Example Of Kazakhstan Research Articles

Social Distance of Ethnic Groups: from Proximity to Remoteness (in the Example of Kazakhstan)

The ethno-demographic structure of the population of Kazakhstan is characterized by a high degree of ethno-cultural diversity. In the historical retrospective, the analysis of the conflicts involving ethnic groups allows us to discuss the presence of certain social distances that find their expression with categories such as connection and solidarity, remoteness, and intolerance. Over the years of independence, the country has experienced more than 20 intergroup conflicts related to the interethnic sphere. The causes of similar incidents can be attributed to various factors. The main ones are economic inequality, geopolitical instability, cultural gap, stereotypical representation, etc. The above-mentioned factors, especially stereotypes and prejudice, can be a potential cause-and-effect link in the relationship formation of various degrees of proximity. In this regard, it is worth drawing clear parallels between interethnic attitudes and social distance, which requires a sociological measurement of their interrelation in Kazakh society. The article represents a systematization of manifestation characteristics of the social distance in the context of interaction between ethnic groups across different regions. The proposed work represents one of the initial attempts in the Kazakh ethno-political literature to study the processes of interethnic relations within the framework of the assessment proximity: from readiness for interethnic marriages to the desire for ethnic isolation.

Assessment of the migration processes on the example of Kazakhstan

Today's migration is a rather complex and controversial process. Having a number of advantages and positive results for the development of the receiving and sending countries, it also leads to negative consequences. The more a country's population is involved in migration processes, the more acutely its consequences manifest. The situation is also aggravated by the increasing economic and political crises, which negatively affect the ability of third countries to maintain internal stability. The issue does not exclude the Central Asian region in the context of the intensification of local armed conflicts in adjacent territories and current geopolitical aspects. The study purpose is to assess migration processes and their impact on the Republic of Kazakhstan as the one of the ‘host’ countries in Central Asia. A chronology of key economic events regarding strategic opportunities in the migration processes was carried out. Taking into account the current regional and global challenges, it has been established that the current trends in migration processes have a positive effect on the development of the labor market as an important component of the national economy, contributing to an increase in the welfare of the country. At the same time, the policy of Kazakhstan is also trying to pursue a pragmatic immigration policy to prevent the negative impact of immigrants on the local population.

IMPORT SUBSTITUTION AS A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION: THE EXPERIENCE OF KAZAKHSTAN

The purpose of the research is to reveal the role of Kazakhstan's import substitution policy in choosing the economic trajectory of economic development from the standpoint of its decarbonization and expansion of international cooperation.Methodology: the theoretical and methodological basis of the research is based on the methods of systemic and structural analysis, which allow studying the essence of the import substitution policy and identifying the degree of its impact on the economy of Kazakhstan. characterizing the policy of import substitution.The originality / value of the research lies in the rationale for accelerating the adaptation of the institutional framework to new realities, which will provide support for priority sectors of the economy as leaders of the new technological order.Findings – the structural constraints of the economy are identifi ed, which must be taken into account when implementing the import substitution policy. The most problematic sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan are identifi ed in terms of dependence on import supplies. The priority directions of the import substitution policy are formulated in the context of growing geopolitical risks and the transformation of global value chains. The key aspects of the transformation of the real sector of the economy of Kazakhstan, which has the potential to reduce import dependence and increase the attractiveness of foreign investors, are highlighted. The role of digital solutions in the implementation of the import substitution policy is substantiated.The practical signifi cance of the study. Kazakhstan adapts the accumulated world experience in the formation of import substitution policy. The example of Kazakhstan can be useful for countries with economies in transition, seeking to increase self-suffi ciency and competitiveness of the real sector of the economy, expanding their presence in international markets.

