Product Expansion Research Articles

Amazon Deforestation and Global Meat Consumption Trends: An Assessment of Land Use Change and Market Data from Rondônia That Shows Why We Should Consider Changing Our Diets

This paper seeks to elucidate the interrelationship between global meat consumption and deforestation in the Amazon region. To this end, empirical research is conducted to investigate land use changes in Rondônia and the expansion of pasture areas and beef production. Brazil is one of the largest beef producers in the world, with products destined for local and global markets. Based on bibliographical research, the paper analyzes maps of land use change between 1985 and 2021, using Landsat satellite imagery and the MapBiomas methodology for Landsat mosaic and classification. The research shows that beef from Rondônia is primarily purchased and consumed in Brazil, but it is also bought and sold on the international market. Landsat imagery analysis shows the predominance of forest conversion to pasture in Rondônia. The results show that deforestation in the Amazon is directly linked to the growth of cattle ranching. Land use change from native forest to pasture for beef cattle production is a reality in the Brazilian Amazon, especially in Rondônia. It suggests the urgent need for more conscious consumption and production practices as well as ethical and sustainable eating habits.

Improving the five-point bootstrap

We present a new algorithm for the numerical evaluation of five-point conformal blocks in d-dimensions, greatly improving the efficiency of their computation. To do this we use an appropriate ansatz for the blocks as a series expansion in radial coordinates, derive a set of recursion relations for the unknown coefficients in the ansatz, and evaluate the series using a Padé approximant to accelerate its convergence. We then study the 〈σσϵσσ〉 correlator in the 3d critical Ising model by truncating the operator product expansion (OPE) and only including operators with conformal dimension below a cutoff ∆ ⩽ ∆cutoff. We approximate the contributions of the operators above the cutoff by the corresponding contributions in a suitable disconnected five-point correlator. Using this approach, we compute a number of OPE coefficients with greater accuracy than previous methods.

Nexus between infrastructural development and economic growth: Evidence from Bangladesh through auto-regressive distributive lag and nonlinear auto regressive distributive lag analysis

This study aims to scrutinize the influence of infrastructure on the economic growth of Bangladesh, employing an extensive time series analysis spanning from 1973 to 2020. Utilizing Principle Component Analysis, two distinct indices were constructed to gauge the dimensions of economic and social infrastructure. Subsequently, Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) bound tests were employed to assess the existence of long-run relationships among the variables under examination. The findings indicate a significant and positive contribution of economic infrastructure to both long and short-term production expansion. Upon further disaggregation into negative and positive shocks, consistent results emerge. An increase (decrease) in the economic infrastructure (EI) index by one unit corresponds to an upsurge (subside) of 0.16% (0.17%) in economic growth. In contrast, social infrastructure (SI) exhibits no significant long-run association with GDP growth. The discerned pattern suggests that EI play a pivotal role in driving aggregate output, while SI display a lag. Despite this, it is imperative to underscore the importance of SI for human development. Consequently, adopting a comprehensive and strategic approach, encompassing vision, ensuring quality inclusivity, and anti-corruption measures, is imperative for Bangladesh to fully realize the transformative potential of its infrastructure investments and foster sustained economic growth.

Stone fruit crops market development in Ukraine and throughout the world

he current state of the stone fruit market in Ukraine, the price situation, and the development of foreign trade are analyzed. The issue of production and sale of fruits in the world is considered. It has been established that peaches and nectarines occupy the first place among stone fruits in terms of world production. China is the leader among world producers of stone fruits. It was determined that the needs of the population of Ukraine in stone fruits relative to the consumption rate, due to its low paying demand, are met by only 70%. Due to the concentration of the main production of these fruits in households, there is differentiation in the level of consumption. After all, the chaotic nature of their production and sale cannot ensure uniformity and sufficiency. In our opinion, Ukrainian stone fruits remain less competitive in terms of prices than imported ones due to undeveloped infrastructure and insufficient government support for the horticulture market. The purpose of the research is to reveal the features of the formation of the conjuncture of the global and domestic stone fruit market and further development prospects. The variability of the market of stone fruits is manifested in the change of its conjuncture. The study of the latter was carried out based on a set of economic indicators divided into groups: production, internal turnover, foreign trade, price. In the process of research, the dialectical method of understanding market processes and the systematic approach, analytical generalizations, statistical comparison, constructive-calculation, abstract-logical method were used. It was established that the structure and saturation of the stone fruit market is insufficiently efficient and requires an additional expansion of the quality product offer to meet the needs of consumers. The basis for this should be an increase in production volumes by horticultural enterprises. This requires additional state support, in particular for solving pricing, investment, lending and insurance issues. The problem of selling stone fruits remains acute. This is due to the insufficient development of the processing industry and the lack of storage facilities for enterprises. This limits the formation of marketable batches of fruits for export. We believe that in the near future, in order to optimally meet the needs of consumers with fruits, it is necessary to develop a long-term program for the development of the internal market of stone fruits. It is necessary to take into account the possibilities of financial state support of the horticulture industry and forecast indicators of demand provision. Key words: market, stone fruits, consumption, supply, demand, export, import, price.

