Evaluation Of Wound Healing Activity Research Articles

Pyroligneous extract, a biomaterial derived from pyrolytic palm kernel shell wood vinegar, as a novel diabetic wound healing aid: an animal study

Objective Wound in diabetes is difficult to heal since it possesses excessive inflammation. The aim of the study was to evaluate wound healing activity of chitosan-based hydrogel containing pyroligneous acid in diabetic animals. Significance Pyroligneous acid, a byproduct of biochar production from palm kernel shell biomass, contained oxygenated compounds which, with extracting enrichment, could promote wound healing. Methods Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male jcl: ICR mice were subjected to create wounds and treat with hydrogel containing pyroligneous extract at dose strengths of 0 (placebo), 100 and 150 µg/g-gel. Commercial gel (Intrasite®) was used as an active comparator. On 3-, 7-, 10- and 14-day post-wounding, wound contraction was rated and wound site tissues were collected. The specimens were H&E stained and microscopically examined to evaluate histological responses. The underline wound healing related cytokine and polypeptide expressions were determined using real-time PCR and western blot. Results It was found that the extract accelerated the healing process in a dose-dependent manner where at dose strength of 150 µg/g-gel was as effective as active comparator. It increased gene expression of the cytokine and related proteins in TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway and may further activate diabetic induced TGF-β downregulation to restore up to the level that healthy skin tissues express. It also enhanced the expressions of Akt, FAK, RhoA and Rac-1 and evidently activated phosphorylation of Akt and FAK. Conclusion The study demonstrated the extract could be a novel biomaterial for healing of such a chronic inflammatory wound as the wound in diabetes.

Evaluation of wound healing activities of Vitex doniana (Black Plum) ethanol fruit extract

In this study, the folkloric use of Vitex doniana fruit extract for the treatment of wounds was evaluated. The mesocarps of the fresh fruits were removed, oven-dried at 40°C and pulverized. The powdered material (800 g), was exhaustively macerated in 80 % ethanol, filtered and dried in a water bath at 40°C. Phytochemical screening and acute dermal toxicity of the extract were investigated. Herbal ointments (10 and 50 %w/w) were formulated using soft paraffin base. The wound-healing effect of the extract was carried out using twenty albino rats divided into four groups (n=5). Groups I (soft paraffin) and II (10 %w/w Povidone-iodine) served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Groups III and IV were topically treated with 10 %w/w and 50 %w/w of the herbal ointment respectively. Treatments and wound grading were assessed once daily and every 4 days, respectively, as well as the timeframe for percentage wound contraction and epithelialization Both the 10 %w/w and 50 %w/w herbal ointments exhibited a concentration-related significant (P<0.05) wound contraction when compared to the control. Epithelialization period of 50 %w/w extract was less than that of the standard drug. The wound closure area of 50 %w/w extract was >positive control >10 %w/w extract > negative control. Histological study of the wounds on the 16th day indicated no sign of dermal toxicity. Some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and tannins were present. In conclusion, the folkloric use of the fruit extract of V. doniana for the treatment of wounds may therefore be justified

Preparation and characterization of an antibacterial CMC/PCL hydrogel films containing CIP/Cur: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of wound healing activity

Wound healing process significantly impeded by prolonged inflammation responses, infection at the wound site, and insufficient angiogenesis. The sustained release of anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial drugs has the potential to control immune responses, improve angiogenesis, accelerate wound healing, and re-epithelialization. In this research a multifunctional hydrogel containing carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and polycaprolactone (PCL), along with Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Curcumin (Cur) was developed. Physicochemical characteristics as well a biological one such as antibacterial and drug release properties, Collagen deposition, inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, and epidermal regenerated thickness were investigated via in vitro and in vivo assay. The results revealed that the CMC/PCL-based wound dressing has the potential to provide an appropriate level of water absorption (~300 %) to absorb wound exudate and ideal WVTR in range of 2279–2363 g/m2 for wound healing application. Addition of CIP and Cur to CMC/PCL hydrogel improved the skin cell proliferation, cell migration, and antibacterial activity. It also led to superior Collagen I synthesis (~2–4 times), controlled pro-inflammatory and improved anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion of macrophages, and accelerated wound healing in comparison to CMC/PCL hydrogel. In conclusion, the engineered multifunctional hydrogel showed a potential effect for accelerating wound healing and skin regeneration.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root of Verbascum Sinaiticum Benth. (Scrophulariaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice.

