Ethnic Characteristics Research Articles

Структура паттернов онлайн-поведения подростков Кызыла (Республика Тыва): возрастно-половые и этнические различия

Abstract. Relevance. The ongoing growth of Internet addiction among adolescents in recent years indicates the scale of this problem and indicates the need to conduct large-scale epidemiological studies to study the prevalence, structural features and prevention of this type of addiction among adolescents. Goal of research. To study the age-sex and ethnic features of the structure of online behavior patterns among adolescents in Kyzyl (Tuva Republic). Material and methods. Random samples of adolescents 12-18 years old – students of secondary schools in the city of Kyzyl (Republic of Tyva) in the amount of 216 people were examined. The structure of online behavior patterns was assessed: adaptive (API), maladaptive (NPI) and pathological (PPI) Internet use using the scales of the Chen questionnaire: Com scale (compulsiveness), Wit (withdrawal symptoms), Tol (tolerance), IH (intrapersonal problems and health problems), TM (problems with time management), as well as integral characteristics: KSIZ (key symptoms of Internet addiction) and PSID (problems associated with Internet addiction). Indicators were compared in groups by age (12-14 and 15-18 years), gender (boys, girls) and ethnicity (Russians, Tuvans), using the program “Statistica 12 for Windows” (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results. According to the results of the study, no age-related differences were identified for all patterns of online behavior. Gender differences in the pattern of maladaptive online behavior in girls included the Wit (withdrawal symptoms), IH (intrapersonal and health problems) and KSIZ (core symptoms of Internet addiction) scales. According to the compulsivity scale (Com), the scale of interpersonal problems and health problems (IH), Tuvan adolescents were distinguished by a higher frequency of pathological Internet use, i.e. presence of Internet addiction. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using the Chen questionnaire as an informative psychodiagnostic toolforidentifying adolescents atrisk of developing Internet addictive behavior and individuals with an already formed pattern of pathological Internet use, i.e. Internet addicted teenagers. Adolescents at risk and Internet addicts identified using the CIAS scale of the Chen questionnaire need a set of measures aimed at leveling this type of addiction and preventing associated problems with the somatic and neuropsychic health of the younger generation.

How “K-Style” has influenced the younger generation through local Vietnamese influencers

This study delves into the dissemination of K-Style in Vietnam, highlighting the multifaceted role of influencers in co-creating Korean culture through vivid videos that embrace and customize K-Style. Our study reveals the interconnectedness of K-Style practice elements (grooming material, styling competence, imagery meaning) and practice systems. We contribute to the understanding of ‘style’ as a concept connected to ethnic contexts and processes. By aligning practice elements, ‘non-carriers’ contribute to constructing the image of ‘Korean style’. Overseas social influencers hold more significant sway over local consumers, adapting to their sociocultural and ethnic characteristics. This study unveils the process through which everyday life accumulates through practice and eventually forms into culture by analyzing the discourse of influencers naturally present in daily life. Our research offers several significant contributions: (1) A topological approach to the hybridization of the K-Style was employed by analyzing real-time cultural transformation captured in videos. (2) Additionally, the process of cultural diffusion by Vietnamese influencers for Korean culture was identified, thus laying the groundwork for future research on consumption culture migration and evolution.

Pro-Con Debate: Perioperative Research Should Be Color-Blind.

Profound racial and ethnic disparities have been documented in health and health care outcomes in recent decades. Some researchers have erroneously ascribed these inequities to biological variations, prompting debate as to how, or even if, race and ethnicity should be included as an outcome variable. Color blindness is a racial ideology with roots in constitutional law that posits that equality is best achieved by disregarding the racial and ethnic characteristics of the individual. Color consciousness, in contrast, approaches disparities with the knowledge that experiences related to one's race and ethnicity influence an individual's health and well-being. In this Pro-Con commentary article, we discuss the concept of color blindness and debate its use as an approach in medicine and research.