Land cover change assessment in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam using GIS and remote sensing techniques

The expansion of agricultural production and urbanization has led to the depletion of the global forest ecosystem, resulting in land cover changes (LCCs) that pose threats to the land environment. Therefore, it is imperative to identify these LCCs as an essential step toward resolution and mitigation. This study aims to evaluate temporal LCCs in Thai Nguyen province by utilizing GIS and remote sensing techniques (RST) to analyze high-resolution satellite imagery spanning from 2001 to 2023. LCCs were identified using semi-automatic classification plugin (SCP) techniques with Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images in ERVI software. The accuracy of the LCC maps was validated through post-classification comparisons, yielding high precision rates ranging from 87% to 96%. The results indicate a significant reduction in forest cover area, declining by 1018 ha from 226,18 ha in 2001 to 207,22 ha in 2023. This decline primarily occurred in urban areas, highlighting the intensification of urbanization processes. Cultivated and bare land experienced a minor decrease and a substantial decrease from 18,631 ha and 105,000 ha to 16,578 ha and 86,82 ha between 2001 and 2010, followed by a slight increase and a significant increase to 5,069 ha and 24,487 ha (1.4% and 6.9%) during the 2010-2023 period. These findings underscore the escalating risk of diminishing forest cover in the study area.

ROMANIAN VEGETABLES – A TRADE BALANCE ANALYSIS

In the post-accession period, along with the repositioning of various crops and expansion of cereals and oilseeds production, areas under vegetables and potatoes and their respective productions decreased. Nevertheless, demand increased in quantities, as well as in quality and diversity, and the result was a significant increase in imports. The present paper makes a detailed analysis of the main trends of trade flows in vegetables and potatoes, in terms of values, quantities, prices, directions and composition. The results show a significant increase in the share of imports in the availabilities of agri-food products for consumption, along with an increase of trade deficit for almost all kinds of vegetables.

Spatiotemporal drivers of Nature's contributions to people: A county-level study

Nature's contributions to people (NCP) encompass both the beneficial and detrimental effects of living nature on human quality of life, including regulatory, material, and non-material contributions. Globally, vital NCPs have been deteriorating, accelerated by changes in both natural and anthropogenic drivers over recent decades. Despite the often inevitable trade-offs between NCPs due to their spatially and temporally uneven distributions, few studies have quantitatively assessed the impacts of different drivers on the spatial and temporal changes in multiple NCPs and their interrelationships. Here we evaluate the effects of precipitation, temperature, population, gross domestic product, vegetation restoration, and urban expansion on four key regulatory NCPs—habitat maintenance, climate regulation, water quantity regulation, and soil protection—in Nei Mongol at the county level. We observe increasing trends in climate regulation and soil protection from 2000 to 2019, contrasted with declining trends in habitat maintenance and water quantity regulation. We have identified the dominant positive and negative drivers influencing each NCP across individual counties, finding that natural drivers predominantly overpowered anthropogenic drivers. Furthermore, we discover significant spatial disparities in the trade-off or synergy relationships between NCPs across the counties. Our findings illustrate how the impacts of various drivers on NCPs and their interrelationships can be quantitatively evaluated, offering significant potential for application in various spatial scales. With an understanding of trade-offs and scale effects, these insights are expected to support and inform policymaking at both county and provincial levels.