State and non-state mechanisms for regulating the quality of higher education for promoting it to the European level: The example of Kazakhstan

Relevance. This exploration is crucial for understanding how developing countries can enhance their educational frameworks to meet global benchmarks, which in turn contributes to their competitiveness on the world stage. Purpose. The goal of the article is to analyse the most important state and non-state instruments for regulating the domain of tertiary education in the developing country, endeavouring to advance the standard of education to the degree of the developed countries. Methodology. Employing functional and comparative analysis, the study examines 11 key mechanisms for regulating, ensuring, and improving higher education quality in Kazakhstan, juxtaposed with practices from developed countries, particularly those within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). This methodological approach provides insights into the efficacy of these mechanisms in fostering a high-quality educational landscape. Results. Findings reveal two significant waves of increased state attention towards higher education quality, with legislative support being paramount. Kazakhstan has adopted a multifaceted approach involving legislative frameworks, licensing, and accreditation to bolster educational standards. Additionally, the inclusion of non-state mechanisms, such as stakeholder engagement and international accreditation, alongside collaborative efforts between the public and private sectors, has been instrumental. These efforts align with global trends and EHEA guidelines, demonstrating Kazakhstan's commitment to enhancing its educational quality and competitiveness. Conclusions. The analysis underscores the complexity and significance of both state and non-state mechanisms in shaping the quality of higher education in Kazakhstan. By aligning its practices with international standards, particularly those of the EHEA, Kazakhstan is making strides towards integrating its higher education system into the global framework. This integration not only enhances the country's educational standards but also its overall competitiveness, highlighting the critical role of quality assurance mechanisms in achieving educational excellence and global integration.

Привлечение NEET-молодежи в систему образования и на рынок труда: инструменты государственного регулирования

A particularly vulnerable group in the context of the transition from the education system to the labor market are NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) young people, who are not studying, working or undergoing vocational training. This determines the necessity of the formation, within government regulation of youth unemployment, of tools to support this particular group of youth. The paper contains a statistical analysis of NEET youth in different countries in terms of dynamics and age and gender structure. Separate mechanisms and tools of government regulation of NEET youth are considered, which have proven their effectiveness on the example of Kazakhstan, which achieved a reduction in the NEET youth indicator from 9.5 % in 2017 to 6.9 % in 2021. The author proposed recommendations for the development and implementation in the practice of individual tools of government regulation of youth unemployment in the context of NEET youth. In particular, such a tool could be social programs of federal importance aimed at overcoming barriers in the “study – work” transition and reducing the number of young people falling into the NEET category. An important support measure could be the formation and improvement of a continuous education ecosystem including involving young people in additional education, which will help NEET young people enter the labor market. The author proposes to lay particular emphasis on the development of noncognitive skills, which are currently not fully covered by the education system, however, their influence on the trajectory of further education and transition to the labor market is confirmed by a number of scientific studies.

Digital Diplomacy as a Tool for Implementing the Foreign Policy of Central Asian Countries (On the Example of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan)

Many countries pay great attention to the use of digital technologies as a tool for implementing their foreign policy. The popularity of modern information and communication achievements, such as the Internet, social networks, mass media, new communication channels, makes it possible to use them to implement the foreign policy objectives of the state. The purpose of this work is to analyze digital diplomacy, which is considered a new phenomenon in international relations. The article compares the use of digital tools by the diplomatic missions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Statistical data are presented for each of the countries, which allowed us to get the most complete picture of digital trends in the diplomacy of the above-mentioned countries.

Success Factors of Youth Entrepreneurship Projects based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Method on the Example of Kazakhstan

Success Factors of Youth Entrepreneurship Projects based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Method on the Example of Kazakhstan

Gender gap in access to multi-sectoral resources: The example of Kazakhstan

Gender gap in access to multi-sectoral resources: The example of Kazakhstan

Decarbonization of mining and steel sectors: experience of Kazakhstan

To strengthen its international position, Kazakhstan is updating the transition to economic decarbonization within the framework of the adopted long-term low-carbon development strategy. This article examines the current problems of decarbonization of the mining and metallurgical industry, which is one of the largest atmospheric pollutants. General scientific methods were used, including the descriptive method, methods of retrospective and cause-and-effect analysis, generalization and structuring of initial statistical data presented in the open press. It has been established that in the current situation of economic and political challenges, the growth of investments in renewable energy sources is focused not so much on achieving environmental indicators, but rather reflects the desireof countries importing energy raw materials to increase their energy security. It is substantiated that the development of ESG principles is becoming a primary factor ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises and the priority of internal production goals of sustainable development. The study analyzes the prospects for using the best available techniques in the low-carbon development strategy of industrial enterprises. The authors conclude that achieving carbon neutrality will require the state to adopt a systematic approach to coal mining as the main source of energy generation. It is shown that institutional measures that stimulate the decarbonization of the mining and metallurgical sector of Kazakhstan in the medium and long term will increase energy efficiency and accelerate the transition of industrial enterprises to renewable energy. The example of Kazakhstan can be useful for countries expanding the presence of mining and metallurgical enterprises in the international market by mastering various decarbonization mechanisms, disclosing information on sustainable development and taking into account ESG risks.

