Morphological justification of the risk of mastopathy in cattle

Abstract

Mastopathy, as it is known, is one of the fundamental reasons for the decrease in dairy productivity of cows, sanitary and technological properties of milk, as well as premature culling of animals. The purpose of this study was to present a morphological justification of the risk of mastopathy in cattle. The research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor Alexey Filipovich Klimov of the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K. I. Scriabin" and the breeding plant "Povadino" of the Moscow region. The object was Holstein cows. To conduct the study, an experimental group of animals (n=102) was selected from a herd of 1200 heads according to the principle of analogues, taking into account breed, body weight, age, number of lactations, reproduction index, which included clinically healthy animals (n=51, control) and experimental animals (n=51, mastitis). A comprehensive methodological approach was used, including a visual assessment of the state of the somatic systems of the animal body, macroscopic morphometry in order to determine the type of their constitution, the somatotype index and linear indicators of the mammary gland. Based on the conducted studies, anatomical and echographic parallels of the state of the mammary gland in the studied animals were established. In cows with mastitis, an increase in the circumference of the gland in comparison with the control group is accompanied by destructive changes in its excretory system in the form of massive fibrin overlays in the area of milk passages represented by heteroechogenic sites.The results obtained are basic in improving the methods of diagnosis and prevention of breast pathologies in cattle.