The Value Chain and Sustainable Efficiency of Industrial Potatoes Through an Entrepreneur

This research was driven by the need for sustainable and efficient farming, productivity, and market expansion. This study mapped the industrial potato value chain, identified key stakeholders and their responsibilities, and assessed value chain linkages. This case study employed purposive sampling. The industrial potato value chain includes input suppliers, producers, processors, traders, and consumers, according to the research. Agricultural entrepreneurs are vital to the industrial potato value chain. He chose the Sharazur Plain, Kalar City, and Penjwin districts of Sulaimani Governorate in Iraq's Kurdistan Region for industrial potato production. Additionally, the entrepreneur has entered into agreements with Green Iraq Company as a processor, input supplier, and a chain supporter of the industrial potato value chain. The company has a significant role in enhancing producers to produce industrial potatoes, Lay's Chips is manufactured by a company in Sulaimani governorate/Bazian region. The study demonstrates that the implementation of contractual agreements may lead to a win-win situation for all parties involved. This reduces the farmer's risk by promoting cultivation and guaranteeing the firm has enough raw materials for processing. According to this study, universities, research centers, and agricultural departments have no role in the industrial potato value chain.

Market Research as The Architect of Informed Marketing Planning and Decision Making in Business Organization: A Literature Review

This study is focused on market research as the architect of informed marketing planning and decision making in business organizations. The objectives of the study are to critically and contextually examine the development of a company or business through proper planning, organization and control of both human and material resources to satisfy all specific needs within the market at the right time, ascertain the satisfaction of customer’s specific needs through required product or service which should comply with a customer’s requirements and preferences when consumed, determine the economical degree of success or failure a company can have while being new to the market or otherwise introducing new products or services , thus providing certainty to all actions to be implemented, and determine the orientation or disposition of small-scale business owners/operators in terms of customer orientation versus company/profit orientation. The study identifies and exploits market research and its components, business needs for market research, business failure, marketing planning and marketing decision-making; highlights methods / techniques of conducting market research, examples of market research and the best practices for market research to deliver value to organizations that help shape strategy, uncover opportunities, reducing uncertainty and make data-driven decisions and a razor-sharp focus on efficient growth. The findings of the study are that new product development and launch needs adequate market research, the final design of a product and its positioning needs market research, market research only works when subjects are honest and open to participating and the viability of a new product and how it might perform in the real world is dependent on market research, and that the small business owners claim to be alert to customer complaints and are market-driven, among others. The study concluded that market research is vital in today’s business landscape as it is the compass that guides product development, marketing campaigns and expansion efforts, ensuring resources are invested wisely. We, therefore, recommended that management of organizations should use the result of market research to inform the final design of the product and determine how it will be positioned in the market place, and management of organizations should also take note that the whole business activities must be preceded with market research, and sales forecasting to provide a sound, factual, consumer-oriented basis for planning business processes, and marketing practitioners must play the leading role in this direction, among others.

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Multi-Scenario Simulation of Non-Grain Production on Cultivated Land in Jiangsu Province, China

Cultivated land plays a crucial role as the basis of grain production, and it is essential to effectively manage the unregulated expansion of non-grain production (NGP) on cultivated land in order to safeguard food security. The study of NGP has garnered significant attention from scholars, but the prediction of NGP trends is relatively uncommon. Therefore, we focused on Jiangsu Province, a significant grain production region in China, as the study area. We extracted data on cultivated land for non-grain production (NGPCL) in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019, and calculated the ratio of non-grain production (NGPR) for each county unit in the province. On this basis, Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and spatial autocorrelation analysis tools were utilized to uncover the spatio-temporal evolution of NGP in Jiangsu Province. Finally, the Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model was utilized to predict the trend of NGP in Jiangsu Province in 2038 under the three development scenarios of natural development (NDS), cultivated land protection (CPS), and food security (FSS). After analyzing the results, we came to the following conclusions:(1) During the period of 2000–2019, the NGPCL area and NGPR in Jiangsu Province exhibited a general decreasing trend. (2) The level of NGP displayed a spatial distribution pattern of being “higher in the south and central and lower in the north”. (3) The results of multi-scenario simulation show that under the NDS, the area of NGPCL and cultivated land for grain production (GPCL) decreases significantly; under the CPS, the decrease in NGPCL and GPCL is smaller than that of the NDS. Under the FSS, NGPCL decreases, while GPCL increases. These results can provide reference for the implementation of land use planning, the delineation of the cultivated land protection bottom line, and the implementation of thee cultivated land use control system in the study area.

