Enterprise Projects Research Articles

Comprehensive environmental-focused and risk-focused expertise of innovative projects in the interests of the development of the military industrial complex and ensuring national security

The article draws attention to the issues of ensuring safety and improving the effectiveness of projects in the context of innovative development. Modern state documents developed in the interests of ensuring environmental safety are presented. The main provisions of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 02.07.2021 No. 400 «On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation» aimed at ensuring environmental safety are considered. The author notes that the absence of a comprehensive environmental-oriented and risk-focused expertise of innovative projects in Russia is a serious threat to national security. The current state of affairs in the field of expertise of innovative projects is the basis for the occurrence of damage to the environment, the population and the economy, the magnitude of which is often several times greater than the magnitude of the commercial effects of innovative projects. The necessity of formation and development of the institute of integrated environmental-focused and risk-focused expertise of projects of complex systems and innovative technologies based on modern ideas about the ecological imperative of technological development of the civilization of the XXI century — the civilization of risk and knowledge. The article gives the author’s understanding and definition of a comprehensive environmental-focused and risk-focused examination of innovative projects, an explanation of its content is given. The necessity of paying special attention to ensuring the comprehensive security of the activities of the military-industrial complex in the conditions of diversification of enterprises is indicated. Attention is drawn to the need for closer attention to the examination of innovative projects in the conditions of decarbonization of the economy. Measures are proposed, the implementation of which will improve the quality and competitiveness of innovative project expertise services; ensure the safety of innovative projects for enterprises, territories and the population; increase the environmental and economic efficiency of innovative projects of the military-industrial complex, and thus will contribute to the development of the defense-industrial complex and the Russian economy.

Improvement of Innovative Projects Management and Revival of Innovation Activities of Ukrainian Enterp

Introduction. The wider application of the benefits of project management in the organization of innovation is seen as an effective tool for revitalizing the innovation activities of modern enterprises. Innovative project is a modern form of organization of innovation processes, which allows to generate intellectual added value to increase innovation and competitiveness of enterprises. The expediency of improving the management of innovative projects on the basis of increasing their intelligence to increase the innovation and competitiveness of enterprises is substantiated.Purpose is to substantiate the directions of improving the management of innovative projects to revive the innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises.Methods. In the process of research a set of general scientific and special methods was used. In particular, historical and logical methods were to study theoretical foundations of project management approaches in the organization of innovation; analysis and synthesis - to compare the main approaches to the interpretation of concepts and methods of calculating the rate of intelligence of an innovative project; correlation-regression analysis - to build predictive models of changes in innovation activity of industrial enterprises and sales of innovative products; graphic method - for visual presentation of the results of analytical research; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions.Results. Research proves that innovative projects are a modern form of organizing innovative activities in the context of increasing crisis, rapid digitalization and globalization of economic processes, which can provide a constant increase in innovation and competitiveness of enterprises. The implementation of an innovative model of doing business requires the search for progressive ways to improve the management of innovative projects of enterprises. The concept of “management of innovative projects as an impact on groups of people in order to organize and coordinate their activities aimed at strengthening the intellectual capacity of the project, which provides intellectual added value, increasing innovation and competitiveness of the enterprise” has been clarified. The forecast models of changes of innovatively-active industrial enterprises of Ukraine and dynamics of realization of innovative production of the enterprises for an estimation of efficiency of the organization of innovative activity at micro level are constructed. The necessity of reviving the processes of development and implementation of innovative projects as an important factor in increasing the innovative activity of enterprises is proved. The factors that have a negative impact on the interest of enterprises in the implementation of innovative projects, which exacerbates the decline in innovation activity in the Ukrainian business sector, have been systematized. The directions for improvement of innovative projects management aimed at strengthening the intellectual capacity of the project, generating intellectual added value, which allows to intellectualize production and commercial processes, revive innovation activity and increase the innovation of the enterprise are substantiated.Discussion. Transformation of economic systems, increasing the number and scale of today’s challenges will require further strengthening of enterprise innovation, due to the need to form competitive advantages, increase the environmental and social component of business as a result of innovative projects. The expediency of project management development in the organization of innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises is actualized. The directions for improvement of innovative projects management in order to increase their intellectual and science-intensiveness for the decision of problems of revival of innovative activity of the enterprises are substantiated.

