Executive Authorities Research Articles

Russian Law-Making (on the Example of the Federal Executive Authority): Ethical Aspect

Russian Law-Making (on the Example of the Federal Executive Authority): Ethical Aspect

Improving the efficiency of the state youth policy by a project management method (on the example of the Irkutsk Oblast)

This study addresses the feasibility of adopting the Strategy of Youth Entrepreneurship Development in the Irkutsk Oblast for the period of up to 2030 in the context of digital economy. According to relevant data, specific features of youth entrepreneurship are outlined, and the necessity of its systemic support by regional executive and legislative authorities is noted. In the context of academic discourse on youth policy, an analysis of possible directions for launching various initiatives is conducted. Areas to be considered include civic initiatives, strengthening security measures, protecting, overcoming social exclusion, information enrichment, integration of modern technologies, and support in professional selfdetermination. Such multidimensional interventions seek to expand the horizons for young people and to promote their active social, economic, and cultural integration into public life. Particular attention is paid to the importance of supporting social and entrepreneurial youth projects, which form the basis for the development of digital economy and the small-business sector in the Russian state. The research methodology included comparative-legal and historical approaches, the method of deduction and induction, and a formal-legal approach with the application of other scientific cognition methods. Additionally, the conclusion is made that the improvement of youth policy in the context of youth entrepreneurship is possible only based on a comprehensive approach. The latter implies supporting measures of the current legislation, as well as the formation of a positive public opinion on the entrepreneur image through a specialized youth community, such as a Club of young entrepreneurs.

The legislative role of the executive authority in deterring cyber threats- a comparative study

تعد تقنية المعلومات من التطورات المهمة التي تتعايش معها الان كافة دول العالم , إلا أن ما ينتج عنها من أخطار حالية أو مستقبلية كالتهديدات السيبرانية المتعددة , يعدُ خطراً يهدد الأمن المعلوماتي للدولة وسرية بيانتها, ومن هذه التهديدات فعل التجسس الإلكتروني والهجمات السيبرانية, فتظهر مسؤولية السطلة التنفيذية بوصفها السلطة التي منح لها دستور جمهورية العراق 2005 صلاحيات عدة, ومن هذه الصلاحيات التشريعية التي تمكنها من ردع التهديدات وتحصين أمنها السيبراني, من خلال اقتراح مشروعات القوانين السيبرانية واقتراح تعديل الدستور ونصوصه, لتواجه هذه الاخطار.

Areas of modernization of the system of training and certification of forensic experts in Ukraine based on the adaptation of foreign experience

Abstract The article is devoted to the study of the existing system of training and certification of forensic experts in Ukraine and to the provision of proposals for its modernization, taking into account the positive experience in the field of forensic science of the USA, Great Britain and some countries of the European Union. In Ukraine, the procedure for the training and certification of forensic experts is determined by ministries and other central executive authorities, which manage state specialized institutions that carry out forensic activities. A study of foreign experience in the training and certification of forensic experts made it possible to identify general and specific elements, sustain the benefits of the implemented measures, and formulate priorities and guidelines. The research resulted in the justification of the need to develop a single regulatory act that would determine the procedure for training, internships and certification of forensic experts, as well as the creation of a single qualification body that would help ensure uniform approaches to determining the qualification of forensic experts working in state specialized forensic institutions, their territorial branches, expert institutions of municipal ownership, and forensic experts who are not employees of these institutions. It is proved that the development and implementation of uniform standards for training forensic experts on the basis of a centralized approach, regardless of where these specialists will work in the future, will help address the problem of training personnel. The author concludes that improving the quality of training, internship and certification of forensic experts requires new approaches to organizational, economic, teaching, methodological and technical provision. The author substantiates the need for fundamentally new forms of activity which will ensure the effectiveness and transparency of the assessment of knowledge by means of modern information technologies in the current reform environment. It is stated that Ukraine should raise the criteria for admission to the profession of a forensic expert. The author specifies the issues that need to be enshrined in law.

THE ORIGIN OF THE RULE OF LAW; APPLIED RESEARCH ON IRAQI LAW AND INTER-RELIGIOUS LAWS

Political systems adopt the principle in some of its manifestations and not others. The transformation into a state of law is gradual, passing through several systems of government in which the state develops and transforms into civilized democratic systems subject to the law and respecting the principle of the rule of law. On this basis, the state of law is one that subjects its public authorities to all legal rules in all actions and behaviors issued by it. This commitment is what takes it out of the category of oppressive states in which the ruling authority has absolute freedom to take whatever actions and procedures it deems appropriate in confronting individuals to achieve whatever goals it pleases without being bound by the provisions and rules of the law. Some constitutional law scholars have distinguished between the principle of the state’s submission to the law and the principle of the rule of law. They say that the principle of the state's submission to the law means subjecting all authorities in the state, and it is a legal principle that aims to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals in the face of the state or the administration. As for the principle of the rule of law, it means the supremacy of the legislative authority over the executive authority, and the inability of the latter to take any action unless it is in implementation of the law or with the authorization of the law. It is a political idea that originated from the fact that parliament represents the will of the nation. The rule of law means the supremacy of the provisions of the law in the state; such that the provisions and rules of the law are superior to all wills in the state (the wills of the rulers and the ruled together).

