH RADIOISOTOPE TECHNETIUM

One of the priority tasks of modern radiobiology is the search for new, effective radioprotective compounds. In this area, metal complexes with high antioxidant activity are of particular interest. In order to study the possible favorable radioprotective effect of two copper complexes in different oxidation states, [Cu(PTA)4]BF4 and [Сu(acac)2], on the irradiated organism, we studied cytogenetic parameters in 4 groups of experimental animals. Group I included intact animals; Group II consisted of animals exposed to technetium (Tc) radioisotope, which were intraperitoneally injected with an isotope with an activity of 4.8 mCi in a volume of 2 mL - "pure irradiation"; Group III consisted of animals that were intraperitoneally injected with the copper(I) complex [Cu(PTA)4]BF4 at a dose of 50 mg/kg in a volume of 2 mL one hour before the administration of the Tc isotope (“irradiation + [Cu(PTA)4]BF4”). Group IV included animals that received the copper(II) complex [Сu(acac)2] before irradiation. We studied survival and cytogenetic parameters, determined the mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and the percentage of polyploid cells. The survival rate of group II was 40%. In the group of intact animals, as well as in groups III and IV the survival rate was 100%. The dynamics of survival was described by regression equations, which make it possible, by means of extrapolation, to determine the change in the percentage of survival in the long term of the experiment and to predict the further outcome of the experiment. Investigating cytogenetic indicators, for all 3 indicators, a significant difference was found between intact and irradiated animals, i.e. these indicators can be considered as markers of technetium isotope exposure. In terms of proliferative activity, a significant difference was found in irradiated animals compared with groups III and IV, which indicates the radioprotective property of both the copper compounds. As for the [Cu(acac)2], when it was used in group IV and compared with others, we obtained a pronounced significant difference from the group with “pure irradiation” in all studied cytogenetic parameters. It was found that the copper complexes [Cu(PTA)4]BF4 and [Cu(acac)2] have the ability to prevent or mitigate the effect of ionizing radiation on an animal's body. Based on cytogenetic parameters, it can be concluded that these compounds promote reparative processes in the bone marrow cells of irradiated animals. Multiregression analysis of cytogenetic parameters confirmed the highest efficiency of the copper (II) complex [Cu(acac)2]. The results of the research indicate the need to continue work in the direction of searching for agents that have a therapeutic effect in radiation injuries.

Influence of premix for dairy cattle on milk productivity and milk quality of simmental breed cows

The paper shows the results of testing a new premix developed by scientists of the North Kazakhstan University named after M. Kozybayev. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the new premix compared to the manufactured P-60-1. For this purpose, 3 groups of heifers of 10 heads were formed (1 – control, 2 group – diet with premix PSVM-1, 3 group – PSVM-2). The inclusion in the concentrate part of the silage-hay-hay rations of heifers instead of the premix P-60-1 produced by the feed industry, the premixes PSVM-1 and PSVM-2 developed by us allowed us to increase the concentration in the dry matter of the cobalt rations to 0,49 mg, copper – to 8,60–8,67 mg, zinc – to 30,4–30,6 mg, manganese – up to 44–45 mg, vitamin A – up to 3250–3300 м.е. and vitamin D – up to 1289–1276 м.е. The milk yield of the experimental groups of animals at a probability level of p<0,05 exceeded the control by 1,5 kg per day. The content of milk fat in the colostrum of cows of group 3 increased (6,18±0,18% versus 5,13±0,16 in the control) and vitamins A and D, which is very important for the normalization of metabolism in the body of a newborn calf at a probability level of p<0,001. Enriching the diet of animals with vitamin and mineral complex allowed the heifers of the experimental groups to get more growth live weight from 72 to 140 g in the third group per day at p<0,001.

Evaluation of the efficacy of solid dispersion of fenbendazole against different stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Samara region