Nigeria: The Effects of Identity Politics on Societal Security

Nigeria is prominent country of the African continent with its population, economy and energy resources. Political problems have shaped the security agenda of Nigeria, which was exposed to British colonialism, since the independence declared in 1960. The interruption of democratic processes with the emergence of military coups after the civil war environment and the declared republics between the years 1960-1999 is an indication that a societal security environment could not be established. The reason for this is the failure to ensure the integration of segments with different ethnic and religious characteristics. With the concept of identity being placed at the center of political discussions, terrorist activities of organizations with fundamentalist ideas are encountered. There is the Boko Haram terrorist organization in Nigeria, which has settled in an international context in connection with other organizations that have had an impact on the regional framework in the last 10 years. In this article, the terror problem of Nigeria is examined through historical, political, economic and societal dynamics. Although the identity politics approach that is constructed and formed is thought to be the main factor in the problem of terrorism, the importance of societal and economic development in overcoming this issue is emphasized when the interregional differences in Nigeria are taken into account.

Resource Provision in the Field of Social Assistance in the Conditions of New Social Risks

The purpose of this study was to identify the main ways to provide social assistance to restore the resource potential of victims of emergencies (military conflicts, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, etc.), as well as to highlight the features of training future specialists in the social sphere to deal with new social risks. The study used methods of scientific analysis and generalization, as well as comparing the experience of domestic and foreign researchers and social practitioners who worked with vulnerable contingents in overcoming the consequences of emergencies. The focus is on generalizing the results of the experience of training future specialists in the social sphere to work within an environment of new social risks. Based on the conducted research, it was concluded that for the professional activity of social sector specialists in resource provision in the conditions of new social risks, it is important to direct social assistance to restore the physical, mental and social health of people at all six levels of health, taking into account the peculiarities of their age, social status, as well as ethnic features and the context of the social problem. The main directions of relevant social work with victims of emergency situations have been defined: work on strengthening the family’s potential, establishment of useful social connections in a new environment, the use of art therapy practices to normalize the psychosomatic state of clients, the use of ethnocultural means to increase the possibilities of social adaptation in new conditions. Very important in the preparation of future specialists for the relevant work is the practice-oriented training on the basis of specialized social institutions working with victims in emergency situations, as well as mastering special techniques of self-development and professional self-improvement to increase one’s own resource potential.

NEW AND MODIFIED ELEMENTS IN THE MORDOVIAN COSTUME OF THE XIII–XV CENTURIES

In any ethnic group a costume is part of the ethnic characteristics of the people. Along with other elements, it distinguishes one nation from its neighbors.
 
 The purpose of the study is to analyze accentuating a decorative complex and clarify the dating of its existence.
 
 Materials and methods. The main source base of the research is archaeological sources both published in various periodicals and collected in original reports stored in the Field Research Department of the Archaeology Institute under the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research is based on the principle of historicism, the typological archaeological one and the method of ethnic correspondence.
 
 Study results. The Mordovian costume preserves almost all the elements of the decorative complex that existed in the previous period. The only exception is made by the temporal pendants with a weight, which remain an ethnic marker of the Mordovian people since the moment of the Mordovian culture’s emergence until the XIII century. The rest of the complex, although not as bright as in the previous time, remains almost the same in terms of the set of decorations. Only their forms change along with the change of the entire cultural image, which is chronological in nature. Breast ornaments and hand ornaments are preserved. Temporal pendants give way to temporal rings.
 
 Conclusions. The opinion that the Mordovian culture of the XIII–XV centuries is declining is not justified. During this period, the objective process of its development continues, which in the second half of the 30s of the XIII century due to historical events received a new vector. The highest prosperity of the Mordovian culture of the time under consideration dates back to the middle of the XIV century, which corresponds both to the ecological and political situation in Eastern Europe. The XIII–XV centuries are a new stage in the development of the Mordovian culture, which can be seen on the example of the metal decor. The chronology of the decorative complex in the Mordovian costume of the Golden Horde period needs clarification, which is partially done in this article.