The characteristics of medical technical task working out as a factor of successful implementation of project of public-private partnership in health care

The application of mathematical modeling approaches based on factual demand of the population of territories in setting of medical and technical tasks makes it possible to significantly optimize costs of construction and equipping primary health care objects. This is confirmed by both corresponding calculations and results of analysis. This operation is oriented both on structural divisions of regional executive authorities responsible for setting of medical and technical tasks, and on investment companies implementing projects in health care.

On the issues of additional public support of workers involved in medical care support during period of COVID-19

The article considers issues of organizational and legal progress of social protection of workers involved in medical care during period of COVID-19. The purpose of the study is to analyze regulatory legal documents that define state guarantees that provide social protection for persons involved in the provision of medical care during COVID-19. The attempt was made to analyze international and national information on relevant morbidity, mortality and disability of health care workers, but respective data was not readily available in open admission. The analysis of international documents (the WHO, CDC, JHU reports), public documents of the Russian Federation, information from official websites of the President of the Russian Federation and the executive authorities of the Russian Federation (state reports on sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation in 2020-2022) demonstrated the following. The whole world faced with the problem of protecting health care workers from contamination with new corona-virus infection. In the Russian Federation, unprecedented measures were taken to ensure social protection for this category of workers, including provision of additional social benefits.

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОКАЗАНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ЖЕНЩИНАМ В ЧУКОТСКОМ АВТОНОМНОМ ОКРУГЕ

Relevance. Breast cancer is one of the first places among all types of oncological pathology both in the Russian Federation and around the world. At the same time, over the past decade there has been a significant increase in the incidence of this pathology; the average annual growth rate in the Russian Federation reached up to 1.72%, which is a very worrying sign. The aim of the study is analysis of the morbidity and mortality rates from breast cancer in the female population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as well as identification of the features of medical care and prevention of identified malignant neoplasms of the breast in the study area. Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out on the basis of information materials from the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System, the Federal State Statistics Service, and documents from regional executive authorities in the field of healthcare. Statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality from malignant breast diseases in women from 2011 to 2021 (per 100,000 population) were studied; the results obtained in the region were compared with those in the Russian Federation as a whole. To assess the general and annual trend, its degree of reliability, a trend line was constructed and the value of the approximation coefficient R2 was calculated, which in all cases turned out to be acceptable. The results of the study. Morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the breast in women living in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug differed significantly from the national average. The annual changes in the region had quite sharp fluctuations. However, in general, the trend line did not have sufficient positive characteristics. In addition, higher morbidity and mortality rates in the region, compared with the national average, can be considered a negative point.

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОКАЗАНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ НАСЕЛЕНИЮ ПРИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КОМИ

Relevance. Epidemiological studies of oncological diseases of the respiratory system show that this nosological form is one of the leading causes of death among all other pathologies detected in most regions of the Russian Federation and around the world. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of this pathology. The aim of the study is analysis of morbidity and mortality rates among the population of the Komi Republic, identification of features of medical care and prevention of malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system in the studied area. Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out on the basis of information materials from the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System, the Federal State Statistics Service, and documents from regional executive authorities in the field of healthcare. Statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases from 2011 to 2021 (per 100,000 population) were studied; the results obtained in the region were compared with those in the Russian Federation as a whole. To assess the general and annual trend, its degree of reliability, a trend line was constructed and the value of the approximation coefficient R2 was calculated, which in all cases turned out to be acceptable. The results of the study. Regional indicators differed from the national average - morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system in the Komi Republic is significantly higher than the average in Russia. In dynamics over the past 10 years, mortality from malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system in the region tends to decrease, but less noticeable in comparison with the average in the Russian Federation. The incidence among women has not changed much, and among males has decreased compared to 10 years. The detection rate of malignant neoplasms in the early stages in the Komi Republic is significantly lower compared to the Russian Federation. The conclusion was made about the need to develop the regional program "Fight against cancer", its continuous improvement and exchange of experience with other regions.

