European Principles Research Articles

Streamlining legislation as a way to increase its effectiveness at the present stage

Legislation as a system of normative legal acts is one of the legal means of regulating social relations, the quality and timeliness of the adoption and application of which determines its effectiveness. Effectiveness of legislation has been and is one of the problems at any historical stage of state formation, because it determines the stability and development of all social relations in respect of which legal influence is carried out. The problem of the effectiveness of legislation in conditions of emergency, including martial law, is of great importance, since ensuring the full functioning of public power, the economy, ensuring and restoring the rights and freedoms of citizens, the country’s defense capability in the conditions of the ongoing war, directly depends on legal support, its compliance with objective realities and the ability to exert an ordering influence on social relations. In connection with martial law and Ukraine’s acquisition of the status of a candidate for EU membership, the subjects of lawmaking adopt a significant number of legal acts, both primary and those that amend and supplement existing and existing ones, different legal force, in different spheres of public relations, designed for different periods of action, which sometimes contradict each other, do not have systemic links with the current legislation and thus reduce the level of effectiveness of legal regulation, legality and law and order in the state. Accordingly, there are many different subjective and objective factors that influence the establishment, restoration and maintenance of law and order at different stages of state development. However, one of the main ones is the streamlining of the legal array regarding its compliance with objectively existing social relations, which should be one of the constant tasks of the subjects of law-making activity. Key words: legislation, regulation, martial law, efficiency, European Union, improvement, constitutionalization, European principles, international standards, European integration, Armed Forces of Ukraine, lawmaking, politics.

Theoretical and legal characteristics of the administrative activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal characteristics of the administrative activity of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.
 The change and complication of the nature of threats to border security lead to the adjustment of the structure and functions of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which, in order to ensure the fulfillment of the tasks assigned by the law, implements administrative and legal norms (executes administrative powers), the specification of which is manifested in the implementation of administrative activities, and its bodies and divisions are participants in administrative and legal relations. The transformation in the sphere of protection of the state border of Ukraine, associated with the change of threats on the state border and the reorientation of the activities of the executive authorities on European principles, led to the need to study the administrative activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Based on the application of dialectical, formal- logical, hermeneutic and comparative methods, various approaches to the understanding of administrative activity were analyzed, the peculiarities and types of administrative activity of the State Border Service of Ukraine were characterized, and the author’s understanding of this concept was formulated.
 Features of implementation of types of administrative activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine depending on their purpose are characterized: intervention activity, facilitating activity, security activity.
 It is proposed to understand the administrative activity of the State Border Service of Ukraine as an executive activity regulated by administrative and legal norms, carried out within the scope of the tasks and powers of officials of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (administrative rights and duties), aimed at the implementation of assigned functions and satisfaction of public interest , interests of Ukrainian citizens, foreign citizens and stateless persons in the sphere of state border protection. Administrative activity is divided into intra-organizational and external (public administration). Attention is focused on the lack of a single approach to understanding administrative activity and public administration. Directions for further scientific research are outlined in accordance with the subject of this article.

Establishment of European Values on the Way of Ukraine’s European Integration and Their Protection in the Context of War: Constitutional and Axiological Aspect

The article provides a scientific analysis of those European values, the establishment of which is a prerequisite for Ukraine’s accession to the European community and Ukraine’s acquisition of the status of a full member of the EU. It is noted that modernity determines the definition of two main areas of research on constitutional axiology: first,the correlation of constitutional principles and European values, as well as their implementation and establishment in Ukraine on the path to its European integration; second, determining the role of the judiciary and constitutional justice in the mechanism of implementation and establishment of European values in Ukraine in the context of its European integration aspirations. The author emphasizes the primary importance of protecting, especially in times of war, such constitutional and European values as a person, his or her life, dignity, freedom, security, etc. The constitutional and legal analysis of the principles enshrined in the text of the Constitution of Ukraine has given grounds to conclude that they correspondin their axiological content to European principles, the implementation, affirmation and protection of which is a prerequisite for Ukraine’s entry into the European community and its acquisition of the status of a full member of the EU. In this process, the judiciary plays an important role, so the current stage of judicial reform in the context ofUkraine’s European integration is focused on the formation of a high-quality judiciary with a high level of legal awareness and the implementation of European standards in the administration of justice. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine is a powerful and influential body that plays an important role in the process of Ukraine’s European integration and, in particular,in the implementation and promotion of European values. In order to make its activities more efficient in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine, it is relevant to: reform the procedure for the formation and improvement of the functioning of this constitutional justice body; supplement its regulations with a provision containing a list of basic constitutional and European values, so as to determine in more detail and clearly the focus of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine’s practice on their establishment in Ukraine. Key words: axiology, rule of law, European integration, European values,Constitutional Court of Ukraine, constitutional principles, human rights, legal consciousness, justice

ПРИНЦИПИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОГО СУДОЧИНСТВА

The article examines the principles of European administrative justice in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights, the recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and other international legal acts on the protection of human rights and freedoms. The methodological basis is the dialectical method of cognition. Given the complexity of the research subject, systematic logical, historical, sociological, linguistic, comparative and other research methods used. The principles of: effective legal protection, independence of the court and courts are characterized; fair trial; equality of procedural opportunities; disclosure of materials, competitive hearing; public announcement of a court decision, hearings in the process (right to be heard); public hearing; mandatory execution of a court decision. It noted that the principles of European administrative justice establish the regularities of the process of resolving public legal disputes in the field of public administration. European principles in the field of administrative proceedings defined as principles contained in acts of different legal nature in the field of justice, protection of human rights and freedoms. The principle of effective legal protection is fundamental in the system of principles of administrative proceedings, as it intended to ensure rights and freedoms in the process of resolving disputes in the sphere of public administration. The principles of European administrative justice are a systemic entity, interconnected and complementary. The legal system is a multidimensional phenomenon from the standpoint of both structure and functional orientation, development of internal and external relations. Because of this, it needs an adequate conceptual and categorical definition. In this regard, the situation in the theory of law is unsatisfactory. This is a structured organization of legal norms, united based on the subject, method and principles of legal regulation in the field of administrative proceedings for the effective regulation of social relations in public administration.

Bil holovy: klasyfikatsiia; diahnostyka; pryntsypy likuvannia (ohliad literatury; opys klinichnoho vypadku)

Introduction. Headache (cephalgia) is one of the most common neurological disorders and is among the 20 most disabling diseases in the world. Most cases of headaches are benign, while others require constant monitoring and treatment, and some are life-threatening. For individuals with a history of headaches, the physician should determine whether headache belongs to a well-known primary headache disorder, is an exacerbation of primary headache disorder induced by another medical condition, or a new secondary headache. The aim of the study is to conduct an analysis of a vascular events in a patient with secondary headache, who was diagnosed in the Neurology Department in 2023. Materials and methods. Systematic and comparative analysis, biblio-semantic method used for the interpretation of the obtained results were supplemented with a survey of literature including 18 articles published in the international renowned sources. Results. Secondary cephalgias are those in which the headache is a symptom of another disorder recognized as a potential underlying cause. Secondary headache occurs much less often than primary one, but it can encompass life-threatening pathology. A clinician should be able to distinguish between primary and secondary headaches, elaborating a specific diagnosis for each particular patient with a headache. For this purpose doctor should know the criteria for each type of headache and be capable to recognize "red flags" of secondary headache. The paper contains thorough analysis of the basic principles of diagnosis and diagnostic criteria of all known forms of cephalgia, as well as European principles of management of patients with the most common forms of headache disorders for general practitioners. Scaffolding of the article is consistent with International Classification of Headache Disorders, third revision (ICHD-3), developed by the International Headache Society in 2018, which currently is the main tool for diagnosing different forms headache disorders. The most important aspect in the diagnosis of different forms of cephalgia is patients history and medical examination. Primary headache is not a diagnosis of exclusion, but rather is based on clinical findings obtained during examination. The presence of atypical signs or "red flags" should raise concern about secondary headache. Conclusions. Many types of primary headaches can be diagnosed based on a thorough history and physical examination without use of additional examination methods. Neuroimaging is not necessary if the patient has migraines or other primary headaches with normal neurological status and the absence of the "red flags" or signs of secondary headache. The SNOOP mnemonic method is useful tool for ensuring that "red flags" are not missed. In case the "red flags", signs of secondary headache are detected, neuroimaging or other additional diagnostic tests should be used, out of which the preference should be given to the MRI of the brain. Keywords: primary and secondary headache, subarachnoid stroke, diagnosis, treatment.