PROBLEMS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE ENTERPRISE

The peculiarities of modern investment activity of enterprises are analyzed in the work. The goals of investment activity of enterprises are structured: increase of profitability; expanding market share; strengthening innovation activity; improving investment attractiveness. The current problems of project management are highlighted: management of limited resources to achieve goals; funding and weighted evaluation of potential criteria; integration of tasks on the main business processes; distribution of roles and responsibilities of all performers and stakeholders; project portfolio management; project management software. The interests of the main stakeholders of the projects are classified: increase of profits and dividends, improvement of reputation (business owners): efficiency and effectiveness, self-realization, authority (managers); proper wages and social guarantees, self-realization, recognition of work results (employees of the enterprise); fulfillment of contract conditions and refund, solvency of the enterprise (investors); optimal ratio of price and quality of goods, compliance with the terms of the order (consumers); increase in order volumes, timely payments under the terms of contracts, long-term relationships (suppliers); activities that meet the requirements of the law, payment of taxes, job creation, implementation of volunteer social and cultural projects (public authorities); growth of cooperation agreements (intermediaries); availability of competitive advantages, market leadership (competitors). In order to develop skills in the formation of hybrid project management systems, the features of approaches to project management have been studied: cascade project management; Agile; Six Sigma; PRINCE2. Systematized priority areas for solving project management problems: training of enterprise managers by programs: project management software; team leadership; project portfolio management; change management; increasing the stress resistance of managers; conflict resolution; talent management; project management information support; team building; Public Relations; attracting various sources of project funding; planning enterprise development programs and updating business models; reconciling the interests of project stakeholders. Which in turn will optimally solve the problems of project management and improve the results of the enterprise. These issues are for further research: studying the peculiarities of attracting various investors to finance enterprise projects and concluding investment agreements.

Instruments of state stimulation of investments in the conditions of Industry 4.0 development

The article describes the methods of state stimulation of investments in the development of R&D and innovation. Based on the research of experts from the Big Four and reports of international organizations, an overview of current trends in the application of methods and measures of state support for investment in R & D and innovation in various countries, including those with a similar economic structure to Kazakhstan, is made. At the heart of modern innovative trends, the development of elements of Industry 4.0 and the digital transformation of industrial enterprises are of great importance for economic growth. In the context of a pandemic, there are crisis changes in the economy, in the behavior of business entities and people’s consciousness, which provide for a proactive role of the state in ensuring stability and forming a sustainable development trend in the post-pandemic period. Crises, as a rule, in addition to destructive consequences, create the need and opportunities for the introduction of innovations and the transition to a qualitatively new technological level of development. One of the main factors of successful investment decisions of enterprises at the present stage is the speed of application of new digital technologies, which are more effective in comparison with investments in the creation of new production capacities. In the conditions of uncertainty of return on investment, the author suggests using the fiscal measures adopted in international practice to stimulate investment in R & D, including for the development of Industry 4.0 in the basic industries of Kazakhstan. The considered structure of investment incentives can be used to increase the scale of investments by large private and national corporations in the MMC and NGS sector, which positively affects the financial flows of enterprises and state budget revenues in the medium term. The author’s conclusions may be of interest to state authorized bodies and company managers when financing digitalization projects of industrial enterprises.

Information systems for servicing integration projects in enterprises

Most modern integrative processes related to the automation of production facilities do not bring the expected increase in efficiency. This paper is devoted to the complex use of modern integration technologies during the combination of management systems of production facility process and an enterprise as a whole. It is obvious that during the organization of this kind of work, various difficulties arise, the main of which are discussed in this paper and the recommendations for their solution are given. The solution proposed in the paper is beneficial in terms of relatively low implementation costs, the possibility of rapid implementation and relative simplicity. The main attention is paid to the issues of project management at the initial stage, when the influence of conceptual differences in the choice of the method of technical implementation is maximally strong. The use of the proposed methods can significantly improve the quality of system integration projects. The method proposed in this paper can increase the efficiency of the implementation and use of IT projects at large industrial enterprises.

Geoinformation technologies in land management projects on the agro-landscape basis

At present, the issue of fundamental change in the formation of agronomic solutions through the introduction of ecologically balanced farming systems with the large-scale application of modern technologies is quite relevant. Modern GIS technologies serve an important element in the development of land management projects on an adaptive landscape basis. A geographic information model was developed for the creation of land management projects for agricultural enterprises, and an adaptive land management project for specific land use was improved.

The indolent lambdification of Java

As Java 8 introduced functional interfaces and lambda expressions to the Java programming language, the JDK API was changed to introduce support for lambda expressions, thus allowing consumers to define lambda functions when using Java’s collections. While the JDK API allows for a functional paradigm, for API consumers to be able to completely embrace Java’s new functional features, third-party APIs must also support lambda expressions. To understand the current state of the Java ecosystem, we investigate (i) the extent to which third-party Java APIs have changed their interfaces, (ii) why or why not they introduce functional interface support and (iii) in the case the API has changed its interface how it does so. We also investigate the consumers’ perspective, particularly their ease in using lambda expressions in Java with APIs. We perform our investigation by manually analyzing the top 50 popular Java APIs, conducting in-person and email interviews with 23 API producers, and surveying 110 developers. We find that only a minority of the top 50 APIs support functional interfaces, the rest does not support them, predominantly in the interest of backward compatibility. Java 7 support is still greatly desirable due to enterprise projects not migrating to newer versions of Java. This suggests that the Java ecosystem is stagnant and that the introduction of new language features will not be enough to save it from the advent of new languages such as Kotlin (JVM based) and Rust (non-JVM based).

