Evaluation Of Wound Healing Activity Research Articles

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Acacia caesia in rats

Abstract Acacia caesia (L.) is a leguminous perennial climbing shrub belonging to the family Mimosaceae, and is native to south-east Asia. Despite the traditional practice of using the bark juice for wound healing there is no scientific report on the wound healing properties of this plant. Ethno pharmacologically the bark of A. caesia has significant prohealing activity. The higher levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and saponins noted in the bark extracts of A. caesia could be responsible for the medicinal properties of this plant. Secondary metabolites that serve as the defensive agents are produced under stressed condition by the plants. Wound healing activity of A. caesia bark ethanolic extract were investigated by excision and incision wound healing models in Wistar male rats in comparison with reference standard Betadine. Wounds treated with topical application of 5% W/W A. caesia ethanolic extract were found to heal faster as evidenced by observing the rate of epithelialization and percentage of wound contraction. The increase in tensile strength of treated wounds may be due to the increase in collagen and synthesis of new extracellular matrix molecules Hexosamine and Uronic acid, which acts as a ground substratum. Tensile strength was doubled in 5% W/W A. caesia ethanol extract treated tissue. Wound tissues formed on days 4, 8, 12 and 16 were used to estimate DNA, total protein, total collagen, hexosamine and uronic acid. It is observed in ACEE treated groups that the amount of protein, hexosamine, collagen and uronic acid increased from day 4 to day 12 and thereafter there was a gradual decrease until the 16th day.

Screening of Wound Healing Activity of a Polyherbal Formulation

The study aimed to prepare a polyherbal formulation containing Ficus bengalensis, Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa and to evaluate wound healing activity of polyherbal formulations. Both ointments formulated with hydro alcoholic and chloroform extract showed significant wound contraction during the first week and continued to promote decrease in wound size up to 16 th day. In excision wound model it was observed that the polyherbal formulated ointment of 2% chloroform extract showed a significant result when compared with polyherbal ointment formulation (hydro alcoholic). The wound healing activity of the prepared polyherbal ointment was found to be faster when applied on the experimental animals. The present study confirms the potential value of the polyherbal ointment as a wound healing product.

English

Evaluation of wound healing activity of polyherbal and Euphorbia hirta formulations was done. The study aimed at preparing a polyherbal formulation containing equal proportions of ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta, Eclipta alba, dried rhizome ofCurcuma longa and gel of Aloe barbadensis. Excision wound, incision wound and granulaoma wound models were studied. In excision wound model it was observed that 100% wound healing was found on 12th day of the experiment on application of 10% polyherbal ointment and 100% wound contraction was found on 16th day of application of 10% ointment of E. hirta. The results were statistically compared with control and found significant. Similarly, period of epithelilization, biochemical parameters and weight of granuloma tissues showed better results in the treated groups when compared with control in the studied wound models. Thus it is concluded that topical and oral formulations were found to contain significant wound healing activity. Key words: Excision wound, incision wound, granuloma.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of atranorin, a lichen secondary metabolite, on rodents

The aim of this study was to investigate the wound healing activity of atranorin cream (Patent requested) on excision wounds. Seventy-two male rats were anesthetized and an excisional wound was performed. Then the rats were randomly assigned into three groups: untreated control group; atranorin 1 (group treated with 1% AT ointment); and atranorin 5 (group treated with 5% AT ointment). Six animals of each group were euthanized 3, 7, 14 or 21 days after surgical procedures and the wounded areas were analyzed and removed. Serial histological sections were obtained and stained by histochemical techniques (Hematoxilin-Eosin-HEand Sirius red) and immunohistochemical techniques. Topical application of atranorin reduced wound areas, induced earlier granulation tissue formation, increased cell proliferation, improved collagenization and modulated the myofi broblasts differentiation when compared to control animals. It is suggested that atranorin modulates the wound healing process. These data suggest that this formulation based on atranorin extracted from Cladina kalbii AHTI may be a new biotechnological product for wound healing clinical applications.