Collaborative Promotion:A New Path for the Development of Dual-Innovation Education in Colleges and Universities in Ethnic Minority Area

In the context of the new era, talent is the first resource and innovation is the first driving force, and it is more and more important to emphasize the dual-creation education in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities are an important position for cultivating talents for regional social and economic development in ethnic areas, while dual-creative education is an important carrier for cultivating dual-creative talents in ethnic areas. However, for the backward colleges and universities in the western ethnic areas, they are characterized by distinctive ethnic characteristics, weak educational foundation and diverse student backgrounds. Therefore, universities in the western ethnic areas must adapt to local conditions, give full play to the effectiveness of dual-creation education in universities in ethnic areas in the west, and realize that education helps students generate dual-creation ability, so that dual-creation education can really become an important support point for strengthening the modernization construction of ethnic areas. As the main position for cultivating innovative talents in the region, colleges and universities in ethnic areas have carried out rich exploration and practice of dual-creation education. By analyzing the current situation of dual-creation education in colleges and universities in ethnic areas, it is found that there are the problems of incapacitation of dual-creation education faculty, superficiality of dual-creation education practice, fragmentation of dual-creation education resources, and emptying of the spirit of dual-creation education. In view of this, by analyzing the dual-creation education models and real cases of colleges and universities in ethnic areas, we put forward the cyclic dual-creation education model based on dual-creation competition “TPRS” and the five-level linkage dual-creation talent cultivation organization structure, in order to cultivate dual-creation talents as the basis, explore the new path of dual-creation education development in colleges and universities of ethnic areas and lead the high-quality development of dual-creation education in ethnic areas. It will explore a new path for the development of dual-creation education in universities in ethnic areas and lead the development of dual-creation education in ethnic areas.

Pork Consumption Patterns among Rural Residents in China: A Regional and Cultural Perspective (2000–2020)

Pork is a principal component of the food supply for residents in China, acting as a primary source of animal protein. Analyzing the factors affecting pork consumption among rural Chinese residents is critical for understanding trends in the pig market and the direction of price control. China encompasses an immense geographical area (ranked third in the world) and is home to a globally acknowledged cultural diversity. This results in China having a diverse range of regional and cultural characteristics. These factors may profoundly influence the meat consumption habits of rural residents in China in a real-world context. In econometric decision making, traditional fixed effects models are incapable of estimating regional and cultural factors as these come under individual effects. In this study, leveraging a distinct fixed-effect filter model recently developed, we estimate these regional and cultural variables to verify whether they are statistically significant. This approach adds a fresh perspective to traditional consumption theory. This study uses panel data from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions registered in national data as the research object. The detailed findings include: (1) Rural residents in coastal provinces show a stronger inclination towards pork consumption compared to those in inland areas. (2) The ethnic feature of provinces also presents a significant impact, with provinces reflecting Mongolian, Zhuang, Tujia, and Yi ethnic characteristics pointing to higher pork consumption. This contrasts with provinces characterized by Yao, Li, and Muslim ethnicities, which tend towards the opposite. Based on these empirical findings, this paper provides policy suggestions for optimizing the layout of the pig industry, which will offer multi-dimensional regulatory directions for optimizing the pig industry layout in China.

Ethnic rhinoplasty: Preliminary results of our technique in the pursuit of the harmonious nose

