State and non-state mechanisms for regulating the quality of higher education for promoting it to the European level: The example of Kazakhstan

Abstract

Relevance. This exploration is crucial for understanding how developing countries can enhance their educational frameworks to meet global benchmarks, which in turn contributes to their competitiveness on the world stage. Purpose. The goal of the article is to analyse the most important state and non-state instruments for regulating the domain of tertiary education in the developing country, endeavouring to advance the standard of education to the degree of the developed countries. Methodology. Employing functional and comparative analysis, the study examines 11 key mechanisms for regulating, ensuring, and improving higher education quality in Kazakhstan, juxtaposed with practices from developed countries, particularly those within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). This methodological approach provides insights into the efficacy of these mechanisms in fostering a high-quality educational landscape. Results. Findings reveal two significant waves of increased state attention towards higher education quality, with legislative support being paramount. Kazakhstan has adopted a multifaceted approach involving legislative frameworks, licensing, and accreditation to bolster educational standards. Additionally, the inclusion of non-state mechanisms, such as stakeholder engagement and international accreditation, alongside collaborative efforts between the public and private sectors, has been instrumental. These efforts align with global trends and EHEA guidelines, demonstrating Kazakhstan's commitment to enhancing its educational quality and competitiveness. Conclusions. The analysis underscores the complexity and significance of both state and non-state mechanisms in shaping the quality of higher education in Kazakhstan. By aligning its practices with international standards, particularly those of the EHEA, Kazakhstan is making strides towards integrating its higher education system into the global framework. This integration not only enhances the country's educational standards but also its overall competitiveness, highlighting the critical role of quality assurance mechanisms in achieving educational excellence and global integration.