The purpose of the research is to study the efficacy of a solid dispersion of fenbendazole at different stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of young sheep. Materials and methods. Evaluation of the efficacy of a solid dispersion of fenbendazole at different stages of gastrointestinal nematodes was carried out in the farms of the Samara region on 35 sheep aged 7–10 months naturally infected with gastrointestinal strongylates. Animals were divided into experimental and control groups of 8-9 animals each. A solid dispersion of fenbendazole was administered once orally at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg of active substance to the animals of the first experimental group. Animals of the 2nd group received the substance of fenbendazole at a dose of 2 mg/kg. The basic drug – Panakur was administered to the sheep of the 3rd experimental group at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Animals of the control group did not receive the drugs. The efficacy of the drugs was calculated in the experiment of «control test» based on the results of coproovoscopic examination, as well as on the results of helminthological necropsy of the digestive tract of animals, 3–5 sheep from each group. Results and discussion. The solid dispersion of fenbendazole showed 97.8–98.2% efficacy against adult strongylates and 80.6–87.5% against larvae. The substance of fenbendazole at the same dose – 2 mg/kg revealed 33.0–41.7% and 16.1–26.9% efficacy respectively. The basic drug Panakur showed 95.4–97.3% and 46.7–73.9% efficacy against imaginal strongylates and larvae respectively at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg of active substance.

Morphological justification of the risk of mastopathy in cattle

Mastopathy, as it is known, is one of the fundamental reasons for the decrease in dairy productivity of cows, sanitary and technological properties of milk, as well as premature culling of animals. The purpose of this study was to present a morphological justification of the risk of mastopathy in cattle. The research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor Alexey Filipovich Klimov of the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K. I. Scriabin" and the breeding plant "Povadino" of the Moscow region. The object was Holstein cows. To conduct the study, an experimental group of animals (n=102) was selected from a herd of 1200 heads according to the principle of analogues, taking into account breed, body weight, age, number of lactations, reproduction index, which included clinically healthy animals (n=51, control) and experimental animals (n=51, mastitis). A comprehensive methodological approach was used, including a visual assessment of the state of the somatic systems of the animal body, macroscopic morphometry in order to determine the type of their constitution, the somatotype index and linear indicators of the mammary gland. Based on the conducted studies, anatomical and echographic parallels of the state of the mammary gland in the studied animals were established. In cows with mastitis, an increase in the circumference of the gland in comparison with the control group is accompanied by destructive changes in its excretory system in the form of massive fibrin overlays in the area of milk passages represented by heteroechogenic sites.The results obtained are basic in improving the methods of diagnosis and prevention of breast pathologies in cattle.

Отечественный ферментный препарат в комбикормах для молодняка свиней на откорме

Abstract. Rational organization of feeding is always one of the decisive factors for achieving high productivity of animals. An important task of modern pig breeding is to reduce costs by increasing the digestibility of digested feed nutrients by the animal's body. One of the significant ways that are necessary to solve the task can be considered the additional inclusion of biologically active substances in the composition of animal feed for farm animals, namely modern enzyme preparations of a new generation. The animal body needs them to increase the digestibility of nutrients coming from the feed. The purpose is to study the effect of “Feedbest P5000 GT” enzyme preparation as part of compound feeds on the growth, development and feed costs of fattened young pigs. Methods. In order to achieve this goal, a scientific and economic experiment was conducted on young pigs of large white breed aged from 60 to 210 days. For the experiment, 4 groups of young pigs of 12 heads each were formed according to the principle of analog groups, taking into account breed, gender, age, and live weight. The animals are kept in groups. To determine the effectiveness of “Feedbest P5000 GT” for the growth and development of fattened young pigs, weighings were carried out every thirty days and animal measurements were taken, in addition, the consumption of feed and residues for the next day was taken into account. The composition of compound feeds enriched with “Feedbest P5000 GT” enzyme preparation during the experiment allowed to increase the growth, development and reduce the cost of compound feed per unit of production of fattened young pigs. Results. The use of “Feedbest P5000 GT” enzyme preparation in compound feeds made it possible to increase the average daily live weight gain of young pigs by 4.8 %, 9.3 % and 6.8 %, to obtain a reduction in feed costs by 4.7 %, 8.6 % and 6.5 % compared with the young pigs of the control group. The best indicators were found in animals of the second experimental group, where the studied enzyme preparation in the amount of 90 g/t was additionally introduced into the compound feed. Scientific novelty. For the first time, studies have been conducted to determine the optimal dose of the enzyme preparation “Feedbest P5000 GT” in compound feeds for young pigs. The effect of the drug on growth, development and feed costs has been studied.