According to the American Society of Plastic Surgery, cosmetic surgery procedures for "ethnic patients" are annually increasing. Ethnic rhinoplasty traditionally represents a difficult challenge for plastic surgeons. Herein, we describe our personal technique to ethnic rhinoplasty to achieve a harmonious nose maintaining the characteristics of individual ethnicity and identity. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed ethnic patients treated with rhinoplasty at our institution between January 2019 and October 2022. We described our personal rhinoplasty technique step by step. At a minimum follow-up time of six months, postoperative pictures were taken, and patients were reassessed, evaluating aspects such as global symmetry and shape and contour of the nose. Finally, patient satisfaction was investigated according to rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation (ROE) questionnaire. A total of 1321 patients were included in the study. They reported a significant satisfactory aesthetic result in nasal image, as indicated by the mean postoperative ROE score (92.12). No cases of nasal contracture were recorded. None of the grafts was extruded or collapsed. Wounds healed without reported major infection. This study demonstrated that our approach is a safe procedure that contributes to improved functional outcomes with a high patient satisfaction rate and a low rate of postoperative complication. The creation of a solid base structure, nasal skin preparation, and an integrated patient approach are key elements of this surgery.

ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТРУДОВОЙ ЭТИКИ И ПРОЦЕССА НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

В статье анализируются этнолингвистические аспекты созидания трудовой этики и предпосылки для национального строительства.Ожидания социально-экономического характера (динамика экономического роста, и, как следствие, ожидания улучшения материального положения, повышения социального и имущественного положения), и, напротив, пессимистические ожидания есть переменные, а этнические и лингвистические особенности общества являются устойчивыми и постоянными признаками. Описывается на примере немецкого языка как изменение Мартином Лютером семантического коннотативного компонента в слове Beruf привело к созданию новой трудовой этики, известной как трудовая этика протестантизма. Кроме этого, был поставлен вопрос о ненадобности церковной иерархии в католичестве и освящено установление горизонтальных отношений в общинах протестантов вместо вертикальных, иерархичных отношений в католической церкви. Этим самым был открыта возможность национального строительства в странах Западной Европы. Проведено сравнение слов немецкого и казахского языков о труде и работе. Опыт Западной Европы демонстрирует, что необходима семантическая депривация, по существу, семантическая революция, в мировоззрении для формирования трудовой этики и прогресса в процессе национального строительства в Казахстане.

Linked Consumer Registers as data infrastructure for timely and inclusive monitoring of community characteristics

We review creation and maintenance of nationwide individual level Linked Consumer Registers as DigitalFootprints Data and their use to create timely, inclusive annual neighbourhood scale research ready datasets of social and spatial mobility. Outputs include annual estimates of neighbourhood churn, neighbourhood deprivation following moves, energy usage and ‘housing career’ measures.
 Individual level names and addresses are harvested from public Electoral Registers and consumer sources from 1997-2023. A novel ‘migration model’ is developed to georeference records and link them across years. The provenance of data and methods are documented in metadata to accompany derivative research ready data extracts pertaining to residential mobility occurrences and outcomes. Novel methods are developed to reveal the probable gender, ethnicity and age characteristics of all households. Data are then linked to property level Zoopla rental listings, Land Registry/Registers of Scotland transactions and energy performance statistics to link household characteristics to properties occupied before and after moves.
 Results provide annual nationwide updates of neighbourhood household structure, ethnicity and demography that, subject to disclosure controls, can be honed to any convenient geography. They are validated against decennial census statistics and compared with midyear population estimates. Linkage to external datasets enables further external validation of methods used to infer moves and plug known omissions in the registers. Application of individual level demographic models makes it possible to model household structure and individual ethnic, age and gender characteristics. Summary linked and annually updated research ready datasets pertaining to neighbourhood residential churn, ethnicity, distances of residential moves housing careers and domestic energy usage are then produced.
 The research is an ambitious linkage of individual and property level consumer and administrative datasets. Individual level linkage and modelling provides analytical flexibility in research ready data creation, and data linkage can be expedited for any period for which name and address data are available.