Impact of financial literacy on investment decisions in developing countries: The example of Kazakhstan

This study aims to establish the impact of financial literacy on investment decision-making in developing countries, with the Republic of Kazakhstan serving as a case study. The research approach involved conducting a questionnaire survey for Kazakhstan residents to evaluate their level of financial literacy, followed by analysis of the results through the SPSS software. To evaluate the influence of financial literacy on the efficiency of investment decision-making, a correlation analysis was performed on two variables: the financial literacy index and the investment decision-making efficiency index. The findings indicate that respondents' financial literacy level has an impact on investment decision-making. After all, a higher level of financial literacy indicates a larger number of individuals who have made financial investments at least once, while among respondents with a lower level of financial literacy, approximately 30% did not invest at all. The impact of financial literacy on effective investment decision-making is dependent on age, education, and financial criteria. Moreover, personal income plays a pivotal role in facilitating informed investing choices. The proposed study has practical applications for financial and credit institutions, banks, and government officials in establishing a basis for efficiently injecting finances into the economy of a developing nation.

Assessment of the Sustainable Development of Regions: the Case of Kazakhstan

This research work is devoted to assessing the sustainable development of regions in the example of Kazakhstan. Sustainable development is a strategically important aspect of the country, balancing economic growth, social well-being and environmental protection. The paper considers the key indicators used to assess the sustainable development of the regions of Kazakhstan. The Sustainable Development Goal Index (SDI) was calculated based on seven statistical indicators: gross regional product per capita, food security, unemployment rate, poverty rate, crime rate, education level, and environmental pollution in 14 regions and three cities from 2011 to 2021. The data was collected from the Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan. The initial data of stability indicators were used as a matrix with dimensions m * n to calculate the weight coefficients. Further indicators were scaled and standardized. In addition, to evaluate the weighted index, a measure of the entropy of the indicator was calculated. As a result of the index calculation, it was revealed that the rating leaders are the regions with the lowest normalized poverty level, and these regions take the first place - the cities of Almaty, Astana and Shymkent. In comparison, the highest normalized poverty rate with the lowest positions are Turkestan, North Kazakhstan and Zhambyl regions. This work is essential for making effective decisions and developing targeted strategies for the sustainable development of Kazakhstan. It can be used as a basis for further research in the regional development sustainability field.

The Influence of Mass Media on the Formation of Civic Identity: The Example of Kazakhstan (Content Analysis)

The Influence of Mass Media on the Formation of Civic Identity: The Example of Kazakhstan (Content Analysis)

Socio-philosophical aspects of the analysis of urban and rural cultures

This article assesses the process of urbanization using an example of Kazakhstan. Also it examines the role of cities at the global level, and the impact on globalization. The authors consider the city as a basic element for social and economic development in comparative perspective. First, they analyze the impact of urban culture in the development of the dialogue of civilizations in Kazakhstan. Second, they analyze the demographic growth of the urban population and the problem of relationships between cities and peripheries. Third, they analyze cities as a new cultural phenomenon and organization of the cultural system focusing on similarities and differences of urban and rural culture.The city as a phenomenon has been and remains the subject of deep study, since it is in the city that the main spheres of human life are concentrated. Both in science and in philosophy, there are trends according to which the peculiarities of the development of metropolitan and provincial cities stand out in separate topics, and this is explained by the fact that the status of the city largely determines the fate of its development.