Analyzing the Characteristics and Evolution of Chinese Enterprises’ Outward Forward Direct Investment Host Country Network

With the promulgation of the “Going Global” strategy, Chinese enterprises’ outward forward direct investment (OFDI) moved towards a stage of rapid development. Based on the data concerning projects of Chinese enterprises, this paper establishes a network of OFDI host countries with the industry as the media and analyzes the network and its evolution characteristics by using the complex network method. Results show that the number of network nodes is increasing, and the edges between communities are greater, and the number of countries along the Belt and Road route is increasing. The network is a so-called small-world network. To reduce investment risks, it is necessary to identify the key nodes in the network. Based on the centrality of key nodes in complex networks, the improved “scatter degree” method is used to evaluate the importance of each host node. Results demonstrate that the United States and Australia are the most important countries for Chinese enterprises to invest overseas, followed by Brazil, Canada, Russia, Indonesia, and the United Kingdom (UK). Excluding the UK, all other countries are resource-rich. Thus, it can be seen that the FDI of Chinese enterprises is mainly resource-based investment.

Land at the Service of the Regional Growth Coalition: Projects of Special Interest in the Region of Castilla–La Mancha (Spain)

Neoliberal urbanism land planning has led to the development of public–private coalitions associating common interest with lucrative private enterprise projects. In Castilla–La Mancha (Spain), this regional growth coalition was backed by a spatial planning instrument, known as Projects of Special Interest (PSI). The aim of this article is to analyse the PSI as a paradigmatic example, to study its key points and examine its current dimensions. This case study employs a review of the literature, desk research, content analysis, interviews and observation. The PSI scheme has permitted private initiatives and developments, and privately used public constructions of many different types, reducing timeframes through possible recourse to expropriation, using basic measures of land reclassification, undervaluing the ecosystems involved and even facilitating construction in areas that had previously been declared protected, or where resources such as water are not guaranteed. Despite the failure of many of these projects and the expected economic growth not being realised, the instrument has been revived, as it is directly linked to multinational enterprises investing in the region.

Combination forecasting model of equipment and material prices for power grid production technological transformation projects based on unary linear regression and grey theory

The purchase cost of equipment and materials occupies a large proportion in the cost of power grid production technological transformation projects, and has a greater impact on project cost control. Therefore, strengthening the management of equipment and material price forecasts and improving the scientificity and accuracy of forecasting methods are important for improving production technology. It is of great significance to improve the cost management of the whole process of the project and improve the lean management level of the investment of power grid enterprises. In this paper, combined with the current situation of equipment and material price forecasting for the production technological transformation projects of power grid enterprises, a combination forecasting model based on unary linear regression and gray theory is constructed, and the validity of the model is verified through empirical analysis.

Bicycle Projects of Social Enterprises to Add Differences to Lives in Africa

Afrika kırsalında ulaşım neredeyse tamamen yürüyerek gerçekleştirilmektedir. Yürümek, sağlık açısından faydalı olsa da eğitim, sağlık ve ekonomi açılarından bakıldığında taşıt araçlarından yoksunluğun ortaya çıkardığı önemli kısıtlar bulunmaktadır. Bu kısıtları bir nebze de olsa rahatlatabilmek amacıyla Re-Cycle ve VelAfrica çürümeye terkedilmiş bisikletleri Afrika’ya ulaştırarak CooP ve World Bicycle Relief ise topladıkları bağışlarla satın aldıkları bisikletleri Afrika’ya ulaştırarak hayatlara dokunmaktadırlar. Anılan sosyal girişimleri kısaca tanıtarak Afrika’da hayatların nasıl dönüştürüldüğünü göstermeyi hedefleyen bu keşfedici nitelikteki vak’a çalışması bu anlamda ülkemizdeki ilk çalışmalardan olmaya adaydır.