Лингвистические особенности живого разговорного языка жителей Бардымского района Пермского края (некоторые фонетические и грамматические отличия от литературного языка)

Introduction. Northwestern Bashkir is a vernacular language spoken by Bashkirs inhabiting the northwestern parts of Bashkortostan and — the southern parts of Perm Krai in the valleys of the Tulva and the Barda (latter’s left tributary). As for Perm Bashkirs, they form communities in Bardymsky, Permsky, Osinsky, Kuyedinsky, Chernushinsky and a number of other districts. The rural inhabitants still speak the Gaina dialect (a dialect of the Bashkir clan Gaina, Bash. ғəynə) of northwestern Bashkir. Goals. The article examines some ethnolinguistic features of the living colloquial language spoken by inhabitants of Bardymsky District (Perm Krai, Russia). The study of the Gaina dialect is of historical significance, and the latter cannot be considered fully articulated to date. The former has been subject to repeated scientific discussions and is still a most controversial scientific issue that is of utmost interest to researchers. There is no unequivocal opinion in scientific discourse as to ethnic characteristics of the language spoken by the inhabitants of the delineated area. Materials and methods. Our insight into the material from the perspective of cross-cultural communication in the era of growing interest towards other cultures may prove instrumental in learning the originality of equal dialogic interaction between representatives of different linguocultures, which makes it possible to cognize a different cultural reality in comparison with one’s own. The work employs the analytical and structural-typological methods, techniques of linguistic observation, expeditionary collection and systematization. Results. The shaping of a peculiar and unique dialect of Gaina Bashkirs was facilitated by that the latter had been geographically somewhat separated from the bulk of their fellow tribesmen. The Gaina dialect spoken in Bardymsky District is rich in phonetic and grammatical features characteristic of northwestern Bashkir, including related dialects (and subdialects). At the same time, the paper’s insight into the available material reveals some certain features inherent to the region only.

Hoveyzeh Ear Cohort Study in Southwest Iran: A Pilot Study

Background and Aim: The increasing trend of hearing loss is an important public health concern that needs coordinated and well-designed measures at the regional, global, and local levels. We determined the audiological profile of a province in Iran with unique socioeconomic, ethnic, and geographical characteristics and investigated the risk factors associated with hearing loss. Methods: A total number of 1845 participants (35–70 years old) were recruited in the current prospective study. Pure tone audiometry and tympanometry tests were conducted to determine the type and severity of hearing loss in adults living in southwest Iran (Arab ethnicity). The hearing loss prevalence in individuals with a history of head trauma, cardiovascular disease, noise exposure, diabetes, and smoking status was compared with that of disease-free participants. Results: The hearing loss prevalence was 51.3% (947/1845), which was significantly correlated with sociodemographic factors, including age, gender, marital status, educational level, skill levels, wealth status, Townsend deprivation index, and smoking habit (p<0.001). The hearing loss prevalence showed a significant association with a history of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, smoking habits, head trauma, and noise exposure (p<0.05). Nonetheless, the prevalence of hearing loss and the type of residency, and the wealth index were not significantly associated. Conclusion: Hearing loss causes the burden of chronic disability in southwest of Iran. Several socioeconomic, demographic, and medical parameters influence the consequences of hearing loss. Keywords: Hearing loss; cohort study; Iran

Exploring the Characteristics of the Musical Composition of Guangxi's Modern Piano Work "The Dance of the Bronze Drumn"

"The Dance of the Bronze Drumn" is a piano work with Guangxi's national characteristics. The composer, Wu Liyun, is a teacher of the Composition Department of Guangxi Arts University. This work combines the ethnic characteristics of Guangxi Dong tones and modern compositional techniques, fully utilizes modern non-harmonic phonemes in the form of different rhythms and speeds, so that the piano timbre presents the image of different brass drums. This paper discusses the musical creation characteristics of the work as well as the piano playing techniques by analyzing the musical characteristics, compositional techniques and musical structure of the work.

Analysis of orbitofacial anthropometry in children with pseudostrabismus.