The roots of Verbascum sinaiticum have been used traditionally for the management of wound in different regions of Ethiopia. Despite the presence of several claims and in vitro studies regarding its role in wound healing, no scientific studies have been conducted so far. Therefore, this study aims to scientifically evaluate the wound healing activities of the crude extract and solvent fractions of the roots of Verbascum sinaiticum in Swiss albino mice. The dried root powder of Verbascum sinaiticum was extracted using 80% methanol by maceration technique. This was then fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. These extracts were formulated as ointment at 5% and 10% concentration by using simple base. Acute dermal toxicity was performed on mice. The wound healing potential was evaluated using excision, incision, and burn wound models. In excision wound, 10% and 5% of crude extract ointment provided a significant (P<0.001) percentage of contraction starting from day 4 and day 6 onwards respectively. Moreover, the rate of epithelialization was significantly (P<0.001) improved in 10% crude extract. In burn wound, 10% and 5% crude extract showed significant (P<0.001) wound contraction starting from day 4 and 8 onwards respectively. In both excision and burn wounds, a moderate concentration of fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition was observed on the 10% crude extract. The 5% and 10% aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions produced a significant (P<0.001) percentage of wound contraction and shortening of epithelialization at different time points compared to simple ointment. The results of this study demonstrated that the 80% methanolic crude extract, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of Verbascum sinaiticum root have wound healing potential which assimilates its traditional use.

Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene glycol films containing bromelain/curcumin: In vitro evaluation of wound healing activity

AbstractIn this study, a wound‐healing membrane was fabricated based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) containing curcumin (Cur) and bromelain (Br). Citric acid (CA) was used as a cross‐linking agent. This membrane showed an ideal degree of swelling, which was significantly dependent on the concentration and duration of cross‐linked CA. The chemical characterization showed the CA cross‐linker mechanism was more associated with chemical reactions with CMC carboxyl groups, and PEG hydroxyl groups played an important role in forming a hybrid polymer network. It greatly enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties, so the stress strength was improved from 29.4 to 38.52 Mpa. The hydrophilicity of the membrane surface according to the water contact angle assay showed the membrane surface is suitable for adhesion, growth, migration, and proliferation of skin cells. The drug delivery assay demonstrated that the Br and Cur were released during 48 h, but the Br followed the burst release in comparison with Cur. Antibacterial properties showed that CMC/PEG‐Cur/Br have ideal antibacterial properties for preventing the growth of bacteria. In summary, the engineered CMC/PEG containing Cur/Br films with desired cell viability properties and antibacterial activity can potentially improve and accelerate skin regeneration for chronic wound healing.Highlights Hydrogel film was prepared based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and citric acid as cross‐linking agent. CMC/PEG film were induced controlling curcumin (Cur) and bromelain (Br) release for wound healing process. CMC/PEG film revealed a wide range of physiochemical, mechanical, adhesion, and biological properties behavior. Incorporation of Cur and Br promoted in vitro biocompatibility, L‐929 cells attachments, and cell migration.