Excision Wound Healing and Antioxidant Activity of Different Root Extract of <i>Plumbago indica</i>

The present study was to evaluate wound healing activity of ethanolic, chloroform and hexane extracts of root of Plumbago indica using excision wound model and also in its antioxidant activity. The tested animals were divided into five groups with five in each group 10% w/v of each extract was prepared in normal saline with 0.1% propylene glycol. The anti-oxidant activities of different root extracts were investigated including scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide, DPPH and free radicals of superoxide anion in vitro . Ethanol extract of Plumbago indica were found to possess better wound healing activity than the chloroform and hexane extract, and it was more effective than the commercial wound healing agent Burnol tried in experiments with complete wound healing on the 9 th day. It showed rapid epithelization, better wound closure and reduction of infection. Hexane extract also had good wound healing capacity while the chloroform extract was found to be ineffective as a wound healing agent. Biochemical analysis post wound healing showed normal counts while the differential WBC counts was the higher in the mice treated with chloroform extract and it was even higher in the untreated mice. The results showed that the ethanolic extract has powerful antioxidant potential and hexane extract showed some antioxidant activity while chloroform extract was ineffective as an antioxidant. The ethanolic extract of Plumbago indica had good wound healing capacity and also showed good antioxidant property than the other extracts.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of ferulic acid in diabetic rats

In diabetic patients, there is impairment in angiogenesis, neovascularisation and failure in matrix metalloproteineases (MMPs), keratinocyte and fibroblast functions, which affects wound healing mechanism. Hence, diabetic patients are more prone to infections and ulcers, which finally result in gangrene. Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, rice bran and sweet corn. In this study, wound healing activity of FA was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using excision wound model. FA-treated wounds were found to epithelise faster as compared with diabetic wound control group. The hydroxyproline and hexosamine content increased significantly when compared with diabetic wound control. FA effectively inhibited the lipid peroxidation and elevated the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and nitric oxide levels along with the increase in the serum zinc and copper levels probably aiding the wound healing process. Hence, the results indicate that FA significantly promotes wound healing in diabetic rats.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Acacia leucophloea bark in rats

Wound healing activity of the bark extracts of Acacia leucophloea Willd., Fabaceae, was investigated by excision and incision wound healing models in Wistar male rats. Ethanolic extract based ointment of A. leucophloea bark (2 and 5% (w/w)) was formulated and evaluated for its wound healing in Wistar male rats. In comparision with a standard wound healing ointment betadine. A. leucophloea ethanolic extract ointment exhibited marked wound healing activity and significantly enhanced the wound contraction and the period of epithelialization as assessed by wound contraction rate, tensile strength, increasing of DNA, collagen and protein synthesis and histopathological examination. The formulated ointment might well find use as skin repair agent without hazard to human health based on these results.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Tecomaria capensis leaves

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential wound healing activity of Tecomaria capensis leaves extract (TCLE) using different models in rats. (a) Excision wound model, (b) Incision wound model and (c) Dead space wound model. TCLE (100, 300, 1 000 and 2 000 mg·kg−1) was given to rats to observe acute toxicity. No toxicity was found in animals till 14 days. TCLE 5% and 10% ointment were applied topically in excision wound model and incision wound model. TCLE 200 and 400 mgkg−1 were given orally in dead space wound model. It improved healing in excision wound model, increased breaking strength of tissue in incision wound model, and increased granuloma breaking strength and hydroxyproline content in dead space wound model. These results showed that TCLE presents significant wound healing activity

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Ammannia baccifera and Blepharis maderaspatensis leaf extracts on rats

Wound healing activity of the leaf extracts of Ammannia baccifera L., Lythraceae, and Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth., Acanthaceae, was investigated by excision and incision wound healing models in rats. A phytochemical screening was done to determine the major constituents of the chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanolic fractions of ethanolic leaf extracts. The excision and incision models were used to assess the effect of the plant extracts on wound healing in rats. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids in the extract. The wound healing effect was comparatively evaluated with a standard drug Framycetin cream. Significant wound healing activity was observed for the creams prepared with 5% ethanol fraction of B. maderaspatensis and 5% chloroform fraction of A. baccifera ethanolic leaf extracts. The results of histopathological evaluation supported the outcome of both incision and excision wound models. Ethanolic fraction of B. maderaspatensis and chloroform fraction of A. baccifera exhibited marked wound healing activity. B. maderaspatensis extract displayed a remarkable wound healing activity compared to A. baccifera.

WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF WRIGHTIA TINCTORIA (ROXB) R. BR

The study was aimed to evaluate wound healing activity of 70% ethanolic and methanolic extracts of leaves of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb) R. Br (Apocynaceae) using incision and excision wound models on Wistar rats. Wound contraction and period of epithelization were assessed in excision wound model whereas wound tensile strength was determined in case of incision wound model. 4% Wrightia tinctoria methanolic leaf extract phytosome exhibited significant wound healing potential when compared with standard 0.2% nitrofurazone ointment.