Agricultural land turnover in Ukraine: New challenges and new opportunities

The experience of the market turnover of agricultural land in Ukraine has shown that untimely and insufficiently comprehensive analysis of the functioning of the land market can lead to incorrect conclusions and limit the understanding of its dynamics and impact on the country’s economic situation. The purpose of the study was to identify the main trends and indicators of the market turnover of agricultural land in Ukraine by analysing land ownership transactions. The methodological tools of the problem under study were general scientific and special methods, as well as the method of comparison and abstract and logical methods. The main results of the study are a cost and quantitative assessment of transactions of sale and purchase of ownership rights to agricultural land in Ukraine, which makes it possible to identify the main trends in the land market. Certain provisions can be used to formulate strategies for the development of land relations in Ukraine. The number and share of transactions involving the sale and purchase of ownership rights to agricultural land in the overall structure of transactions is determined. The area of land ownership rights to which were alienated through sale and purchase is determined. The author calculates the value of agricultural land depending on its remoteness from a settlement, regional location and designated purpose. Fluctuations in the value of arable land depending on their territorial location and in the overall dynamics by month are determined. The level of activity of agricultural land market participants in the country as a whole and by regions is determined. The results and trends in the market turnover of agricultural land in the territories where military operations were or are ongoing are investigated. The main key indicators of the market turnover of agricultural land are determined. Forecasts of the value of arable land in Ukraine by the end of 2023 are formed. The discrepancy between the Ukrainian model of agricultural land market turnover and the models operating in the European Union has been established. The results of the study can be used to develop ways to reorient the market turnover of agricultural land to the European principles of functioning aimed at the development of family farming as a fundamental goal of Ukraine’s agricultural policy

Legal foundations of the organization as a process and function in the state administration system

The article defines that state management determines the management of society in order to realize legal and social goals. It is shown that the goals of state administration are formed by the political system and implemented by the state mechanism. It is determined that public administration is a purposeful organizational and regulatory influence of the state on the condition of development of social processes, consciousness, behaviours and activities of citizens with the aim of achieving the goals and implementation of the functions of the state, reflected in the Constitution and legislative acts.It is emphasized that the newly created system of state administration has not yet got rid of the past; it functions according to outdated management traditions, does not correspond to Ukraine’s strategic course for European integration and European principles of governance, is ineffective, generates a shadow economy and corruption. It is internally contradictory, excessively centralized, closed off from society and, for the most part, does not satisfy the needs of the citizens of Ukraine.The article identifies specific features of state administration that allow a better understanding of its content and essence.It is shown that the construction of the organizational structure of state administration is represented by the placement and interaction of its elements, vertical and horizontal connections. The form of connections is formed under the influence of both external and internal objective and subjective conditions and factors, namely: the constitutionally determined form of the state; constitutionally defined functions of the state, as well as the goals and functions of state administration; democracy and style of public administration; state policy; condition and placement of management facilities; competence of management personnel; provision of information of state administration.Organizational forms of implementation of the organizational function of state administration are one of the forms of management activity of state authorities, local self-government bodies, their officials. They are mandatory components of state management activities, as they determine how management decisions should be made, adopted for the organization of the system of state management.