Electricity Consumption and Food Production in Malaysia: Implication for the Sustainable Development Goal 2

The need to seek sustainable solutions to end hunger in all its forms by 2030 motivated the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to fill the existing gap by unraveling the underexplored dimension of escalating electricity consumption and its potential effects on the broader spectrum of Malaysia's food productivity, with a view to assessing the capacity or otherwise of Malaysia in achieving the SDG 2 (food and nutrition security) by 2030. To achieve the stated objectives, data from World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank for the period 1990 to 2022 were collected for Malaysia. The collated data were analyzed within the framework of Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method. The negative coefficient suggests that an increase in arable land is associated with a decrease in food production. Electricity consumption did not support expansion of food production in the country. Employment in agriculture, based on results, the study concludes that; electricity consumption did not support expansion of food production in Malaysia. In the same vein, arable land in Malaysia did not support sustainable food production in the country. Employment in agriculture did not drive food production changes in the country. Therefore, it could be submitted that electricity consumption only may not ensure a sustainable food production in Malaysia. Therefore, the study recommends that the policymakers and other concerned stakeholders in Malaysia should emphasize the importance of managing and utilizing arable land effectively in order for the country to experience a sustainable food production. Similarly, the policymakers in Malaysia should be given priority to food production when distributing electricity for both domestic and industrial consumptions in the country. If these policies are well implemented in Malaysia, the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 2- food security and sustainable agriculture will be tremendously facilitated before 2030.

Governance hurdles for expansion of low trophic mariculture production in Sweden

The study examines the governance of low trophic species mariculture (LTM) using Sweden as a case study. LTM, involving species such as seaweeds and mollusks, offers ecosystem services and nutritious foods. Despite its potential to contribute to blue growth and Sustainable Development Goals, LTM development in the EU and OECD countries has stagnated. A framework for mapping governance elements (institutions, structures, and processes) and analyzing governance objective (effective, equitable, responsive, and robust) was combined with surveys addressed to the private entrepreneurs in the sector. Analysis reveals ineffective institutions due to lack of updated legislation and guidance, resulting in ambiguous interpretations. Governance structures include multiple decision-making bodies without a clear coordination agency. Licensing processes were lengthy and costly for the private entrepreneurs, and the outcomes were uncertain. To support Sweden’s blue bioeconomy, LTM governance requires policy integration, clearer direction, coordinated decision-making, and mechanisms for conflict resolution and learning.

Strategic Advancements for Competitive Edge in the Food Industry

This study explores the strategic management and enhancement of competitiveness within the food industry. Amidst a backdrop of fluctuating market conditions and a need for modernization, this research identifies a significant gap in the effective utilization of foreign investments and the adaptation of industry practices to contemporary standards. The primary aim of this research is to propose methodologies for fostering investment, modernizing operations, and expanding production capacities to stabilize and grow the market presence of food industry enterprises. Employing a methodological approach that combines theoretical frameworks with empirical data analysis, the findings suggest that increased competition and new production capabilities can significantly improve market supply and price stability. The implications of this research underscore the necessity for strategic interventions that not only respond to current industry demands but also anticipate future market conditions, thereby ensuring sustainable development and competitive advantage in the food industry. Highlights: Foreign Investment: Essential for technology infusion and practice improvement. Operational Modernization: Adapts enterprises to contemporary market demands. Production Expansion: Increases supply and stabilizes prices through new capacities. Keywords: Food Industry, Management Strategy, Market Stability, Production Expansion, Competitive Mechanism

Органические продукты питания: медико-социальный аспект.

The article presents current information on trends in the consumption of organic food products in the world, information from foreign studies on their impact on public health. The market for these food products has grown significantly since the late 20th century and today represents a multi-billion dollar industry with distinct production, processing, distribution and retail systems. The relevance of studying the prevalence of consumption of organic food products among the population of various countries is increasing due to the increase in the modern world of demand and motivation among social groups of the population, especially among adherents of a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of the study is to review and analyze modern scientific foreign literature on the development of the organic food market from the standpoint of health conservation and medical and social perspectives. As a result of the review, it was revealed that the understanding currently clearly manifested in various social circles of the need to improve the level of quality of health of the individual and the population as a whole, the demand for the production of safe, micronutrient-rich, healthy food products, especially products of plant origin, actualize the expansion of production organic food products. In many countries around the world, there is an increase in consumer demand for organic food products; their regular consumers are people, mainly women, who care about their health, are physically active, have a higher level of education and income, and live mainly in high-income countries. The certain high cost of organic food products, depending on labor-intensive production methods and certification costs, often leads to unequal access to organic food products. The positive impact of organic foods on health status and the risk of developing chronic diseases is associated with a higher content of biologically active compounds and a lower content of substances harmful to health. Overall, large intervention and population-based studies are needed on the health effects of organic foods, comparing the quality, safety, bioactive compounds, nutritional and phytochemical value of foods in conventional and organic production systems using new research methods.

