Contemporary college students are the pillars of the country and bear the responsibility of building a great country. College students should not only have smart brains, but also have strong bodies. The state has always attached great importance to the physical condition of college students and has promulgated a series of relevant policies and regulations to ensure the effective development of college students' physical health work. This paper aims to monitor and research college students' physical fitness data based on the Internet of Things and blockchain technology. This paper first introduces the data collection based on the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things data collection system has good versatility, ease of use, and quite rich functions, which can realize the collection and reliable transmission of different environmental data. Then focuses on the data collection and confidentiality technology based on blockchain. Each user in the blockchain system has a pair of public and private keys, and elliptic curve algorithms are usually used to generate public key cryptography. Finally, based on the Internet of Things and blockchain technology, the physical fitness data of college students is analyzed and researched. The experimental results of this paper show that, according to the data collection technology of the Internet of Things and blockchain, the analysis of variance is carried out on the data of male pull-ups and female sit-ups of 2019 students. The analysis of variance F of boys' pull-ups is 76.222, and the significance is about 0, that is, P < 0.01. The difference is very obvious, which proves that there is a significant difference in boys' pull-ups in the past 3 years. The analysis of variance F for girls' sit-ups is 89.187, and the significance is about 0. Similarly, it shows that there are significant differences in girls' sit-ups in the past 3 years. Therefore, the existing teaching mode is stabilized and physical exercise is enhanced. Meanwhile, to enhance the physical fitness of students, it is necessary to strengthen the strength of physical education teachers and increase the introduction of sports talents and business training.
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