European principles of integrated reporting of socially responsible business

Implementation of the European principles of accountability, publicity and transparency of business, corporate reporting regulations and social responsibility practices in Ukraine is important for the dissemination of European values in the business environment, realization of the progressive impact of corporate social responsibility on sustainable development of so­ciety, strengthening of European integration processes, expansion of the business worldview and integrated thinking. The purpose of the article is to highlight the principles and prac­tices of integrated reporting of socially respon­sible business in the EU for their implementation in Ukraine. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, comparative analysis, analogy, synthesis, induction and deduction, and assessment of corporate social responsibility reporting practices and principles. The analysis of key international standards, frameworks, and guidelines allowed us to identify a significant list of principles and requirements for corporate social responsibility disclosure. The difference in the recognition of principles in different regulatory and guiding documents depends on the emphasis, focus and attention to certain aspects of information disclosure. The most com­mon principles in international practice are materiality, completeness, stakeholder engage­ment, comparability, timeliness, neutrality, cla­rity, reliability, and consistency. At the same time, other principles that differ in different standards do not contradict but complement each other. Therefore, in practice, European companies are guided by several standards simultaneously when disclosing information on social responsi­bility and their own initiatives. Due to reporting requirements, European companies are actively implementing the principles of social responsi­bility. Implementation of the European princip­les and practices of integrated reporting in Ukraine will ensure transparency, openness of business, increase the level of trust, visibility and market reward for corporate social respon­sibility.

THE EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND LAW-MAKING: THEORY AND POLITICAL AND LEGAL PRACTICE

The proposed publication provides a comprehensive review of the historical path of changing approaches (theoretical and practical) to the definition of the principles of law and lawmaking and establishes the nature of the evolutionary process in political and legal matter. On the basis of the general dialectical method, analysis and comparative legal approach, the principles of law and lawmaking are identified and revealed, depending both on the level and degree of generalization (special, sectoral, intersectoral, universal), and on the specifics of the current or historical stage of development of political and legal reality, the content of the concept of "lawmaking" is established in direct connection with similar categories, the lawmaking process and types of lawmaking are characterized. In the course of the presentation of the material, the author establishes that the current Russian law is based on synthesis of the achievements of the main concepts of legal understanding - the natural law doctrine, positivism and the realistic school of law. It is indicated that in recent years the principles of law in Russia have been evolving against the background of the steady sovereignization of the domestic political and legal order. The definition of lawmaking is given as a purposeful activity of the competent authorities to change, establish or abolish legal norms, which is the highest form of expression of the process of lawmaking and an integral element of rulemaking, it is established that the principles of lawmaking should correlate with the actual principles of law. The conclusion is that the evolution of the principles of law and lawmaking is non-linear, it varies depending on the level of development of each individual legal order and the individual characteristics of the formation, functioning and development of society. On the example of the domestic legal order the author shows that the reception of western European principles of law, as the independence of the Russian federation in the international arena was strengthened, was replaced by the construction of national legislation, taking into account the special historical path of the country and those traditional fundamental values that are immanent to the single multinational people of Russia.

Strategic directions of Ukrainian engineering post-war recovery

Strategic directions of Ukrainian engineering post-war recovery

Medium-term budget planning in the united territorial communities

Subject. The process of medium-term budget planning using the «Local Budget» software in Territorial Communities (TCs) to ensure rational planning and use of local budget funds. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the importance of medium-term budget planning to ensure sustainable economic and social development of the TC in the conditions of intensification of automation processes using special software. Methodology. During the study, evolutionary (while studying the evolution of medium-term budget planning implementation) and systemic (in the process of studying the medium-term budget planning algorithm at the local level) approaches were used, as well as the main methods of visualization of research results. The «Local Budget» software package was used. Results. The study is devoted to consideration of the medium-term budget planning algorithm in united territorial communities. A clear sequence of actions during the justification of the expediency of using the financial resources of the community budgets determines the accelerated development of TC. Planning income and expenses for the medium-term period makes it possible to study potential directions for increasing income part and more effective directions for using financial resources. Annual adjustment allows for reducing or making it impossible to spend ineffectively financial resources. Automation of medium-term budget planning is an important step towards compliance with the European principles of financial provision of the needs and interests of citizens. Practical implications. The results of the research can be used in such areas of scientific knowledge as finance, money and credit, pedagogy, and the economic and social sphere, which allows us to identify the priority directions of financial support for the population's standard of living in TC. Conclusions. Medium-term budget planning at the level of the local community is an important and necessary process that allows for a comprehensive approach during the rational use of limited financial resources for the medium-term period to meet the needs and interests of every member of the community. The chief managers of funds, thanks to local target development programs, control the process of performance indicators, which are an integral part of the budget process. Medium-term planning is carried out for the planned and two following budget periods. We remember that in the process of implementing medium-term budget planning, an annual cut of all local target programs of social and economic development of the TC is carried out to control the level of reasonableness of the calculation of budget resources for the medium-term perspective. High-quality medium-term budget planning ensures the fact of using the IPC «Local Budget» at the level of local financial institutions.

СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ПРИНЦИПИ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ

Визначено й проаналізовано основні стратегічні принципи повоєнної відбудови України: управління ресурсами відновлення, ціннісний підхід до процесів реформування і відновлення, освіта з наголосом на підготовці фахівців з високими етичними цінностями. Післявоєнне відновлення лише розпочинає тривалий рух України на шляху високотехнологічного розвитку. Обґрунтовано необхідність створення конкретної, узгодженої з країнами-донорами програми відновлення, яка дозволить Україні не лише перебудуватися на європейських засадах, а й отримати членство в євроатлантичних структурах. Визначено контури такої програми і шляхи її реалізації. На нинішньому етапі потрібна нова архітектура міжнародного розвитку, якою може стати коаліція на основі взаємодії багатьох сторін, що паралельно з відновленням України стимулюватиме її інтеграцію до ЄС. Детально проаналізовано процес налагодження координації діяльності донорів з реципієнтом як один з найважливіших і найскладніших елементів реалізації «плану Маршалла» в повоєнній відбудові України. Розглянуто основні варіанти координаційних можливостей і запропоновано конкретний варіант координаційного механізму для сучасної України. Для подолання наявної системної кризи доцільно консолідовано використовувати тактичні й стратегічні реформаторські заходи. Невідкладними тактичними заходами є реформування системи управління і боротьба з корупцією, а стратегічними – відновлення верховенства права і етичних норм у економіці, тобто християнських цінностей. Обґрунтовано, що сьогодні людський капітал відіграє дедалі важливішу роль у глобальному середовищі, а освіта і наука стали ключовими елементами у визначенні якісних аспектів робочої сили. Показано, що успіхи «плану Маршалла» і реконструкції Південної Кореї на основі розвитку високих технологій завдячують не лише високоякісній структурі управління проектами, а й вихованню і залученню талановитих людей для їх реалізації.

Tasks and functions of the Department of Human Rights Compliance of the National Police of Ukraine as a participant in administrative and legal relations in the areas of human rights compliance during the provision of police services

The main task of Ukraine as a democratic and legal state is to establish the rule of law and protect human rights and freedoms. Today, the issue of ensuring human rights and freedoms during the activities of law enforcement agencies remains relevant as before, which is eloquently evidenced by the negative dynamics of increasing the number of decisions made by the EuropeanCourt of Human Rights regarding Ukraine. A significant number of such decisions traditionally concern violations of fundamental human rights, including: the right to freedom and personal integrity, the prohibition of torture and othercruel or degrading treatment and punishment.It would be fair to note that in recent years, Ukraine has already taken several decisive steps in the direction of reforming the fundamental approaches in the activities of law enforcement agencies and bringing them closer to European legal principles and civilizational achievements. At the same time, the unexpected wave of armed aggression of the Russian Federation, whichswept over Ukraine, surprisingly, did not destroy the reformation efforts, but on the contrary, helped to clean the state apparatus of corruption and strengthen the foundations of natural law, which had not been possible in almost 30 yearsof history. Ukrainian independence.Life in the conditions of continuous armed conflict and martial law has presented new challenges to the Ukrainian state. The total devaluation of human life, fundamental human rights and freedoms, which was clearly demonstrated by the enemy country, requires a reassessment of the content of human development and prompts the search for the root cause of such harsh inhuman behavior.Thus, in the conditions of an armed conflict and the regime of martial law, not only the issues of observing human rights and freedoms require special attention during the provision of police services, issues related to the restoration and observance of the rights and freedoms of people affected by the war become more relevant. It should be noted that the activities of theOffice for Human Rights Compliance of the National Police of Ukraine (hereinafter - DHRC or the Department), the tasks and functions of which are the subject of the presented study, were and remain one of the driving elements of the modern progressive mechanism for the protection of human rights and freedoms in the activities of law enforcement agencies. And after the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, the sphere of influence and areas of activity of the DHRC only expanded.Thus, the relevance of the research topic is due to the urgent need to highlight the specifics of the DHRC ‘s activities as a participant in administrative and legal relations in the areas of human rights compliance during the provision of police services and the lack of thorough scientific research in this area. The research is aimed at finding priority directions for improving the organization and activities of the DHRC, taking into account the main European principles and standards in the field of human rights and freedoms.