Конкурентоустойчивость экономики региона как квазикорпорации с позиции системного подхода

The presented article describes the essence and economic content of a quasi-corporate approach to the management of modern regions, which are independent subjects of economic relations with key stakeholders of their development. As part of the study, the author's approach to the formation of competitive sustainability of the regional economy is presented based on systemic management of the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of the territorial product. The result of the study was a strategic matrix of measures to achieve the competitive sustainability of the region, which can be implemented in the road maps of executive authorities to clarify plans for long-term socio-economic development in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and also a conceptual model for managing the competitive sustainability of the region has been developed from the perspective of a systems approach, which complements current economic research in this field.

Высокопоставленные чиновники Администрации Президента РФ: историческая динамика занятости после ухода с должности

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the post-career of high-ranking PA officials who left their positions under President Yeltsin and in the post-Yeltsin period - and the factors that determine them. The empirical basis of the study is a database that includes biographical questionnaires on AP figures who at least once left a key position in this body. The study showed that the role of federal executive authorities (including the government of the Russian Federation and law enforcement agencies) as a channel of post-career has increased. Transitions to the federal parliament are rare in both eras, but the proportion of officials who ended up in the State Duma after their resignation (especially a year later) slightly decreased, while the proportion of those who moved to the Federation Council, on the contrary, slightly increased in the post-Yeltsin period as a whole. While transitions to regional administrations were rare in both periods, PA officials were noticeably more likely to become governors in the post-Yeltsin era, which was facilitated by a centralization of power. Finally, the share of transitions from government to business is similar in both periods, as are their other characteristics: the dominance of big business as a place of work and the distribution of firms that have adopted officials by form of ownership. The pantouflage was aided by high salaries in big business and the firms' interest in recruiting officials in the context of crony capitalism.

EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH MILITARY SERVICE

The article reflects the result of a scientific study of the provisions of legislation and doctrine that determine the content of the conditions under which criminal law measures are not applied to persons called up for military service during the period of mobilization or in wartime, as well as those imprisoned during the period of mobilization, wartime and (or) a martial law contract for military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, subject to their award or dismissal, on grounds specified by law. The relevance of such a study is predetermined primarily by the fact that the criminal law provisions in question were introduced into the Criminal Law quite recently. Provisions of Art. 78.1, 80.2 and part 3.1 of Art. 86 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are of a blanket nature, the conditions and procedure for exemption from criminal liability and the punishments provided for in them differ in many respects from the conditions that are typical for other circumstances of exemption from liability. The authors note that the decision of the federal executive authorities on the non-application of criminal liability measures in connection with military service to persons who have committed a crime, does not depend on what category, in accordance with Art. 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, this crime should be included. Exemption from criminal liability in connection with military service does not occur simultaneously, but involves at least two stages. The first is expressed in the suspension of the application of criminal legal measures to a person while he is serving, subject to control over him by the commander of a military unit or institution. The second is the final refusal to bring the person to criminal responsibility. The basis for the termination for a person of all criminal legal consequences of committing a crime in this case is one of the alternatives specified in the law. This is either the awarding of a state award to a serviceman or dismissal from military service due to reaching a certain age, or recognition of a person by a military medical commission as unfit for military service due to health reasons or due to the end of the mobilization period, the abolition (termination) of martial law and (or) the expiration of martial law time.

ПРОБЛЕМА АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫХ БАРЬЕРОВ ПРИ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИИ ТРУДОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЯМИ И СОТРУДНИКАМИ СТРУКТУРНЫХ ПОДРАЗДЕЛЕНИЙ ОРГАНОВ НАДЗОРНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В СИСТЕМЕ МЧС РОССИИ

The problems of administrative barriers for both executive authorities and controlled persons were considered. A partial analysis of the situation with fires and their consequences on the territory of the Russian Federation in recent years in the field of fire safety is given. It is stated that a significant part of the causes of fires occurring in buildings and structures falls on the emergency mode of operation of power grids. It is noted that arc breakdown or sparking is one of the most common causes of «electric» fires. The issue of responsibility for the serviceability and integrity of electrical wiring at the protection facility was touched upon. It was concluded that the progress of the goal to improve the quality of life of citizens, among other things, is achieved by the use of experimental methods of legal regulation.

Административное усмотрение и административные процедуры: конец и вновь начало

The article studies the problem of correlation of administrative discretion and administrative procedures. It is shown that administrative procedures have historically emerged as a result of realization of administrative discretion of the heads of executive authorities. It is substantiated that both administrative discretion and administrative procedures can be defined as trust (degreeof trust) given to executive authorities and their officials. In conclusion, it is hypothesized that in the foreseeable future administrative-procedural and administrative-discretionary regulation will periodically replace each other.