Effect of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel Powder Supplementation on Hemato-Biochemical Profile of Lactating Mehsana Goats

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of pomegranate peel powder on hemato-biochemical profile of lactating Mehsana goats. Twenty-four lactating Mehsana goats (7 days post- partum) were assigned randomly into four groups (6 animals in each) and stratified on the basis of their live weight and milk production in previous lactation. The experimental animals in T1 group were fed on basal diet while in T2, T3 and T4 groups were supplemented with pomegranate peel powder at the rate of 10, 20 and 40 g per day per head, respectively. The duration of this experiment was 120 days. The blood samples were collected at the end (120th day) of experimental feeding. The mean hemoglobin and packed cell values were non-significant among the experimental groups (the T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups). Likewise, there was no effect on TEC and TLC caused by the dietary addition of pomegranate peel powder in lactating Mehsana goats. The difference in serum biochemical parameters viz. glucose, total proteins, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, ALT, AST and urea were non-significant among T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups. The serum creatinine concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in groups T2 and T3 than the T1 and T4 groups. Based on the results, it may be concluded that pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel powder can be supplemented in the diet of lactating Mehsana goats up to the rate of 40 g/day/animal during the period of 120 days post-partum without any adverse effects on hemato-biochemical parameters.

Use of Alginate Polymer Polysaccharide Hemostatic Hydrogel 
 in the Treatment of Simulated Bleeding Stomach Defects

The aim of the study was to develop in vivo technique and study the potential of alginate polymer polysaccharide hemostatic hydrogel application in the treatment of experimental bleeding stomach ulcers.Materials and methods. The in vivo experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, the Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University. Twelve healthy laboratory animals (dog) weighed 7-10.5 kg were selected for the study. Each animal was exposed to two bleeding stomach defects: one of which was experimental, and the other was control. Bleeding arrest in the experimental group of animals was carried out by insufflation of powdered alginate polymer polysaccharide hemostatic for a bleeding defect (Patent RF №2762120). Control stomach defects were not subjected to endoscopic treatment. The results of the experimental study were evaluated according to the following parameters: the time of experimental bleeding arrest, the presence of repeated bleeding, the timing and quality of healing simulated defects.Results. Experimental studies have demonstrated that the alginate polymer polysaccharide hemostatic hydrogel applied in the endoscopic treatment of simulated bleeding stomach defects can significantly (P=0.000001) reduce the time of experimental bleeding, from 26.5(25.3-32.0) sec to 6.0(4.0-8.0) sec, and helps to reduce the regeneration time of experimental defects from 14.5(13.5-16.5) days up to 8.0(7.5-8.5) days (P=0.000001), while improving the quality of their healing.Conclusion. Thus, the use of alginate polymer polysaccharide hemostatic hydrogel is an effective method of treating simulated bleeding stomach defects.

Morphological and biochemical changes in the blood of piglets suffering from Eimeriosis and Balantidiosis

The purpose of the work was to study changes in the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of 50-day-old piglets spontaneously infested with Eimeria and Balantidia. An experimental group of animals spontaneously infested with Eimeria and Balantidia and a control group (n=5) not infested were formed. To examine feces for the presence of Eimeria, the McMaster method in Raynaud's modification, Balantidia - native smear was used. Changes in morphological and biochemical indicators of blood during the mixed course of eimeriosis and balantidiosis were determined. In the blood of piglets infected with Eimeria and Balantidia, a decrease in the hemoglobin content by 10.4% and the number of erythrocytes by 17.0% was established. At the same time, the number of leukocytes increased by 22%. In the leukogram, the percentage of eosinophils increased by 40.0%, rod- and segmented-nuclear neutrophils by 26.3% and 2.1%, respectively. The number of monocytes increased by 35.3%, which indicates the appearance of foci of inflammation in the animal's body. An increase in the leukocyte index of intoxication by 11.1% indicates the severity of the inflammatory process. In infected piglets, a decrease in total protein content by 6.5% due to a significant decrease in albumin content by 28.3% was recorded. An increase in the concentration of CIC by 23.5%, the activity of the enzymes AlAT and AsAT by 75.4% and 35.9%, respectively, confirms the development of the pathological process and the occurrence of accompanying structural and functional changes in the internal organs of piglets. During the mixed course of eimeriosis and balantidiosis in 50-day-old piglets, leukocytosis and eosinophilia, an increase in the number of rod-shaped and segmented neutrophils, lymphopenia and monocytosis are observed. Changes in indicators indicate an exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the body of infected piglets and a toxic effect in the places of parasitism - the small and large intestines. In the biochemical composition of the blood serum of piglets with the development of the disease, there is a decrease in the content of total protein and albumins, which is associated with a violation of the biloxintizing function of the liver, and an increase in β-globulins indicates a suppression of the immune response to invasion. An increase in the activity of AlAT and AsAT enzymes indicates the development of dystrophic processes in the liver, which plays a primary role in the neutralization of toxins produced in the body of animals. An increase in the concentration of CIC indicates the gradual development of the immune response to the course of the disease