Пропозиції до законодавчого забезпечення щодо напрямів просторового розвитку територіальних громад різних видів в Україні

The reform of local self-government in Ukraine has created conditions for the effective operation of all territorial entities related to local development. Its practical implementation is aimed at the use by territorial communities of: various types of their own potential for development, search for opportunities for cooperation, development of local economy and infrastructure, creation of incentives for socioeconomic growth; instruments for long-term and short-term planning, when the general goals defined in the strategy are specified in programs and implemented through projects; conditions for obtaining high-quality services of European level; providing opportunities for the full-fledged life of citizens in their territories. At the present stage of implementation of the decentralization reform in Ukraine, the request for the formation, in accordance with European principles and values of conceptual provisions for determining the directions of spatial development, of territorial communities of various types is more relevant than ever, which, in turn, actualizes and makes promising the need to update the legislative framework regulating these issues. A wide range of developments and the urgent expediency of forming and improving the legislative framework for use in public administration of territorial development (in particular, in the context of overcoming the consequences of military aggression against Ukraine) determines the relevance of further development and implementation in Ukraine of an effective system of regulatory and legal support for the formation of directions of spatial development, its stimulation, development of strategies, solving existing socioeconomic problems, using certain management and development tools, including through the introduction of an expanded and multi-level classification of regions, territorial communities, etc.

Ukrainian regional policy and its influence on the structure of national economy

The article deals with the program documents that regulate regional policy in Ukraine. Systemic deficiencies in the planning of state influence on structural changes in the national economy and their inertial nature were revealed. Structural changes have a pronounced negative orientation and are accelerating their pace, acquiring threatening features. The significant impact of European principles on domestic regional policy is highlighted. First of all, we are talking about such principles as additionality, programming, partnership, concentration. However, it should be noted that domestic development strategies lack objective criteria that would regulate the implementation of structural policy. There are no clear rules according to which programs related to regional policy should be financed. Medium-term budget planning is practically impossible under such conditions. This significantly reduces the effectiveness of state policy as a whole. Weak coordination between numerous programs, concepts and strategies that should regulate state influence on the structure of the national economy was revealed.

SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RECOVERY OF UKRAINE - DEFINITIONS, PRINCIPLES, CRITERIA AND TASKS

The article is devoted to the issue of verification of the conceptual and categorical base of sustainable territorial and spatial planning in Ukraine in accordance with the European practice of long-term, systemic and perspective planning of the living space of society. The justified inevitability of the final integration of Ukraine into the Euro-Atlantic space after the repulsion of Russian aggression and the objective necessity of transition to European standards. The main problems of spatial development in Ukraine and directions for improvement of national territorial planning, formed on the eve of Russian aggression in February 2022, are listed. The formulated problem of the uncertainty of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of spatial planning in Ukraine, which consists in the fact that the concepts of «territorial planning», «territory planning», «regional planning», «district planning», «city planning», etc. are often intertwined, duplicate or replace one another one that is not quite correct. In some cases, they are used as synonyms, in others, on the contrary, in incompatible meanings that cannot be combined into a single system. There is a well-founded need to develop theoretical-methodological and methodical principles of territory planning, which requires, first of all, certain conceptual-terminological and conceptual certainty. The condition for its achievement is the balanced consideration, on the one hand, of not only European standards, but also European experience in the field of spatial planning, and on the other, general and regional spatial specifics of Ukraine. The main principles of long-term territorial and spatial planning developed in European practice are defined. The proposed concepts and terms are fixed in the official documents of the European Union and reflect the current aspects of sustainable spatial planning. Particular attention is paid to the parameters of sustainable spatial planning, which should be guided by the planning of the living space of a European-style society. The fundamental goals of sustainable spatial planning are given, which include: balanced socio-economic development of regions; improving the quality of life; responsible management of natural resources and environmental protection; rational land use. The conclusions substantiate the possibility of transforming the destructive consequences of Russian aggression into the possibility of comprehensive modernization of Ukraine's living space based on European principles of sustainable spatial planning, which, in turn, will facilitate and accelerate Ukraine's integration into the European Community.