Электронные документы в кадровой работе органов исполнительной власти

MSAL) The possibility of applying the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for e-document management is analyzed in the personnel work of executive authorities. The features of the legal regulation of public-service relations and their key differences from the provisions of labor legislation are formulated. The projected drafts of regulatory legal acts aimed at the introduction of electronic personnel document management are being considered. An overview of the experimental regime of legal regulation of the use of e-documents in personnel work in public-service relations introduced by the Russian Government is being conducted.

Regional Experience of Using Artificial Intelligence Services in the Healthcare Sector of the Russian Federation in 2023

Background. The using of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has particular importance for primary medical care. The market for AI in healthcare is actively developing, and Russian companies offer their products and services in this area. The federal project to create a single digital contour in healthcare includes the implementation of medical devices based on AI technology in healthcare of the regions of the Russian Federation. The AI services may or may not be medical devices. It is necessary to understand the organizational and economic effects for the healthcare system and a certain medical organization in order to select a service. There is no consolidation of regional experience on AI-enabled services in healthcare in the Russian Federation today. Aims — consolidation of experience in the using of the AI services in healthcare sector in the regions of the Russian Federation. Methods. We conducted an online survey of representatives of regional executive authorities and medical information and analytical centers in the regions of the Russian Federation through the “Yandex Forms” platform and also they were interviewed. Results. We surveyed 84 regions of the Russian Federation to consolidate the experience of using the AI services, and the information on Moscow was obtained from open sources. The analysis showed that the AI services that are not medical devices are more common than the AI services that are medical devices. Based on the results of the study, we have formed a classification of the AI services that are not medical devices used in healthcare in the Russian Federation, identified the reasons why, according to the regions, it is difficult to implement the AI services, as well as determined the conditions of use of the AI services that are not medical devices. Conclusions. On the basis of the study, we determined the algorithm for the implementation of the AI services in the Russian healthcare.

Подзаконное нормотворчество исполнительной власти субъектов Российской Федерации

The exercise of the powers of the head of the executive power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as a rule, is carried out by executive authorities, and therefore its functionality in the field of executive power is most significant. He forms and directs the supreme executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation, and also has legislative and supervisory powers. The head of the region carries out law–making activities — issues decrees (resolutions) and orders that are mandatory in the relevant subject of the Russian Federation. However, the normative legal acts issued by him and the executive authorities must be adopted on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and in compliance with any level of laws.

The role of the legislative authority in overseeing the actions of the executive authority under the federal constitution in Iraq

The role of the legislative authority in overseeing the actions of the executive authority under the federal constitution in Iraq

Обеспечение общественной безопасности в процессе использования беспилотных воздушных судов

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of legal regulation of the use of unmanned aerial systems and unmanned aircraft in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of changes in Russian legislation that came out in 2023, an assessment of the main areas of use of unmanned aircraft systems in economic activities is carried out. The author characterizes the powers of the federal executive authorities in the field of ensuring public safety when using unmanned aircraft. The current directions of the legal regulation of unmanned aircraft flights in the Russian Federation are reviewed.

Problems in the organization and implementation of the «Ready for work and defense» complex (GTO) in kindergartens in Surgut

Relevance. One of the ways to improve the state policy on physical culture and sports, optimize physical education and preserve the health of the population of all age groups is the implementation of the AllRussian Physical Culture and Sports Complex "Ready for Work and Defense". According to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, together with the executive authority at all levels, must carry out all necessary measures to implement the TRP complex. Analyzing the program and regulatory documents, we learned that the main directions of implementing the standards of the VFSK "GTO" are: ensuring the process of preparing citizens to meet the requirements of the GTO complex, including the organization of testing centers, medical support, the implementation of measures to stimulate citizens in meeting the standards of the complex and others.The purpose of the study: to identify negative factors hindering the implementation of the TRP complex in preschool organizations by interviewing physical education teachers.Methods and organization of the research: to solve the task, an anonymous survey was conducted among teachers in Surgut. 31 listeners took part in the survey. One of the directions of the study was to identify the state of the material and technical base at the place of work. Addressing this problem has led to the fact that preparing for the performance of tests (tests) of the TRP complex also implies the need for independent studies.The results of the study. We have formulated the following question: to what extent, in your opinion, does the organization of existing sports facilities and recreational areas with the necessary sports equipment and equipment for training, including independent preparation for the performance of tests (tests) of the TRP complex, correspond to your work. The answer was supposed to be correlated with the proposed scale. The results of the survey are shown in the diagram.Conclusions. The implementation of the TRP program and the possibilities of stimulating interest in it should become an important task for the formation of a healthy and active lifestyle and physical activity of the population. Working to increase awareness of GTO among employers and employees and creating the most appropriate remuneration system can contribute to achieving this goal.