The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), interpupillary distance (IPD), and canthal index (CI) in children with pseudostrabismus and to compare the measured IPD (mIPD) with calculated IPD (cIPD). This was a prospective study of sixty children (6 months-18 years) with pseudostrabismus. ICD, OCD, PFL, and IPD were measured by digital Vernier caliper. The formula used was cIPD: 0.21+0.24 ICD+0.58°CD for males and 1.4+0.31 ICD+0.41°CD for females. Values measured by caliper were compared with that calculated by the formula. The formula used was CI: ICD × 100/OCD. Data were analyzed statistically. The mean age was 6.66 ± 3.57 years. Telecanthus was the most common finding (55%). The mean ICD and OCD in males were 30.89 ± 3.33 mm and 87.96 ± 8.09 mm and in females were 30.91 ± 3.05 and 86.22 ± 6.81 mm, respectively. The mean right eye PFL in males was 28.53 ± 2.63 mm and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm and left eye PFL in males was 28.53 mm ± 2.63 and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm. CI in males was 35.10 ± 1.65 and in females was 35.84 ± 1.71. Mean mIPD and cIPD: male - 55.37 ± 4.75 mm and 58.56 ± 5.34 mm, female - 53.32 ± 4.74 mm and 46.26 ± 3.71 mm. A good agreement was found between mIPD and cIPD. This study helps in documenting the anthropometric pattern of the orbitofacial parameters in children with pseudostrabismus which can act as reference data. This helps in the management of orbitofacial, craniofacial syndromes/deformities and lid reconstructive surgeries in retaining ethnical features and obtaining better function. In children's spectacle frame 1 and lens making, where measuring IPD is difficult, cIPD can be a simple alternative.

New traditionalism and religions of the South Asia

In the history of religions, in addition to large religious denominations and smaller ethnic specific cults and practices, there are a number of movements that combine local and ethnic features with global trends and patterns. The generalizing designations of such religious forms are diverse: these are folk or traditional religions, movements of social adaptation, archaic social movements, cult renewal or revival, etc. We are talking about the creative rethinking of the legacy of the past, its transformation, expansion, “reformatting”, re-imagining, and inclusion in a broad modern worldview context. Sometimes they play their role as catalysts for other movements and trends. They set off and complement the main lines of the historical development of other religions, and sometimes contrast with them. Almost always, they are associated with the formation of ethnic-cultural identities, the demarcation or, vice versa, strengthening of ties - real and imaginary. This article, for the first time in Russian ethnographic scholarship, examines the models and strategies for the formation and transformation of the “new old” religions of the East (especially South Asia), which have already become a noticeable phenomenon in the social, political, and cultural life of the region. The article introduces a special thematic section that features contributions by E.A. Renkovskaya, S.I. Ryzhakova, L.A. Streltsova, A.A. Bychkova, and M.B. Shcherbak.

Factors affecting incomes of ethnic minority households: a case study in Khanh Vinh district, Khanh Hoa province

This study aims to determine factors affecting incomes of poor ethnic minority households in the Khanh Vinh district, Khanh Hoa province. Through survey data of ethnic minority households in Khanh Vinh district, this study used an econometric model to analyze the influence of factors on the incomes of ethnic minority households in the area. The research results found that the factors having the impact on the incomes of ethnic minority households in this area include: ethnic characteristics, household size, number of livelihood activities, leisure time during the year, and time to access productive land. The results of this study provide more empirical evidence in the study on factors affecting the income of ethnic minority households in Vietnam in general and in Khanh Hoa province in particular. By detailed analysis the factors affecting the income of ethnic minority households in Khanh Vinh district, Khanh Hoa province, the study enriches the literature on poverty and livelihoods in ethinic minority household’s community and provides useful information for policymakers and practitioners in designing effective programs to improve household incomes and develop sustainable livelihoods for ethnic minority households in this area.

Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms of folate metabolism genes and ethnic distribution in pregnant women.