A way to improve the safety and productive qualities of young cattle

Relevance. Beef is popular (among buyers) type of meat, which is due to its nutritional value and culinary properties. In turn, for the development of beef cattle breeding, it is important to reduce the cost as much as possible while respecting the high quality of meat.Results. The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of feed additives based on colostrum oil on the safety and productivity of young cattle. The diet of animals of the 2nd experimental group from birth to one month of age included feed additive No. 1 (fortified colostrum oil) at a dose of 20 g head / day, from 2 to 6 months — feed additive No. 2 (colostrum oil, protein hydrolysate and vitamin C) at a dose of 100 g head/ day. Young animals of the 3rd experimental group from birth to one month of age received feed additive No. 1 at a dose of 40 g head/day, from 2 to 6 months — feed additive No. 2 at a dose of 120 g head/day. It has been established that the introduction of feed additives into the diet of young animals helps to reduce cases of gastrointestinal disorders and increase the productivity of animals.

Comparative influence of mesenchymal stromal cells of different origin on DNA fragmentation of neuronal nuclei during ischemia-reperfusion of the somatosensory cortex of the rat brain

Relevance: One of the main causes of stroke in acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) is ischemia, which begins with the formation of an acute neuronal energy deficit with subsequent activation of the "ischemic cascade" reactions that lead to irreversible damage to nervous tissue. Aim: To compare the effect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different origin and human MSCs from Wharton's jelly lysate on neuroapoptotic changes in the somatosensory cortex of the rat brain in conditions of model ischemia-reperfusion (IR) performed by ductal cytoflowmetry. Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out using 165 four-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 160-190 g, which were subjected to bilateral 20-minute transient ischemia-reperfusion (IR) of the internal carotid arteries. After modeling the pathology, the animals were injected into the femoral vein (iv) with MSCs obtained from umbilical cord Wharton jelly, human and rat adipose tissue in the amount of 106 cells/animal. Other groups of experimental animals were intravenously injected with fetal rat fibroblasts in the amount of 106 cells/animal (in 0.2 ml of physiological solution) and MSCs from umbilical cord Wharton's jelly lysate in a dose of 0.2 ml/animal. Control animals were injected intravenously with 0.2 ml of physiological solution. The level of DNA fragmentation in the nuclei of neurons of the somatosensory cortex of rats on the 7th day after ischemia-reperfusion was studied by flow cytometry. The research was carried out on a flow cytometer "Partech РАС" of the company Partech, Germany. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed by Student's t-test. Results: The study noted an increase in the level of fragmented DNA in a group of animals with IR by 3.25 times 7 days after model IR. The performed treatment showed that in groups with transplanted MSCs of various origins and MSC lysate from human Wharton's jelly cells, the intensity of DNA fragmentation in the nuclei of neurons in rat brain somatosensory cortex reliably decreased in1.8-2. 6 times compared with the group of control pathology (IR without treatment). Conclusions: Experimental 20-minute IR of the brain of rats forms a persistent focus of necrotic and apoptotic death of neurons, which is manifested by an increase in fragmented DNA (3.25 times). Intravenous transplantation of MSCs of various origin and lysate of MSCs from human Wharton jelly has a therapeutic effect in model IR, which is manifested by a decrease in the processes of neuro-destruction and neuroapoptosis in the area of ischemic brain damage Such effect is a link to the polytrophic mechanism of MSCs neuro-protective action.

Meat productivity of pigs when using vegetable oils in diets

When a low fat content in grain feed, pigs lack energy, unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic), which play the role of biocatalysts in the body. With a shortage of fats, the growth of animals, especially young animals, slows down. The purpose of the work was to study the meat productivity of pigs when using vegetable oils in their diets. The results of the study of the chemical parameters of meat indicate that the quality of pork was due to the eff ect of adding oil to the diet in diff erent amounts, because under the same conditions of housing and feeding diff erent values of individual qualitative indicators were obtained. In animals of the 1st experimental group (1,0 % soybean oil) of Large White breed compared with animals of the control group, an increased content of total moisture in the muscle tissue by 0,46 abs.% was noted and in crossbreds by 0,37 abs.%, which indicated the best technological qualities of meat and less losses during cooking. The muscle tissue of pigs of the 1st experimental group in purebred and crossbred pigs contained 2,22 abs.% more fat than in the control group. There was more fat in the control group than in the 2nd experimental group by 1,60 abs.%. Pork in the 1st experimental groups both purebred and crossbred pigs due to the higher content of soy oil in the diet had a better organoleptic evaluation. The expediency of using vegetable oil when feeding young pigs of Large White breed and its crossbreds has been revealed. At the same time, the best results were noted when 1,0 % soybean oil was included in the compound feed. The dosage in the amount of 0,5 % soybean oil did not give positive results compared with the same dosage of sunfl ower oil in compound feed for the control group.