Assessment of in vivo wound healing potentiality of Trapa natans L. leaves on different wound models in rat

The primary goal of this study was to assess the wound healing potentiality of Trapa natans L. Excision and incision models were used to evaluate wound healing activity. For the excision model experiment was conducted for 21 days and for the incision model experiment continued for 10 days. Experimental animals were divided into four groups, the control group received simple ointment, the animal of the standard group treated with 0.2% w/w soframycin ointment, and the test groups received T. natans extract ointment (2.5% w/w &amp; 5% w/w). Wound healing was determined by the rate of contraction, the time required for epithelization, collagen cell formation, the amount of hydroxyproline present in the wound site, and woundbreaking strength. Experimental results of the test showed a comparatively higher rate of contraction, lesser epithelization period, and higher hydroxyproline amount present in the wound area. These results were strengthened by the histopathological studies of the healing area tissues. When the standard and test groups were compared to the control group, statistically significant data were found (p&lt;0.001). The test group had better wound-healing properties as compared to the control group. From the result of this study, it was revealed that T. natans L. is an excellent herbal alternative for treating wounds.

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Linum Usitatissimum (Flax Seed) on Rabbits

Aim: Linum usitatissimum was evaluated for its antibacterial and wound-healing capacity.&#x0D; Methods: This method involved the collection and authentication of the plant, preparation of herbal extract, phytochemical analysis for the prepared extract, development of an herbal formulation for the prepared extract, evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Linum usitatissimum seed extract and the evaluation of the wound healing activity by Excision wound model. The antibiotic activity was studied by cup plate method using a nutrient agar medium. The zone of inhibition was then determined after culturing and incubation.&#x0D; Results: The results of the extract of Linum usitatissimum show antibacterial activity as demonstrated by zone of inhibition when cultured with selected bacterial species (both gram positive and gram negative). Different concentrations of (200 ?g /ml) and (400?g/ml) were used. The extract showed an improved wound healing capacity from the third application as demonstrated by the increase in the percentage of healing (9.55 ± 0.04%) with a significant increase on the sixth day (23 ± 0.4%). Betadine was used as a standard medicament for wound healing.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present research study demonstrated that the medicinal plant Linum usitatissimum seed extract possesses significant antibacterial and wound-healing properties. Based on the observation and the significant results obtained, the researchers can draw that the ethanolic seed extract of Linum usitatissimum produced antibacterial and wound healing activities and the results were authenticated by comparing with reference drugs. Further scientific studies can be taken up and detailed study on the preliminary phytochemical constituent present which may be responsible for these biological activities. At this junction of time, this research study provides justification and scientific evidence for further pharmacological activities that are evaluated in our laboratory.

Development and characterization of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) loaded chitosan polyplex: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of wound healing activity

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is an accelerated diabetic wound healing therapy with promising abilities to promote cell growth, angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and reduce inflammation where its sustainable delivery and release behavior is critical to ensure effective wound healing properties. Therefore, a nanopolyplex was developed here, by encapsulating PDRN with chitosan to affirm its delivery systematically. The physicochemical characterization revealed its successful encapsulation which facilitates the gradual release of PDRN. In vitro studies of the polyplex demonstrated no cytotoxicity and enhanced cell proliferation and migration properties with high antimicrobial activities. In vivo, wound healing studies in Wistar rats dorsal skin defect model induced with diabetes mellitus affirm the highest wound healing activity and wound closure rate by chitosan/PDRN polyplex treatment. Considerably high histopathological changes such as epithelialization, collagen deposition, blood vessels, and hair follicle formation were observed under the polyplex treatment. The immunohistochemical analysis for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) and cluster of differentiation (CD68) revealed the ability of polyplex to increase CD31 expression and decrease CD68 expression thereby promoting the wound healing process. Collectively, these results suggest that significantly accelerated, high-quality wound healing effects could be obtained by the developed chitosan/PDRN polyplex and thus it could be introduced as a potential therapeutic product for diabetic wound healing.