The problems and prospects of import substitution in medical industry

The achievement of economic sustainability and assurance of national security through activation of production sectors, medical industry in particular, is the integral component of successful strategy of state development. The importance of achieving autonomy in production of medical technique is targeted to reducing dependence of external factors, ensuring continuity of supply of critically important equipment and increasing level of technical characteristics of production. Besides it, expansion of medical production positively impact on innovative development, organization of new work places and level of scientific research in this industry. The development of national medical industry contributes to improvement of quality of medical care that directly affect population health. The necessity to maintain stability of health care through import substitution of medical products is indisputable fact in modern conditions, determined by strategically important direction from national security point of view. The article considers measures within the framework of import substitution plan in medical industry of the Russian Federation for period up to 2024. The analysis of volume of national production of medical equipment in dynamics over 5 years was carried out. The main problems of production of medical devices at the present stage were considered. The measures of state support targeted to development of national production of medical equipment and innovative medical technologies were discussed.

Complement receptor 2 as a novel therapeutic target to suppress germinal center-derived autoantibody production in a SLE mouse model

Abstract Presence of spontaneous germinal center (GCs) in SLE patients correlates with the production of pathogenic, isotype-switched antibodies (Abs) and epitope spreading. In lupus mice, spontaneous GCs are a major site for self-reactive B cells to undergo clonal selection to self-antigens. Limited efficacy of current B cell-based lupus therapies highlights the need to explore alternative targets for inhibiting auto-Ab secreting B cells (ASCs) generation. We propose that complement receptor 2 (CD21) is a novel therapeutic target to block expansion of autoimmunity and pathogenic Ab production. To test this, we set-up mix bone marrow chimeras and adoptive transfer models with 564Igi lupus mice and human CD21-transgenic mice, which allowed us to selectively block CD21 function of either B cells or FDC, or both. CD21 blockade on B cells not only restricted recently activated B cells but also memory B cells (MBC) to participate in GC-derived ASC generation. CD21 blockade on FDCs intriguingly biased MBC fate towards ASC generation, though impeded recently activated B cell capacity to participate in GC response. Dual blockade of CD21 on B cells and FDC exhibited strongest inhibitory effect on GC-derived ASC generation and auto-Ab production. As expected, blockade of ASC generation by donor B cells further correlated with reduced Ab deposition and ameliorated kidney pathology. In brief, CD21 presents itself as a promising therapeutic target to suppress pathogenic auto-Ab generation in SLE.

Stress Tensor Bounds on Quantum Fields

The singular behaviour of quantum fields in Minkowski space can often be bounded by polynomials of the Hamiltonian H. These so-called H-bounds and related techniques allow us to handle pointwise quantum fields and their operator product expansions in a mathematically rigorous way. A drawback of this approach, however, is that the Hamiltonian is a global rather than a local operator and, moreover, it is not defined in generic curved spacetimes. In order to overcome this drawback we investigate the possibility of replacing H by a component of the stress tensor, essentially an energy density, to obtain analogous bounds. For definiteness we consider a massive, minimally coupled free Hermitean scalar field. Using novel results on distributions of positive type we show that in any globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifold M for any f,F∈C0∞(M)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$f,F\\in C_0^{\\infty }(M)$$\\end{document} with F≡1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$F\\equiv 1$$\\end{document} on supp(f)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extrm{supp}(f)$$\\end{document} and any timelike smooth vector field tμ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$t^{\\mu }$$\\end{document} we can find constants c,C>0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$c,C>0$$\\end{document} such that ω(ϕ(f)∗ϕ(f))≤C(ω(Tμνren(tμtνF2))+c)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\omega (\\phi (f)^*\\phi (f))\\le C(\\omega (T^{\ extrm{ren}}_{\\mu \ u }(t^{\\mu }t^{\ u }F^2))+c)$$\\end{document} for all (not necessarily quasi-free) Hadamard states ω\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\omega $$\\end{document}. This is essentially a new type of quantum energy inequality that entails a stress tensor bound on the smeared quantum field. In 1+1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$1+1$$\\end{document} dimensions we also establish a bound on the pointwise quantum field, namely |ω(ϕ(x))|≤C(ω(Tμνren(tμtνF2))+c)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|\\omega (\\phi (x))|\\le C(\\omega (T^{\ extrm{ren}}_{\\mu \ u }(t^{\\mu }t^{\ u }F^2))+c)$$\\end{document}, where F≡1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$F\\equiv 1$$\\end{document} near x.