Pharmacological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Daucus carota Linn root formulated cream on wound healing using excision and incision wound model

ObjectiveDaucus carota L. (Carrot) (Apiaceae) is used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of variety of ailments. The aim of present investigation was to formulate and evaluate wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Daucus carota L. root on excision wound model and incision wound model. MethodsThe soft paraffin based cream containing 1%, 2% and 4% w/w of ethanolic extract of Daucus carota L. (EEDC) root was formulated and evaluated for pharmaceutical parameters such as rheological properties, pH, skin irritation and external characters. Excision wounds sized 300 mm2 and 2 mm depth were used for the study of rate of contraction of wound and epithelization at different time intervals. Incision wounds six centimeter long and two linear-paravertebral incisions were used for the study of tensile strength, total protein and hydroxyproline content measured on 10th day old incision wound. ResultsEthanolic extract of Daucus carota L. root cream formulation when applied topically did not show any sign and symptoms of skin irritation. Animals treated with topical EEDC cream formulation (1%, 2% and 4% w/w) showed significance decrease in wound area, epithelization period and scar width whereas rate of wound contraction significantly increased (P <0.01, P <0.001 and P <0.001 resp.) as compared to control group animals in excision wound model. In incision wound model there was significant increase (P <0.01 and P <0.001) in tensile strength, hydroxyproline content and protein content of animals treated with topical EEDC cream formulation (2% and 4% w/w, respectively). ConclusionsWound-healing property of ethanolic extract of Daucus carota L. root may be attributed to the various phytoconstituents like flavonoids and phenolic derivatives present in the root and the quicker process of wound healing could be a function of either its antioxidant or antimicrobial potential. The present findings provide scientific evidence to the ethanomedicinal properties of Daucus carota in wounds healing activity.

Evaluation of wound healing activities of kefir products

Kefirs are natural probiotic compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties which were tested in experimental burn injury. Kefir gels were prepared from an extract of continuously cultured kefir grains in MRS Broth medium for 24, 48 and 96h. Similar burn injuries were made on dorsal skin surface of 56 rats. After 24h the wounds were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The infected rats were divided in to 7 groups of 8 rats each. The base gel, silver sulfadiazine ointment, kefir 24h gel, kefir 48h gel, kefir 96h gel and kefir grains 96h gel were applied twice a day. Burn wound area was measured at baseline, one and two weeks. After two weeks the animals in all groups were sacrificed and whole skin wound areas were removed and percentage of epithelization, scar formation, inflammation and angiogenesis were evaluated. Results indicated that at the end of the 2nd week the percentage of wound size were lowest in order of kefir 96h gel<kefir grains 96h gel<kefir 48h gel<kefir 24h gel<silver sulfadiazine 1%<untreated and based gel groups. At the end of the 2nd week the percentage of inflammation was lower and percentage of epithelization and scar formation was higher in order of kefir 96h gel, kefir grains 96h gel, kefir 48h gel, kefir 24h gel, silver sulfadiazine 1%, base gel and untreated groups. In conclusion the kefir gel therapy was an effective therapeutic approach to improve outcomes after severe burn as compared to conventional silver sulfadiazine treatment.

Wound Healing Activity of Hemigraphis Colorata

Preliminary phytochemical studies of Methanolic extract of Hemigraphis colorata have shown the presence of alkaloids, tannins, proteins and steroids. The objective of the study was to evaluate wound healing activity of the methanolic extract ointment of dried leaves of Hemigraphis colorata in albino rats. Wound healing activity was determined in rats, after topical application of 5%w/w methanolic extract ointment of dried leaves of Hemigraphis colorata, using excision and incision models. The animals were divided into three groups of 6 each in all the models. In the excision model, group I animals were treated topically with simple ointment IP as placebo control, group II were treated topically with Wokadine ointment (5% w/w Povidone iodide) as reference standard, and group III were treated with 5%w/w of methanolic extract ointment of dried leaves of Hemigraphis colorata/day. In incision model, group I animals were treated topically with simple ointment IP as placebo control, group II were treated topically with Wokadine ointment (5%w/w Povidone iodide) as reference standard, and group III were treated with 5%w/w of methanolic extract ointment of dried leaves of Hemigraphis colorata/day. In excision wound model the wound closure was significantly higher when compared to control group (P<0.001) and it was comparable to that of standard Wokadine ointment (5% w/w Povidone iodide). In incision wound model healing was assessed by the tensile strength (skin breaking strength). The tensile strength in extract treated animals were significantly more when compared to simple ointment IP as placebo control (P<0.001) and it was comparable to that of standard ointment. The increase in tensile strength of treated wounds may be due to the increase in collagen concentration per unit area and stabilisation of fibers. The results encouraged the use of Hemigraphis colorata for the topical management of wound and in depth study about the active constituents is necessary.Â