ІННОВАЦІЇ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ ЧЕРНІВЕЦЬКОГО ТОРГОВЕЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ІНСТИТУТУ ДТЕУ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

In the conditions of global competition for human capital and talented specialists, higher education institutions need the changes in the educational process organization with strengthening of the practical component and directing it to integration into the European educational space and innovative development of the economy. The adopted Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine should be implemented through the use of new and improved methods and practices (including digital technologies) for teaching, learning and assessment, which should be adapted to European requirements and carried out in close connection with scientific research. Educational institutions should diversify educational offers and update the content of education in order to meet the growing needs for the development of innovative and critical thinking, entrepreneurial and leadership skills, develop flexible educational trajectories based on a student-centered approach. Based on the analysis of the educational process organization at Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of the State University of Trade and Economics, the most effective innovative teaching methods have been determined, including case method, project method, interactive learning, information and communication technologies which provide fast communications, aimed at preparing students for a full-fledged life and activity under social digitalization. In general, higher education at ChITE SUTE is based on modern teaching methods and approaches that bring academic knowledge closer to economic reality and trains the Institute graduates to master corresponding abilities and skills necessary for entering the labor market and to become those, who are searched for by employers. The use of innovative methods and approaches in the educational process of ChITE SUTE contributes significantly to the improvement of the quality of education and practical training of students, as well as allows identifying the Institute as a modern higher education institution that corresponds to European principles, approaches and practices. The most important directions of further scientific research are the use of innovative approaches during practice and internships directly at enterprises, studying the possibilities of joint implementation of project works, fundamental and research studies, determining the effectiveness of the interaction of higher education institutions and business structures in the implementation of economic topics ordered and agreed upon by enterprises and organizations, etc.

Educational standards and programs in higher education of Ukraine: research results

The article summarizes the results of research on the modernization of the structure and content of higher education through the introduction of modern levels and degrees, the list of specialties, the development and implementation of new standards of higher education, educational (educational-professional, educational-scientific, educational-artistic) programs in the process of implementing the Law of Ukraine «About higher education». The state of normative-legal, organizational-methodical support and informative-analytical activity of state management bodies in the field of education and science, their subdivisions and public structures responsible for the development of domestic higher education in modern conditions is analyzed.
 Since September 2014, when the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" entered into force, a new stage of reforming the higher education system began, aimed at improving the quality and competitiveness of domestic higher education on the European market of educational services. Having concluded an association agreement with the European Union and received the status of a candidate for joining it and, thus, effectively joining the European educational and scientific community, Ukraine must adapt its own legislation in the field of higher education to European ones, reform the system of higher education, modernizing all its components , applying common European principles and mechanisms. First of all, it is about the modernization of the structure and content of education through the adoption of a system of easily understandable and comparable degrees of higher education; the new structure of higher education, which is based on three cycles (bachelor, master, doctor of philosophy), modern standards and educational programs. It is emphasized that these processes are carried out according to European criteria and are essential steps towards improving the quality of Ukrainian higher education on its way to the European educational community.
 The timeliness and completeness of the adopted decisions and implemented measures are assessed, as well as their compliance with the quality criteria of the EAHE. The reasons for the slowdown of individual processes are outlined, the debatable nature and ambiguity of a number of adopted decisions are noted, and approaches to their avoidance are proposed. It is noted that in the conditions of martial law declared in the state, the mechanism and conditions of accreditation of educational programs have been temporarily simplified, the validity periods of accreditation documents and the term of authority of personal staffs have been extended sector of higher education and scientific and methodical commissions.