Social and emotional well-being of schoolchildren, an example of Kazakhstan in PISA-2018

Social and emotional well-being among schoolchildren is the main one, which affects the psychological state and academic employment of students. During distance learning, schoolchildren, the problem of social-emotional gain has acquired a greater transmission. However, today we have little quantitative data on the socio-emotional well-being of students in Kazakhstani schools. There is no data on the psychological and pedagogical conditions of the educational process. This article aims to cover the concepts of socio-emotional well-being, school climate, quantitative data coverage with the PISA-2018 surveys. Based on the analysis of PISA-2018 secondary data, it was revealed that about one third of Kazakhstani schoolchildren are not excluded from bullying. According to the data, slightly more than 5% of Kazakhstani schoolchildren missed school or were late for classes. 76% of students easily make friends at school, 69% of students feel part of the school community. However, 79% of students consider themselves outsiders in school. 78% feel "out of place" at school and 80% said they feel lonely. According to the results of PISA-2018, Kazakhstani schoolchildren are satisfied with their lives above the average of the countries participating in the study. In the context of the village-city, rural schoolchildren are more satisfied with life than their peers from cities. 45% of students in Kazakh schools worry about what others might think if they make a mistake. 34% are afraid of failure because this may negatively affect their future. In general, the results of the study should be cross-checked with data from the field study, and the validity of the test instrument, its translation, and consideration of socio-cultural differences should also be examined. Keywords: social and emotional well-being, school students, learners, school climate, school environment.

The Efficiency of National Innovation Systems in Post-Soviet Countries: DEA-Based Approach

The efficiency of the national innovation system (NIS) is widely considered to be the most important factor of innovation-based economic growth. Using the wide spectrum of different metrics for measuring the efficiency of NIS, modern studies focus mainly on high-income or upper-middle-income countries, while the effectiveness of the NIS in post-Soviet countries has not been studied enough. The post-socialist transformation has led to different models of economic development in these countries, which can be divided into three groups: a group with developed European institutions, a group with a focus on the European path of development, and, finally, a group of countries with an economic model of “state capitalism”. These models formed the trajectory of innovative development. The main purpose of this study is to compare the performance of NIS in post-Soviet countries and to find out whether differences between development institutions can help explain differences in the performance of NIS. The study applies the DEA methodology and considers NISs as homogeneous economic agents, which transform the same types of inputs (knowledge gained using human and financial resources) into the same types of positive outcomes (innovative products and services). The results of a study conducted on data for the period 2011–2018 show that there is no evidence to support the hypothesis that EU institutions or the type of economic model of the country directly relate to the effectiveness of the NIS. The example of Kazakhstan shows that NIS can be effective, even with strong state intervention in the economy. Taken together, the results of the paper suggest that the structure of R&D expenditures by sources of funding and types of research plays an important role in the formation of effective NIS.

The Influence of Demographic Transition Factors on the Demographic Dividends in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between factors of demographic transition and the demographic dividend in developing countries on the example of Kazakhstan. This literature review made it possible to identify two main factors that indirectly impact economic growth: the working-age population and the labor force. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between these factors, taking into account urban and rural areas. The SPSS program was used to confirm four hypotheses. Where Working Age Total is the dependent variable and Women Working Age Urban Population, Women Working Age Rural Population are independent variables for the first two hypotheses. In the third and fourth hypotheses, Labor Force Total is the dependent variable, and Fertility Rate, Fertility Rate Urban, Fertility Rate Rural, Death Rate, Death Rate Urban, Death Rate Rural are independent variables. Data from the official open source information of the Bureau of National Statistics between 2007-2020 was used. According to the results, three hypotheses were partially accepted, one was rejected. The results showed little effect of changing demographic structure in rural areas on the working-age population, except for mortality rate. The birth rate has a positive impact on the working-age population only in cities. The female population of working age, although predominant in terms of the number, has a negligible effect on the labor force. The results of this study can be used to develop and improve existing programs and strategies for managing demographic factors by the government at various levels and in science.