Морфофункциональные изменения в органах экспериментальных животных при применении фармацевтических композиций на основе низина

Abstract. The use of new drugs on highly productive animals is impossible without identifying the permissible consequences of the use of substances included in the composition on the functional state of individual organs, tissues and body systems. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to study the effect of the developed pharmaceutical compositions on the morphofunctional parameters of the organs of experimental animals. Methods. The study used 70 female non-linear white laboratory rats, which were given pharmaceutical compositions based on nizin in different doses for 30 days. During the study, biochemical and histological methods were used. Results. Significant statistical outliers have been established for a number of biochemical indicators that cannot fully indicate the presence or absence of a negative effect of the studied compositions on the functions of parenchymal organs of experimental animals, on the basis of which we conducted a histological study to detect morphological changes at the cellular level. In the experimental group of animals, where the dose of the developed compositions was 500 mg/kg, the structure of the organs corresponded to anatomical parameters, pathological processes were not detected. A study of the organs of animals receiving the developed compositions at a dose of 750 mg/kg revealed reversible compensatory changes in the liver and spleen. In the third experimental group, where the dose of the studied compositions was 1000 mg/kg, a number of pathological processes were registered, which were regarded as reversible pathological, however, the established changes characteristic of circulatory disorders in the vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the liver and kidneys were attributed to irreversible processes, as a result of which the dose is characterized as critical and is not recommended for use on highly productive animals. Scientific novelty. The morphological and functional state of organs of laboratory animals was studied for the first time when using new pharmaceutical compositions, which include nisin, silicon glycerolates and boron bisglycerolates.

Experimental study of quantitative and corpuscular properties of rat’s leukocytes under the influence of ore

Introduction. Mining industry workers are at risk, as heavy metal compounds that are part of copper-zinc pyrite ore can accumulate in their bodies. One of the sensitive parts of the body to the action of heavy metals is blood, in which leukocytes play a leading role.
 The study aims to explore the effect of copper-zinc pyrite ore on the quantitative and corpuscular properties of peripheral blood leukocytes.
 Materials and methods. A group of researchers have conducted an experimental study on 48 white mongrel male rats aged 3–4 months, weighing 210.5±10.5 g. For 30 days, an aqueous suspension of ore powder was orally administered to rats daily at a dose of 600 mg/kg of animal body weight. In the ore sample under study, the proportion of lead and cadmium was 0.060% and 0.009%, respectively. In accordance with the conditions of the experiment , the scientists have divided the rats into the following groups: a control group in which the rats did not receive ore; an experimental group in which rats received ore for 10 days; an experimental group in which rats received ore for 20 days; an experimental group in which rats received ore for 30 days. The researchers measured blood parameters using a veterinary semi-automatic hematology analyzer Vet Exigo 19 (Sweden), which determined the following parameters of leukocytes: total number of leukocytes, absolute number of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. We calculated the average volume of lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes based on histograms of the distribution of cells by volume issued by the device. To assess the statistical significance of the differences in variables, the authors used the Mann–Whitney U-test.
 Results. In the experimental group of animals after 30 days of ore intoxication, the average volume and number of granulocytes and monocytes increased statistically compared to the control. The authors have revealed a correlation between the parameters of cell distribution and the average volume in leukocyte populations at different times of ore intoxication.
 Conclusion. The effect of copper-zinc pyrite ore on the condition of the leukocyte link of peripheral blood was an increase in the average population volumes of all types of leukocytes by the 30th day of the experiment, due to a change in the ratio of the number of cells of different sizes and the degree of heterogeneity of the populations.
 Limitations. The limitation of this study is the model of oral administration of copper-zinc pyrite ore in the form of an aqueous suspension.
 Ethics. The authors have conducted the study in compliance with the "Rules of work using experimental animals". The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Protocol No. 5 of 13.09.2017.