ПОРІВНЯННЯ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ БІТУМНИХ В’ЯЖУЧИХ ПІСЛЯ СТАРІННЯ РІЗНИМИ МЕТОДАМИ

Introduction. The performance and durability of asphalt pavements are majorly conditioned by the quality of the bituminous binders. One of the main disadvantages of asphalt pavements is the permanent change in their properties in time due to the aging of the binder. Various laboratory methods of aging are used to predict the intensity of changes in the properties of bituminous binders that occur during the asphalt mixing at plants and the lifetime of asphalt concrete in the pavement. Problem Statement. In Ukraine, with the implementation of European principles of standardization and the transition to harmonized European standards, there is a gradual replacement of the aging method ГОСТ 18180, which has long been used in the domestic road industry, with the world-accepted RTFOT aging method. Due to the different conditions set in these methods of aging, the question of the impact of differences in aging regimes on the properties of bituminous binders, the possibility of comparing the results obtained by these two methods and the interchangeability of methods is topical. Purpose. The aim of the work is to obtain the influence of the methods of aging adopted in the road industry of Ukraine on the change of properties of road viscous bitumens and bituminous binders, modified with various additives. Materials and methods. Viscous bitumens and bituminous binders modified with various additives (adhesive additives, polymers, structuring additives) used in the domestic road industry are used as objects of research. For methods of aging the domestic method ГОСТ 18180 (for a long time this method was the only one in Ukraine used for estimation of change of properties of bituminous binders under the influence of technological temperatures and which, under test conditions, is close to the standardized method TFOT), as well as the world’s widespread RTFOT method of aging are used. Results. Based on the obtained experimental data, it is found that aging by the ГОСТ 18180 method has a slightly greater effect on the change of properties than after aging by the RTFOT method. The least sensitive indicator of aging conditions is the breaking point temperature — the difference between the values of this indicator after aging by different methods is within the convergence of the method. The conditions of the aging method have the greatest effect on the quality of bitumens modified with adhesives. The relatively short heating time of binders in accordance with the conditions of the RTFOT aging method leads to less change in the adhesion of binders to the glass surface, which may contribute to misleading in thermal stability of adhesives. Conclusions. When revising the domestic standards for technical conditions for bituminous binders, which provide for the replacement of the aging method according to GOST 18180 by the RTFOT method and setting of limits for changing the standard quality of binders after aging, should take into account the slightly lower aging intensity of RTFOT binders. This is especially true for the adhesion requirements of bitumens modified with adhesives.

НАСКРІЗНІ УМІННЯ ПРИТАМАННІ КЛЮЧОВИМ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЯМ: УМОВИ ТА ШЛЯХИ ФОРМУВАННЯ НА УРОКАХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the conditions and ways of forming end-to-end skills that are inherent in all key competencies of those acquiring education in technology classes (on-the-job training). The theoretical basis of the research was the study of the pedagogical experience and the general European principles of building educational standards and national state standards, in particular the State Standard of Primary Education (2018) and the State Standard of Basic Secondary Education (2020) of Ukraine. These documents are based on the competency approach, learning outcomes, and cross-cutting skills common to all competencies. According to the authors, soft skills are consistent with the formulation of cross-cutting skills of the State Standard, which are inherent in all key competencies. Such cross-cutting skills include: reading with understanding; expressing one's own opinion orally and in writing; thinking critically and systematically; logically justifying the position; acting creatively, which involves creative thinking; production of new ideas; showing initiative; constructively managing emotions, which consists of the ability to recognize one's own emotions and the emotional state of others; assess risks; make a decision; solve problems; cooperate with others. The authors considered in detail the potential opportunities of the technological educational field and the technology subject of the same name in the formation of cross-cutting skills inherent in all the key competencies of the New Ukrainian School. Characterization of skills was carried out by taking into account the peculiarities of the subject of technology, the use of project and interactive technologies, and the corresponding methodological features of the work of a teacher of labor training and technologies. It is noted that each comprehensive skill needs separate attention and research in order to develop a special methodology for its formation in male and female students. The authors recommend developing a system of special tasks based on interactive exercises in combination with students' project activities, which for labor training (technology) lessons have established design stages.