Preparation and Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of New Polyherbal Formulations in Wister Rats

Preparation and Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of New Polyherbal Formulations in Wister Rats

Evaluation of wound healing activity of statin impregnated collagen scaffold in Wistar albino rats

Background: Wound healing is a dynamic process that is affected by various processes. Medications involved in wound healing can interfere with clot formation, inflammation reduction, and cell proliferation. Collagen is the natural existing compound that has the ability to enhance tissue regeneration. Various drugs used for healing have cons like inhibiting DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis, resulting in decreased fibroplasias and neovascularisation of wounds. Objective: The objective of this work is the formulation of the collagen scaffold impregnated with the Atorvastain using cow urine as solvent. Methods: The methodology involves the isolation of the collagen from the bones of the animals by using acetic acid. The obtained collagen was subjected to homogenization and sonification to get a fine powder. To this solvent, Atorvastatin and glycerine were added then it was dried at 60oC for 24 hrs to get the impregnated scaffold. The formulated scaffold was evaluated for wound healing activity by using the excision wound model. Results: The result shows that the scaffolds are good in nature and meet all the standards of the standard scaffold. The wound healing activity is assessed by using the excision wound healing model in rats. The results show the significant value of 99 % wound healing activity from the statin-impregnated scaffold. The biological parameters like total collagen, hexosamine, and uronic acid were evaluated and these observations indicated higher values of 4.024 ± 0.069, 304 ± 4.11, and 75.83 ± 1.93 compared with the plain scaffold. Conclusion: The optimised formulation exhibited good mechanical strength with better wound healing activity. The percent wound healing activity and antimicrobial activity observed from the collagen scaffold was found to be more significant compared with the scaffolds not containing statins.

Extraction, Isolation Of Chemical Compounds And Evaluation Of Wound Healing Activity Of Bombax Ceiba Plant

Herbal plants have a lot of benefits over conventional drugs, including the fact that they usually have less frequent side-effects and might be non-toxic if used for a long time. B. Ceiba is an enormous, stunning, and deciduous tree and native for Northern Australian origin. The present study was based on the extraction, isolation of chemical compounds and evaluation of wound healing activity of Bombax ceiba plant. The chemicals and instruments were obtained from the certified manufacturer and suppliers only. B. ceiba roots and flowers were collected and authenticated from a Botanist at MJPRU Bareilly. The extraction process was done by maceration process. Pharmacological (wound healing) potential was evaluated by wound contraction, re-epithelization, and histopathology. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetoacetate and methanol extracts of B. ceiba were examined for its phytoconstituents. Wistar rats weighing 130-210g were obtained from the Dept. of Pharmacy, MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly. The % yield was obtained as 59% for n-hexane, 62% for chloroform, 58% for ethyl acetoacetate and 65% for methanol. According to the preliminary phytochemical analysis, the methanolic B. ceiba extracts showed excellent phytoconstituents of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, etc. when compared with other solvents extracts. In results, all the groups of animals showed an excellent wound healing activity when compared with control group after 15th day of exposure with treatments. The B. ceiba N-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetoacetate, and methanol demonstrated rats showed the re-epithelization period of 11.20±0.62**, 12.17±1.30***, 9.3±1.23** and 10.4±1.12***, respectively. It is concluded that each of these has considerably exhibited wound healing potential. It suggests, to isolate the active constituent responsible for the activity.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of GelMA/PCLMA fibrous composites in diabetic model rats

New strategies are necessary to develop bandages to poor wound healing from diabetic patients. Here, we produced different groups of multifunctional bandages using electrospinning and surface functionalization, then we evaluated the skin tissue regeneration using an in vivo diabetes model. The bandages displayed good tissue integration, evidenced by fibroblast adhesion and mature collagen (type I) formation. The group have developed these biomaterials and it have been using for different biomedical applications.

LC-TOF-MS/MS and GC-MS based phytochemical profiling and evaluation of wound healing activity of Oroxylum Indicum (L.) Kurz (Beka).