Productivity and hematological indicators of pigs feeding the drug “Kronocid-L”

The effect of feeding the drug “Kronocid-L” with the content of chelated compounds of microelements on the productivity and hematological indicators of fattening pigs was studied. The experiment was conducted on two analogous groups of 75-day-old fattening young pigs, 12 heads in each, obtained from crossing sows of the large white breed with boars of the landrace breed. The experiment lasted 105 days and consisted of two periods: an equalization period (15 days) and a main period (90 days). Experimental animals of the control group consumed the main diet during the equalization and main periods. The compound feed “Grower” included corn – 25 %, wheat – 25 %, barley – 23 %, sunflower meal – 12 %, wheat bran – 7 %, soybean meal – 3 %, and BMVD – 5 %. “Finisher” compound feed included barley – 38 %, wheat – 24 %, wheat bran – 12 %, corn – 9 %, sunflower meal – 9 %, and BMVD – 4 %. In addition to the main diet, the experimental group was fed the “Kronocid-L” with the content of chelated compounds of microelements at 1 liter per 1 ton of water. The drug “Kronrocid-L” is a transparent green-blue solution that contains chelate compounds of trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, and copper), formic, acetic, orthophosphoric, lactic, citric, succinic, and benzoic acids in an amount of 19 % by weight in an aqueous solution. Experimental animals that received the drug “Kronocid-L” during the first stage of the primary period (75–110 days) and the second stage of the primary period (111–165 days) outweighed the pigs of the control group by live weight by 5.9 and 7.4, respectively %, with an average daily increase of 9.5 % (P < 0.05) for the entire period of fattening. Administration of the drug “Kronocid-L” to pigs increases the number of erythrocytes in the blood by 6.6 % (P < 0.01), eosinophils by 12.7 % (P < 0.05), rod- and segmentonuclear neutrophils, respectively, by 5.7 % (P < 0.01) and 8.09 % (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. At the same time, under the influence of the feed additive, there is a tendency to increase total protein content and a probable increase of albumins by 14.1% (P < 0.01).

Наднормативні концентрації хлороформу та сульфату алюмінію у питній воді та їхній вплив на метаболічні процеси в організмі лабораторних тварини

Objective: determination of the nature and features of changes in biochemical indicators in the blood of animals under conditions of chronic exposure to different concentrations of chloroform and aluminum sulfate in drinking water in an isolated and combined state to substantiate the criteria for hygienic evaluation of their adverse effects on the body. Materials and methods: combined effect of chloroform and aluminum sulfate on biochemical indicators. Results: According to the results of biochemical studies, it should be noted that the most pronounced changes were observed in groups of animals that were exposed to CLF and Al in isolation at the level of 3 MPC and 5 MPC, and in groups of animals with combined exposure to the specified substances - CLF + Al at the level of 3 MPC аnd 5 MPC. A decrease in the content of AsT and an increase in the level of AlT in the above experimental groups of animals may indicate functional disorders of the liver, especially its enzymatic function. The indicated changes in the content of glucose and amylase in the blood as indicators of carbohydrate volume may indicate the activation of the processes of glycogenesis and glycolysis in the animal body, which may lead to functional disorders of the pancreas. Іt was established that the nature and severity of the effects depended on the nature of the influence of the studied factors (isolated or combined action), their MPC levels, and the time of exposure. Conclusions. The nature and features of changes in biochemical indicators in the body of experimental animals during a six-month chronic sanitary-toxicological experiment with isolated and combined effects of chloroform and aluminum sulfate in drinking water may indicate metabolic disorders in organs and changes in the intensity of regenerative processes at the cellular level in response to the adverse effects of toxicants. Such a tendency to imbalance indicators can be a kind of indicator of metabolic compensatory changes in the body under the influence of a complex of factors, depending on the current level and duration of action.

The effect of feeding different doses of herbal supplements from Hungarian sainfoin on the growth and metabolism in the body of calves