This retrospective study aims to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (C677T, A1298C), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) (A66G) and ethnic distribution characteristics in pregnant women, and to explore the risk correlation with folate metabolism. The demographic data of 8735 pregnant women aged 15 to 47 years were retrospectively analyzed, and peripheral blood samples were collected and tested. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the genotype and allele frequency of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G in blood samples. Sperman correlation analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to verify the correlation between SNPs of MTHFR (C677T, A1298C), MTRR (A66G), different ethnic groups and the susceptibility and risk levels of folate metabolism. The relative risk of the SNPs was further determined by calculating the odds ratio (OR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). The average age of 8735 pregnant women was 28.87 ± 4.20 years old. The evaluation of risk levels for folate metabolism was relative high, including 2296 cases with low risk, 3971 cases with medium risk, and 752 cases with high risk. Among the MTHFR C677T locus, the CC genotype had the highest frequency, MTHFR A1298C locus had the highest frequency of the AA genotype, and MTRR A66G locus had the highest frequency of the AA genotype. The frequency distribution of SNPs in different ethnic groups revealed that the frequency of CT genotype among the MTHFR C677T locus, AA genotype among the MTHFR A1298C locus and the MTRR A66G locus was the highest in Han, Buyi, Miao and Dong ethnic groups. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the Han, Buyi, Miao and other ethnic groups (including Yi, Bai, Zhuang, Chuanqing) had the possibility of increasing the risk levels of folate metabolism. The CC genotype of MTHFR C677T (adjusted OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 2.14-2.84, P < .001) and the AG genotype of MTRR A66G (adjusted OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.61-2.22, P < .001) were significantly related to the risk levels of folate metabolism, which is an independent risk factor for the susceptibility of folate metabolism.

On the Possibilities and Constraints of Studying the Ethnic Makeup of the Population Using Census Data from the Principality and Kingdom of Serbia: the Case of Eastern Serbia

Since the first half of the nineteenth century, various census data have been collected regarding the ethnic characteristics of the Serbian population, although the data are incomplete and collected irregularly. The ten censuses conducted in the Principality of Serbia between 1833 and 1874 have immense archival value, but their usefulness for ethno-demographic studies is limited. Similarly, while the statistics collected in the censuses of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1874 to 1910 are somewhat more reliable than the previous ones, they suffer from the absence of a direct question on ethnicity.&#x0D; To determine the ethnic structure of the population during this time period, a researcher had to rely on an indirect approach through the identification of ethnic groups based on their linguistic affiliation. However, it is important to note that this method only provides an approximate estimation of ethnic composition. Despite this limitation, available census data can still provide valuable insights into the ethnic composition of the population of the Principality and Kingdom of Serbia, with the number and share of the Vlach population as the most numerous ethnic minority taking centre stage. This means that any data analyses must begin with the understanding that the indicators can only be presented for the Romanian-speaking population.&#x0D; If we accept the indirect approach to determining population ethnicity, we can deduce from the data that the number of Vlachs in Eastern Serbia increased up to 1895, and their percentage share increased up to 1884. It is noteworthy that the dynamics of the number of Vlachs until 1895 were relatively stable, implying that the increase was practically linear and consistent with the growth tendency of Serbia’s overall population at the time.&#x0D; Within the framework of demographic analysis, data on declared Vlachs in almost all censuses since the post-war census cannot be used to derive explainable demographic indicators. Therefore, it is reasonable to suspect that such data would also be of limited use in other academic fields, particularly in law, politics, and public life in general. This highlights the importance of paying closer attention to earlier ethno-statistic records, especially the first statistical aberration reported in the last decade of the nineteenth century.

EPILEPSY IN THE ETHNOCULTURAL ASPECT

Based on a clinical and epidemiological study of epilepsy among the indigenous and non-indigenous population in the Mashtaga settlement of Baku city (2016-2019), 197 patients with various forms of epilepsy aged 0 to 69 years were identified. In parallel, the ethnic aspect of the disease was studied. During the study period, certain ethnic characteristics of the indigenous population were identified, which influenced the prevalence of epilepsy, as well as its social frame and the characteristics of its clinical manifestations. As a result of the study, it turned out to be likely that brain neurons in male Asians in the northeast of the Great Silk Road and Hispanics in South America are relatively more prone to developing excessive neuronal discharges.