The Process of Telemedicine Implementation in the Context of the Digitalization Process in Kazakhstan

The purpose of this work is to study the process of telemedicine implementation in the context of digitalization of Kazakhstan to identify problems. Development of recommendations for solving these problems, both in the public and in the private sectors of medical services. The scientific significance of the work lies in the contribution of new knowledge on the issue of telemedicine in the example of Kazakhstan, since this issue has been underxplored. The results of this study can be used to further develop the digitalization process of healthcare in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A qualitative method is used, a semi-structured interview with experts in the field of telemedicine implementation was conducted. Atlas.ti software is used for data processing. As a result of the analysis of the interviews, the limitations and problems of the implementation of telemedicine in the country were identified, such as high costs for the provision of IT services and the quality of the Internet, as well as the government’s weak interest in cooperation with the private sector. However, despite these obstacles, the private sector is interested in implementing telemedicine. Analysis of world official data showed that the telemedicine market is growing rapidly, and there is a demand for consultations using telemedicine in the Kazakhstani market. Therefore, there is a need to develop this direction. Recommendations were offered to solve the problems of telemedicine implementation in Kazakhstan. Eliminating the identified problems can accelerate the process of healthcare digitalization, which is a contribution to the development of this area.

Science Impact on Country’s Socio-Economic Development

Studies that address the issues of statistical measurement, algorithms and methods of analysis and assessment of the science impact on country’s socio-economic development are still poorly developed. The degree of research in this area, taking into account the Kazakh specifics, is extremely low. Aim of this study is to research the assessment methods of science impact on the country’s social and economic development and conduct an appropriate assessment using the example of Kazakhstan. The conceptual framework of the methodology is the Impact Assessment Model that assesses the science impact on the development of the country through input (science development) and output (social and economic development) parameters. The information base includes the statistical data from the Bureau of National Statistics for the period from 2011 to 2020. The research results show that the assessment of the science impact can be performed at different levels, as well as different goals, objectives, technological trajectories and economic results that countries strive to achieve. There are index and econometric methods, microeconomic, case studies, patent and bibliometric studies and surveys to assess the science impact. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Today the potential of Kazakhstani science has not yet been revealed and the results of scientific research are used not enough in solving applied problems of the social and economic development of Kazakhstan. The scientific results obtained in the research course can be applied in the activities of Kazakhstani Ministries and can be used in the educational process.

TRENDS FORMED DUE TO THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN THE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

The purpose of the research – comparative study of the impact of socio-economic factors on the current demographic development of the regions of Kazakhstan over the years of independence.Methodology. The method of correlation analysis and the method of cluster analysis of multidimensional statistical and mathematical method for grouping the regions of the country according to their demographic potential were used to study the mutual influence of socio-economic and demographic factors based on many years of official data.The originality / value of the research. On the example of Kazakhstan, the correlation of the influence of socio-economic and demographic factors on time periods was studied and analyzed. The thesis that the growth of the world-class population depends on the growth of its living conditions has been studied for a long time on the example of Kazakhstan, and it has been found that demographic development is formed not from a single economic factor, but from a combination of many factors. The study was carried out by grouping the regions of Kazakhstan in accordance with the demographic potential, grouped by multidimensional factors that characterize the demographic situation of the country.Findings. Socio-economic factors influence the formation of the demographic situation, and the demographic trend that has developed under certain conditions, in turn, contributes to a trend change in the socio-economic situation of the country. In conclusion, it is proved that socio-economic and demographic trends are closely related to each other.

Analysis and Forecast of the Demographic Situation in Kazakhstan

Forecasting demographic processes is a calculation of the future number, gender, and age structure of citizens in the context of individual countries, their regions, regional entities, as well as the whole world as a whole. In the strategic planning of the state’s economic and social situation, the population is important. This research paper provides an analysis of the demographic forecast in the example of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study was to analyze the population of Kazakhstan in the period from 2000 to 2020, identify features, and forecast the population until 2050. The study used methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and a method, that allows, to predict the behavior of processes in the future. Using the method of extrapolation, the coefficients of fertility, mortality, natural, absolute, average population growth, and migration coefficient were determined. Based on the calculated coefficients, the population of the republic was predicted until 2050. The study found that the population in Kazakhstan increased by 200-300 thousand people annually, the birth rate doubled from 2000 to 2020, mortality increased by 7%, there is a high demographic potential in Turkestan and Almaty regions, high, low - in North Kazakhstan, Kostanay and West Kazakhstan regions. The results of the study showed that in 2050 the population will be 26.5 million people. The paper provides recommendations for improving the demographic situation in the country. The results of the study can be applied in the theory of demographic forecasting and in the work on the strategic planning of state bodies.