There have been studied the influence of feeding plant raw material obtained from Hungarian sainfoin having an immunostimulating effect on the growth rate of dairy calves, as well as on morphological and biochemical blood parameters and natural resistance of the animal organism. Calves of the I and II experimental groups in addition to the main diet were fed a phyto supplement made of Hungarian sainfoin mixed with concentrates in doses of 150 and 300 g per head per day during 92 days. The use of herbal supplements in feeding calves ensured an increase in live weight in the animals of experimental groups by 11.0 kg (6.55 %) and by 11.7 kg (6.96 %) (p <0.05) over the period of scientific and economic experiment, compared with analogues of the control group. From the analysis of blood parameters, it should be noted that protein indicators were higher by 1.36 % (I experimental) and by 4.74 % (p < 0.01) (II experimental); there was an increase in hemoglobin at the end of the experiment - by 5.88 % (I experimental) and by 12.15 % (p ≤ 0.01) (II experienced). When determining the indicators of natural resistance, it was found that in calves of experimental groups I and II, the phagocytic activity of leukocytes was higher by 4.16 and 17.29 % (p ≤ 0.01), respectively, in comparison with control animals. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the most optimal dose for use in the diets of heifers is 300 g per head per day, fed to calves of the II experimental group. This is confirmed by the improvement of biochemical, morphological and immunological parameters of animal blood, as well as by higher values of their live weight gain.

Comparative assessment of morphofunctional properties of the udder of the first-calf cows the caucasian brown breed of various genotypes

Relevance. The caucasian brown breed of cattle is the most common in Armenia. It has been bred in the republic for more than a century and, due to its low milk productivity and the form of the udder undesirable for machine milking, needs further improvement. Consequently, the study of the morphofunctional features of the udder of caucasian brown cows of various genotypes in the conditions of Armenia is necessary and relevant for science and practice.Methods. The object of the study is the first-calf cows of the Caucasian brown breed of various genotypes. For the experiment, 4 groups of first-calf cows of various genotypes were formed, 20 heads each: the control group — purebred caucasian brown cows first-heifers; 1st experimental — half-blood crossbreeds (1/2 caucasian brown x 1/2 holstein); 2nd experimental — two-breed crossbreeds (3/4 caucasian brown x 1/4 holstein); 3rd experimental — three-breed crossbreeds (5/8 caucasian brown x 1/8 jersey x 1/4 holstein). In the second and third months of lactation, the udders of experimental groups of animals were examined and studied by visual assessment, taking measurements and calculation methods.Results. A comparative study of the morphological features and functional properties of the udder of firstcalf cows of various genotypes has shown that the crossing of Caucasian brown cattle with producing bulls of Holstein and Jersey breeds has a positive effect on the level of milk productivity, the shape of the udder of cows and the rate of milk production, which is of great importance in industrial milk production technology.

Immunopharmacological aspects of studying immunotropic properties of a novel biocompound

The article presents an experimental study of immunotropic activity of a new compound, a metabiotic, based on metabolites (biologically active substances) produced by a of saprophytic Bacillus subtilis B-9909 strain, being safe for health and standardized at Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (RNCIM). The aim of our study was to experimentally evaluate the immunotropic effects of metabolites produced by the probiotic Bacillus subtilis B-9909 upon the parameters of cellular immunity tested in the animal model of induced toxic liver damage. The metabolites were isolated from the cultural liquid of Bacillus subtilis culture (RNCIM strain B-9909) during its deep cultivation in a medium containing hydrochloric acid hydrolyzate of soy flour, or pancreatic hydrolyzate of casein. At 16-18 hours of cultivation, the cells were in the exponential growth phase. The indices of cellular status were studied in experimental groups of animals, when assessing therapeutic efficacy of an experimental metabiotic sample, as compared to a group of laboratory animals treated with the reference drug (ursosan). We assessed the quantitative indicators of blood as follows: determination of phagocytic activity (FA) of peripheral blood neutrophils; measurement of metabolic activity in peripheral blood neutrophils by means of NBT-test; quantitative determination of T and B lymphocytes; the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC). Liver damage was studied in a model of acute toxic hepatitis in albino rats. Experimental toxic hepatitis was induced by 40% solution of CCl4 in vaseline oil injected intragastrically for 2 weeks at the dose of 0.2 g/kg. The results of experimental studies showed activation of phagocytic activity by peripheral blood neutrophils at the early terms of experiment, being also confirmed by the results of NBT-testing. Moreover, at the early observation terms, a significantly increased representation of T and B lymphocyte populations as well as AFC numbers, were revealed thus suggesting activation of all components of cellular immunity in response to the carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Thus, the reported studies on the cellular status of laboratory animals treated with metabolites produced by probiotic microorganisms of the genus Bacillus subtilis (B-9909) on laboratory animals with toxic liver damage allow us to conclude that the test sample of this metabiotic preparation exerts a significant immunomodulatory effect, when compared with ursosan. This evidence allows us to consider this compound a promising candidate drug for a new hepatoprotector with immunotropic effect.