Macroscopic evaluation of wound healing activity of the Persian shallot, Allium hirtifolium in rat

Wound is a break in the outer layer of skin. There are several different methods to provoke wound healing process, consisting topically or orally administration of medicinal drugs or herbal remedies. Persian shallot, Allium hirtifolium which belongs to the same genus of garlic,naturally grows in different parts of Iran. In this study, we have avaluated the wound healing activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of A .hirtifolium Boiss. Four bilateral full-thickness wounds (2 on each side) were made on the dorsal area of four adult albino rats weighing 165±35 gr under general anesthesia. Right side wounds were treated in experimental groups,while left side wounds were considered as control littermates. One day after surgery, a gellike 1:1 mixture of A. hirtifolium extract and methylcellulose were topically applied (100 mg/kg/day) to the experimental wounds while the wounds in control groups were treated with the extract-free gel for 12 days. At days 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12, digital photos of wounds were taken using of Scion image software, for analyzing the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialisation and speed of healing. The results revealed that A. hirtifolium can accelerate wound healing by increasing the rate of epithelialisation. We concluded that A. hirtifolium extract may be clinically useful in management of open wounds treatment procedures.

Wound healing activity of flaxseed Linum usitatissimum L. in rats

Wound healing is a complex process which requires special factors and condition. Drugs which accelerate wound healing are expanded, particularly herbal drugs which are mainly safe and effective. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate wound healing activity of flaxseed oil on experimentally induced incision wound. The therapeutic ointments were prepared according to two concentrations, 0.75 and 1.5%, and were applied to wound. 32 male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats. Two circle-shapes, full thickness wounds with 7 mm 2 in diameters were made in both side of backbone. Tissue samples were obtained at the end of 3, 7, 14 and 21 days from all groups and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, then were reviewed under light microscope. Treated animals showed significant reduction of inflammatory cells in the period of re-epithelization. Flaxseed oil significantly accelerates wound healing process and suggested flaxseed as an effective herbal drug for wound in skin.

Preparation and characterisation of bFGF-encapsulated liposomes and evaluation of wound-healing activities in the rat

Objective The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has a very short half-life in vivo, and this limits its therapeutic value for frequent administration. Liposome technology was used to improve the stability of bFGF and to prolong its effects in vivo. Methods bFGF-encapsulated liposomes (bFGF-lip) were prepared using the pH gradient method. Four critical factors were investigated including concentration of citric acid solution, incubation time of blank liposomes, incubation temperature and sonication time. The pharmacodynamics of bFGF-lip was investigated by establishing a deep second-degree burns model in rats. Results The optimal bFGF-lip were characterised by high entrapment efficiency (79.88 ± 3.37%), good physical stability ( K E: 1.02 ± 0.413%) and high bioactivity ((6.147 ± 0.769) × 10 5 IU ml −1). The middle dose of bFGF-lip (60 IU ml −1) demonstrated the fastest tissue collagen generation as well as the earliest and highest tumour growth factor (TGF)-β1 and dermal cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)) expression as compared with other treatments. Conclusion Results of the present study imply that bFGF-lip have promising prospects for application in wound-healing therapies.

Investigating wound healing, tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extracts of Salvia cryptantha and Salvia cyanescens using in vivo and in vitro experimental models

Salvia L. species are widely used against wounds and skin infections in Turkish folk medicine. The aim of the present study is to evaluate wound healing activity of the ethanol (EtOH) extracts of Salvia cryptantha and Salvia cyanescens. For the assessment of wound healing activity linear incision and circular excision wound models were employed on rats and mice. The wound healing effect was comparatively evaluated with the standard skin ointment Madecassol(®). Inhibition of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in skin aging, was achieved using ELISA microplate reader. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radical scavenger effect, ferrous ion-chelating ability, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. The EtOH extract of Salvia cryptantha treated groups of animals showed 56.5% contraction, whereas the reference drug Madecassol(®) showed 100% contraction. On the other hand, the same extract on linear incision wound model demonstrated a significant increase (33.2%) in wound tensile strength as compared to other groups. The results of histopathological examination maintained the upshot of linear incision and circular excision wound models as well. These findings specify that Salvia cryptantha for wound healing activity can be appealed further phytochemical estimation for spotting its active components.