Amplification of the anomalous scaling in the Kazantsev-Kraichnan model with finite-time correlations and spatial parity violation.

By using the field theoretic renormalization group technique together with the operator product expansion, simultaneous influence of the spatial parity violation and finite-time correlations of an electrically conductive turbulent environment on the inertial-range scaling behavior of correlation functions of a passively advected weak magnetic field is investigated within the corresponding generalized Kazantsev-Kraichnan model in the second order of the perturbation theory (in the two-loop approximation). The explicit dependence of the anomalous dimensions of the leading composite operators on the fixed point value of the parameter that controls the presence of finite-time correlations of the turbulent field as well as on the parameter that drives the amount of the spatial parity violation (helicity) in the system is found even in the case with the presence of the large-scale anisotropy. In accordance with the Kolmogorov's local isotropy restoration hypothesis, it is shown that, regardless of the amount of the spatial parity violation, the scaling properties of the model are always driven by the anomalous dimensions of the composite operators near the isotropic shell. The asymptotic (inertial-range) scaling form of all single-time two-point correlation functions of arbitrary order of the passively advected magnetic field is found. The explicit dependence of the corresponding scaling exponents on the helicity parameter as well as on the parameter that controls the finite-time velocity correlations is determined. It is shown that, regardless of the amount of the finite-time correlations of the given Gaussian turbulent environment, the presence of the spatial parity violation always leads to more negative values of the scaling exponents, i.e., to the more pronounced anomalous scaling of the magnetic correlation functions. At the same time, it is shown that the stronger the violation of spatial parity, the larger the anomalous behavior of magnetic correlations.

Trends and Factors Influencing the Evolution of Spatial Patterns of Cropland toward Large-Scale Agricultural Production in China

Considering the essential expansion of agricultural production, current research primarily focuses on static factors, such as the distribution of fine-grained arable land, omitting an in-depth analysis of its developmental dynamics and key drivers. Addressing this knowledge gap is crucial for enhancing the scalability of agricultural production. This research utilizes landscape ecology techniques, correlation analysis, random forest algorithms, and structural equation modeling to explore spatial pattern trends of arable land in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Its objective is to clarify how the expansion of agricultural production scale affects food production through changes in arable land patterns and to determine the impact of socio-economic factors on these configurations. The results show that: (1) the landscape pattern of arable land is transitioning to a more fragmented arrangement with complex contours, (2) grain yield per unit area correlates positively with the landscape pattern index in Beijing, negatively in Hebei, and exhibits no significant correlation in Tianjin, and (3) land ownership plays a crucial role in land fragmentation, alterations in land morphology, and influences other socio-economic variables. Analyzing the spatial pattern of arable land in conjunction with socio-economic factors is essential for developing holistic land management approaches, improving resource efficiency, minimizing external inputs, and mitigating food security challenges.

Solving conformal defects in 3D conformal field theory using fuzzy sphere regularization

Defects in conformal field theory (CFT) are of significant theoretical and experimental importance. The presence of defects theoretically enriches the structure of the CFT, but at the same time, it makes it more challenging to study, especially in dimensions higher than two. Here, we demonstrate that the recently-developed theoretical scheme, fuzzy (non-commutative) sphere regularization, provides a powerful lens through which one can dissect the defect of 3D CFTs in a transparent way. As a notable example, we study the magnetic line defect of 3D Ising CFT and clearly demonstrate that it flows to a conformal defect fixed point. We have identified 6 low-lying defect primary operators, including the displacement operator, and accurately extract their scaling dimensions through the state-operator correspondence. Moreover, we also compute one-point bulk correlators and two-point bulk-defect correlators, which show great agreement with predictions of defect conformal symmetry, and from which we extract various bulk-defect operator product expansion coefficients. Our work demonstrates that the fuzzy sphere offers a powerful tool for exploring the rich physics in 3D defect CFTs.