Effect of Herbal Feed Additives on Goat Milk Volatile Flavor Compounds.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of herbal supplements administered to goats on sensory quality and volatile flavor compounds in their milk. The experiment was conducted on sixty Polish white improved goats randomly allocated into five feeding groups (four experimental and one control) of twelve goats each. The trial lasted 12 weeks. The experimental animals received supplements containing a mixture of seven or nine different species of herbs at 20 or 40 g/animal/day. The control group received feed without any herbal supplements. Milk obtained from experimental and control groups of animals was characterized by a low content of aroma compounds, with only 11 chemical compounds being identified. Decanoic methyl ester, methylo 2-heptanone and methylo-butanoic methyl ester had the highest share in the total variability of the tested aroma compounds (PCA). During the sensory evaluation, the smell and taste of most of the samples were similar (p > 0.05). However, the addition of herbal feed supplements lowered the concentration of Caproic acid (C6:0), Caprylic acid (C8:0) and Capric acid (C10:0), which caused a significant reduction in the goaty smell of milk. The obtained results indicate that the studied herbal supplements can reduce the intensity of goaty smell and allow goat milk production without modification of other sensory features.

Restoration of the morphofunctional state of rats lungs with experimental fibrosis through transplanted stem cells

Aim. To investigate the therapeutic effect of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow on the restoration experimentally damaged lung tissue in rats with induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods. Female Wistar rats were utilized in the study. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced experimentally in the animals by administering bleomycin hydrochloride via transthoracic injection during a 45-day preparatory period. At the end of this period, all animals exhibited clinically manifested symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis. To assess the changes in the organism due to pulmonary fibrosis, blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage samples, and lung tissue were randomly collected from five affected animals. The remaining animals were divided into four experimental groups, each consisting of five animals. In the first experimental group, allogeneic MSC were administered intrathoracically. In the second experimental group, allogeneic MSC were administered intravenously. The third experimental group received conventional treatment using medication, while the fourth experimental group (control) received placebo intrathoracically, without any active agents. Additionally, a separate fifth experimental group comprised intact (healthy) animals. The stem cells used in the experiments were obtained from the bone marrow samples of young, clinically healthy donor rats’ tibia, humerus, or femur (Mazurkevych et al, 2014). Throughout the 45-day experiment, the animals in all experimental groups were monitored using clinical examination indices. At the end of the testing period, the animals were eutha- nized, and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissue samples were collected for laboratory analyses. The analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage involved microscopic examination of the collected fluid to determine cell composition, while hematological analysis encompassed the quantification of erythrocyte and leukocyte counts. Histological examination of lung tissue samples involved microscopic analysis of the lung tissue histostructure. Results. Following the implementation of the proposed treatment methods, it was observed on day 45 of the experiment that transplanted allogeneic MSC facilitated an increased activity in the restoration of pathologically altered lung parenchyma. The effectiveness of this process varied depending on the method of MSC application. Notably, animals in the first experimental group exhibited the absence of symptoms such as coughing and hypoxia by day 45. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in the indices of erythrocyte count to 7.18 ± 0.05 t/l (р < 0.001) and total leukocyte count to 10.6 ± 0.92 g/l (р < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed a complete restoration of lung tissue structure, reaching 90 % when compared to the control group. In the second experimental group, a significant decrease was noted in the total leukocyte count to 11.32 ± 0.48 g/l (р < 0.01) and erythrocyte count to 6.87 ± 0.18 t/l (р < 0.001). Histologically, the regenerative processes exhibited lower activity, reaching 70–80 % compared to the animals in the first group. Fibrous areas were observed but of smaller size than those in the conventional treatment group. In the third experimental group, despite the normalization of laboratory testing indices, namely a decrease in erythrocyte count to 7.62 ± 0.11 t/l (р < 0.001) and leukocyte count to 9.46 ± 0.54 g/l (р < 0.001), occasional fibrosis areas and thicker alveolar walls were still present in the histological structure of the lungs. The fibrosis areas decreased by only 20–30 %. Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that the application of mesenchymal stem cells is a more effective approach to cell therapy for the restoration of pathologically altered lung tissue in rats with experimentally induced pulmonary fibrosis compared to conventional treatment. Traditional medication-based treatment over the 45-day experiment led to the normalization of clinical indices and laboratory tests but did not result in complete restoration of the damaged lung tissue structure. These results underscore the advantages of employing allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in the therapy of pulmonary fi brosis, indicating their potential for further investigation and clinical application.