Background: Beka (Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz) has been used as a culinary herb and natural remedy by the local communities in Malaysia. The leaf of O. indicum is traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhea, high blood pressure, and improving digestive health. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and wound healing properties (in vitro and in vivo models) of aqueous and ethanol extracts of O. indicum leaves. Methods: The total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents in the plant extracts were determined by the spectrophotometric methods. Further, the extract was characterized by Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS/MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The wound healing activity was assessed using the in vitro scratch wound-healing assay and in vivo excisional wound model. Results: The results show the ethanol leaves extract had the higher TPC (164mg GAE/g) when compared with the aqueous leaves extract (30mg gallic acid equivalents/g). The ethanol leaves extract was also found to have higher TFC (101mg Catechin equivalents/g) than the aqueous leaves extract (76mg Catechin equivalents/g). The ethanol leaves extract was then used for further chemical analysis. The LC-TOF-MS/MS analysis showed that the leaves extracts of O. indicum contains many important compounds such as Orientin, Chrysin, Pinoquercetin, Cupressuflavone, Puerarin xyloside, Forsythiaside and Paederoside. In GC-MS analysis, 19 compounds were identified in ethanolic leaves extract. The wound healing studies shows that O. indicum has promising wound healing activity by increasing the rate of wound contraction significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study showed that O. indicum leaf contains important phytochemicals and the wound healing potential of the O. indicum extract may probably be as a result of the presence of various phytoconstituents.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Dhataki Pushpa ointment (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.) on Sadyavrana (excised wound) - An experimental study

Background: Woodfordia fruiticosa Kurz. of Lythraceae is a shrub whose blooms are called Dhataki Kusuma. The fresh flower of W. fruticosa controls bleeding in emergency cuts, whereas the dried flower powder heals wounds faster. Indian tribes utilise it to cure wounds. No scientific evidence supported using W. fruticosa to treat wounds, hence the present study assessed the plant's wound healing ability. Aim: To find out the efficacy of Dhataki Pushpa ointment on Sadyavrana (excised wound). Material &amp; Methodology: BSI (Botanical Survey of India) verified Dhataki flowers. The ointment was prepared and then standardised. This research randomly chose 12 Wistar rats (six for Dhataki Pushpa ointment, and six for betadine). Albino rats (Wistar) of both sexes weighing 150-200 g were used in this research to examine the impact of Dhataki Pushpa ointment on the healing of Sadyavrana (incised wound). Observations: Progressively wound contraction was assessed on 0 days, 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th days in both groups using graph paper (mm2) and represented as a percentage. Result: the statistical analysis (unpaired t-test) revealed that there is a significant difference in the wound healing activity of both the ointments on Sadyavrana (p&lt;0.0001). Discussion: Dhataki extract is antibacterial and antifungal. Tannins and alcohol concentration may speed wound contraction and healing. Reduced wound contraction indicates Dhataki ointment's superiority over betadine. Conclusion: Dhataki flower ointment has a significant effect on Sadyavrana when compared with betadine ointment.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of 80% Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Urtica simensis in Mice.

BackgroundLeaves of Urtica simensis (U. simensis) have been used traditionally for wound healing in different communities in Ethiopia. In spite of this, there were no scientific data documented regarding the wound healing activity of this plant. There is a need to investigate herbal remedies for the treatment of wounds in order to overcome the limitations of conventional drugs.Aim of the StudyAim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of U. simensis in mice.MethodsLeaves of U. simensis were washed, dried under shade and ground into coarse powder and then extracted by 80% methanol with three consecutive macerations. Part of the extract was fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform and water. In excision and burn wounds, healing progress was measured by wound contraction, epithelialization period and histopathology investigation whereas incision wound healing was assessed by skin breaking strength.ResultsIn excision wound model, the 5% and 10% crude extract ointments showed significant (p < 0.001) wound contractions during day 8 to day 16 evaluations. Similarly, in burn wound model, both 5% and 10% crude extract ointments produced significant (p < 0.001) wound contractions starting from day 12 and 10, respectively. In both models, the periods of epithelialization were also significantly reduced and favorable histopathologic changes were produced by the crude extract ointments. The solvent fractions of the crude extract as well produced significant wound contractions as evaluated in excision wound model. The fractions also significantly reduced the period of epithelialization in this model. The aqueous fraction found to be more active than either chloroform or n-hexane fraction in wound healing.ConclusionResults of this study indicated that methanol extract and aqueous fractions of the leaves of U. simensis possess dose-dependent wound healing activity, thus supporting traditional claims.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity (Excision Wound Model) of Ointment Prepared from Infusion Extract of Polyherbal Tea Bag Formulation in Diabetes-Induced Rats