Pharmacological evaluation of ameliorative effect of aqueous extract of Cucumis sativus L. fruit formulation on wound healing in Wistar rats

Aim: The aim of present investigation was to formulate and evaluate the ameliorative effect of aqueous extract of Cucumis sativus L. fruit cream formulation on experimentally induced wounds in rats. Materials and Methods: The cream was formulated using soft white paraffin base containing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w of aqueous extract of of Cucumis sativus L. fruit. Excision wounds of size 300 mm 2 and 2 mm depth were used for the study of rate of contraction of wound and epithelization. All the three formulations were evaluated for various pharmaceutical parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, and acute skin irritation study. Epithelialization period, wound contraction, scar width, and histopathological evaluation parameters were used for pharmacological evaluation of wound healing activity of the formulation. Statistical Analysis: All the results were expressed as mean±SEM. Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5.0 software (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical comparisons were made between drug-treated groups and disease control animals. Data of disease activity index were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance; Dunnett's multiple range test was applied for post hoc analysis, whereas data of wound area and percent wound contraction were analyzed using two-way repeated analysis of variance, Bonferroni's multiple range test was applied for post hoc analysis. A value of P Results: Cream formulation of AECS when applied topically did not show any sign and symptoms of skin irritation. The treatment with aqueous extract of C. sativus fruit cream formulation (2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w) resulted in significance decrease ( P P P P Conclusion: The present investigation demonstrates that by virtue of its antioxidant property and presence of the flavanoids content in C. sativus may responsible for wound contraction and elevated rate of epithelization in wound healing in laboratory animals.

Evaluation of wound-healing activity of Acorus calamus Linn.

The aim of the present study was to assess the wound-healing activity of ethanolic extracts of Acorus calamus leaves. A wound was induced by an excision- and incision-based wound model in rats of either sex. The mature green leaves of A. calamus were collected and authenticated. Extractions of dried leaves were carried out with 80% ethanol in a soxhlet apparatus. For wound-healing activity, the extracts were applied topically once daily in conc. of 40% w/w and 20% w/w in the form of ointment and compared with a standard drug (povidion-iodine). The healing of the wound was assessed by the rate of wound closure, period of epithelialisation, tensile strength and weight of the granulation tissue, hydroxyproline content and histopathology of the granulation tissue. The ethanolic extract of A. calamus promoted wound-healing activity significantly in both the wound models studied. The histological study of the granulation tissue with 20% A. calamus extract ointment-treated animals showed a larger number of inflammatory cells and lesser collagen when compared with the 40% A. calamus extract ointment-treated animals. However, this was better than the control group of animals. Enhanced wound contraction, decreased epithelialisation time, increased hydroxyproline content and histological characteristics suggest that A. calamus extract may have therapeutic benefits in wound healing.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of root of Mimosa pudica

Ethno pharmacological relevance Mimosa pudica, commonly known as touch-me-not, is used in folklore medicine in arresting bleeding and in skin diseases. Aim There was no scientific evidence justifying the use of Mimosa pudica, therefore the present study was aimed at evaluation of wound healing activity of the plant. Materials and methods In the present study the roots of Mimosa pudica were studied for wound healing activity by incorporating the methanolic and the total aqueous extract in simple ointment base B.P. in concentration of 0.5% (w/w), 1% (w/w) and 2% (w/w). Wound healing activity was studied in three types of model in rats viz. excision, incision and estimation of biochemical parameter. In case of the excision wound model wound contraction and period of epithelization was studied while in incision wound model was evaluated by determining tensile strength and hydroxyproline content in the scab. Results Treatment of wound with ointment containing 2% (w/w) the methanolic and 2% (w/w) the total aqueous extract exhibited significant ( P < 0.001) wound healing activity. The methanolic and total aqueous extracts were analyzed for total phenols content equivalent to Gallic acid. The content of total phenols was 11% (w/w) and 17% (w/w) in methanolic and total aqueous extract respectively. Conclusion The methanolic extract exhibited good wound healing activity probably due to phenols constituents.