In the present investigation, Ichnocarpus frutescens, Ficus dalhousiae, Crateva magna, Alpinia galanga, and Swertia chirata plants were selected to formulate polyherbal tea bag. The infusion obtained from these polyherbal tea bags was used to formulate 5% and 10% ointment formulation to perform its wound healing activity. The excision wound model was used to assess the wound healing activity in diabetic as well nondiabetic rats. The mean percentage closure of wound area was calculated on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th, and finally 21st day. The wound healing activity of formulation was found to be significantly compared with that of the reference standard and untreated groups. The percentages of closure of excision wound area on the 21st day in diabetic animals treated with ointment formulations (F1 and F2) were found to be 93.91 ± 1.65% and 99.12 ± 5.21% respectively, whereas the chloramphenicol sodium drug solution was found to be 99.81 ± 3.16%. The percentages of closure of excision wound area in nondiabetic animals treated with ointment formulations (F1 and F2) were found to be 96.81 ± 2.04% and 98.13 ± 1.14%, respectively, whereas the chloramphenicol sodium drug solution was found to be 99.15 ± 1.41% at 21st day. Therefore, from the above results, we have concluded that this polyherbal ointment can be used clinically for the treatment of diabetic and nondiabetic wounds.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of topical nicotine in an excision wound model in rats

Background: Wound can be defined as disruption of cellular, anatomical, or functional continuity of living tissues. Nicotine causes damage to the epithelial layer of blood vessel and delays wound healing. It plays an important pathogenic role in impaired wound healing. Although in the last millennium, topical use of nicotine has been reported. It promotes collagen synthesis and, in turn, promotes wound healing. The role of topical nicotine on wound healing is controversial. Therefore, it was planned to evaluate and compare wound healing activity of various doses topical nicotine in rats. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of topical nicotine on wound healing in an excision wound model in rats. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of the wound healing effects of the nicotine, excision wound model was used. Nicotine was applied topically in a dose of 1.5 g%, 3.0 g%, and 6.0 g% petroleum base. Petroleum jelly served as control for topical nicotine. Dressing done by applying topical nicotine until (20 days) complete wound healing was observed. Parameters evaluated were surface area of wound and percentage closure. Results: Findings of this show that, on day 4, nicotine 3.0 g% and 6 g% the wound surface area were more as compared to control. On day 12, nicotine 6.0 g% showed significantly more wound surface area than control (P &lt; 0.05). Percentage wound contraction with topical nicotine (6.0 g%) was less as compared to control on day 4, 8, and 12 (P &lt; 0.001). On day 16, percentage wound contracture with topical nicotine (6.0 g%) contraction was significantly less as compared to control (P &lt; 0.05). Although percentage wound contraction with topical nicotine (all preparations) and control was similar on day 20. Conclusion: Finding shows that topical nicotine impairs wound healing in a dose related pattern during initial stages of healing in an excision wound model. However, there is no delay in wound healing with any dose of topical nicotine.

Preparation and characterization of succinyl chitosan and succinyl chitosan nanoparticle film: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of wound healing activity

Development of novel wound dressing materials having the ability to prevent bacterial infections and capable of accelerating the tissue regeneration process is utmost important, since the wounds in patients can cause severe health issues. In the present work, we synthesized novel N-succinyl chitosan nanoparticles (N-SuC NPs) films and tested their antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and in vitro and in vivo wound healing activity. N-SuC NPs were synthesized by ionic gelation method, and subsequently N-SuC NPs films were prepared by solution casting method using synthesized N-SuC NPs. The prepared N-SuC NPs films showed significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 6 mg/mL and <8 mg/mL, respectively. The biocompatibility and the in vitro wound healing activity of N-SuC NPs films were analyzed using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. In vivo cutaneous wound healing of the N-SuC NPs film was investigated using the Wister rat model, and the studies showed that the N-SuC NPs film significantly accelerated the wound healing process by inducing more blood vessels formation and tissue granulation. The experimental results showed that synthesized N-SuC NPs film had excellent antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and wound healing activity, indicating that it could be used in biomedical applications.

Preparation and evaluation of wound healing activity of phytosomes of crocetin from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis in rats

Background and aimOrange colored tubular calyx of the flowers of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis contains an apocarotenoid crocin as a major ingredient, which is originally detected to be major colouring principle of saffron stigma. Saffron stigma exhibits good wound healing activity owing to the presence of crocin. The present study is aimed at isolation of crocetin, from tubular calyx of N. arbortristis and improve stability through entrapping in vesicles followed by evaluation of wound healing activity of the topical formulation thereof. Experimental procedureCrocetin was isolated by treating ethanolic extract of tubular calyx of N. arbor-tristis with sodium bicarbonate followed by regeneration of crocetin using hydrochloric acid. The phytosomes were prepared by lipid film hydration technique. The gel containing phytosomes equivalent to crocetin 1% w/w, was then evaluated for wound healing activity through applications on incision and excision wounds inflicted in Wister albino rats. ResultsStability of crocetin was found to be increased due to entrapment into phytosomes. The studies revealed that both types of wounds upon treatment with gel containing crocetin phytosomes, indicated good wound healing potential, as the epithelization period was significantly (P < 0.001)decreased as compared to the control group from 26 to 9 days, in excision wound model and significant (P < 0.001)increase in breaking strength of repaired skin, as compared to control from 328.8 to 857.0 gm in incision wound model. ConclusionCrocetin from tubular calyx of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis indicated to be potential wound healing phytoconstituent.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Methanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Vernonia auriculifera Hiern (Asteraceae) in Mice.

BackgroundMedicinal plants play an important role in treating various diseases. Vernonia auriculifera Hiern is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for the management of wounds. However, there were no scientific reports documented so far on the wound healing activities to substantiate the claim. Thus, the present study provides a scientific evaluation for the wound healing potential of the crude extract as well as solvent fractions of the leaves of Vernonia auriculifera Hiern.MethodsExtraction was carried out by maceration using 80% methanol and part of the crude extract fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solvents. Simple ointment bases were prepared using hard paraffin, cetostearyl alcohol, white soft paraffin and wool fat according to British Pharmacopoeia. Then, two types of ointment formulations were prepared from the extract, ie, 5% w/w and 10% w/w. Mice and rats were employed for wound healing study and dermal toxicity test, respectively. Wound healing effects were evaluated by percent of wound contraction, period of epithelialization, tensile strength, and histological analysis as parameters in excision, incision, and burn wound models. Finally, the data were expressed as mean ± SEM, and the results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey-test.ResultsIn the excision wound model, the 10% w/w crude extract ointment showed significant wound contraction (P < 0.001) from day 4 to day 18 as compared to the negative control. Both the 5% w/w (P < 0.001) and 10% w/w (P < 0.05) crude extract ointments have showed statistically significant difference in epithelialization period as compared to the negative control. Groups treated with the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions ointments in incision wound model showed a statistically significant (P < 0.001) increase in tensile. The 10% w/w and 5% w/w ointments of the crude extract showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in breaking strength compared to simple ointment and the untreated control groups. In burn wound model, significant reduction in epithelialization period was observed in 5% w/w (P < 0.05) and 10% w/w (P < 0.001), and the percentage of wound contraction was significantly increased in most of post wounding days by 10% w/w (P < 0.001) and 5% w/w (P < 0.05) crude extract ointments and compared to the negative control.ConclusionThe crude, aqueous, and ethyl acetate fraction of Vernonia auriculifera leaves possess wound healing activities. This finding justifies the use of the leaves of this plant for wound healing as claimed in the traditional medicine literature.