SITUATIONAL METHOD OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES PROJECTS IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and methodological provisions of environmental risk management for projects of transport enterprises, in particular, the use of the situational method. The relevance of certain issues is due to the transformations of the national and world economies, characterized by the formation of the basis of a circular economy in developed countries, as well as the further development of Industry 4.0 and related changes. Circular economy and Industry 4.0 are significant attributes of the economic activity of a modern enterprise, the influence of which determines the adaptation and development of a business entity. Changes caused by the above-mentioned features of the external environment of transport enterprises encourage the revision and improvement of the existing methodological tools for risk management. The situational method of risk management for projects of transport enterprises is the tool that today is able to provide a business entity with a basis for proactive adaptation to changes in the conditions for the implementation of activities by quickly responding to the determination of the need and data generation for transforming the organizational and economic structure, gaining experience. The prerequisites for the introduction of the situational method into the system of risk management of environmental risks of projects of transport enterprises and its practical advantages are considered. The main errors occurring in the process of risk management are given. An algorithm for the situational method of risk management of transport enterprise projects has been formed, which is shown as a structural diagram for formalizing the risk management process and the possibility of its further improvement and implementation at the software level. It is proposed to define the situational method as a component of the proactive risk management of a transport company. Compliance with the ALARP principle in risk management of projects of transport enterprises is proposed, as well as the use of a multi-level analysis, from superficial to detailed.

ANALYSIS OF MODELS AND METHODS OF BUSINESS PROCESSES DIGITALIZATION

The paper considers and analyzes works on automation and digitalization of business processes in various fields of application. The relevance of the research topic is substantiated, in particular, taking into account the conditions of the pandemic. Automation is defined as a prerequisite for digitalization. Possible positive and negative aspects of digitalization are considered. The analysis of models and methods of digitalization, presented in the works, which describe the state and prospects of digitalization in Ukraine and the world in general. Foreign practices of digitalization implementation of business processes are analyzed. In order to determine approaches to building models and methods of digitalization in agriculture, the development of digitalization and digitalization of business processes in various sectors of the economy, such as banking, tourism and services, marketing and others. Based on the analysis, the studied models and methods are expertly evaluated on five parameters - applicability to agriculture, application of artificial intelligence, coverage of business processes, completeness and detail, application of a value approach. The models most suitable for implementation at agricultural enterprises are highlighted. It is concluded that for use in this area, the relevant models and methods must be adapted to the specifics of the industry. The need to develop new models and methods for business process digitalization projects for agricultural enterprises is emphasized. Areas of further research in the chosen direction are formulated: application of models and methods of digitalization of business processes of object-oriented organizations in the field of agriculture; value optimization of business processes based on artificial intelligence; digitalization of business processes of interaction of project stakeholders based on a value approach.

Structural De-leveraging of New Energy Enterprises and Corporate Risk-taking

the exploitation and utilization of new energy have lifted the predicament of human energy. In the passing years, thanks to the increasing investment in the area of new energy, new energy enterprises have developed into a vital force to boost China’s economic development. However, currently, the success of investment projects of new energy enterprises is closely associated with the support of bank debt funds. In the context of “de-leveraging” of non-financial enterprises, does the de-leveraging of bank loans of new energy enterprises exert an impact on corporate risk-taking? With reference to Principal-agent Theory, Trade-off Theory and Heterogeneous Debt Theory, this paper explores the impact of deleveraging of bank loans on corporate risk-taking with A-share new energy listed companies from 2011 to 2019 as research samples. The research results suggest that: first of all, there exists a positive U-shaped relationship between deleveraging of bank loans of new energy enterprises and corporate risk-taking; besides, the deleveraging of bank loans of over-indebted enterprises will significantly alleviate corporate risk-taking; de-leveraging of bank loans of under-indebted enterprises will significantly increase corporate risk-taking.

Evaluation of the Demand-Driven Agricultural Extension Curricula among Alumni from Selected Universities in Nigeria

The study assessed demand-driven agricultural extension curricula by alumni from universities in Nigeria partnering with Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education (SAFE) on such curriculum for at least seven years. Using a cross-sectional research design and cluster sampling technique, 227 alumni were randomly selected from a population of 520. Data were collected through structured questionnaire on socio-economic characteristics, mode of study, areas of specialization operationalized as close-ended questions and rating of programme components on a 5 -point Likert type scale of poor (1) fair (2) good (3) very good (4) excellent (5) with 70 items. Data entry and analysis were done with SPSS 25 using percentages, mean score and multiple regression analysis. Adult education approaches, supervised enterprise projects, students’ supervision, academic advice, information sharing, and participation in research projects had highest positive rating; while fund raising, scholarship, opportunity for enrolling and be part of a professional scientific network, linkage & involvement with Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA) field activities, laboratories and variety of subjects offered had highest negative rating. Socio-economic characteristics of alumni were significantly correlated and explained 49 percent of the variation in programme rating. The study recommends that there is need to review the curricula covered in this study and mechanisms for compliance with the Sasakawa methodology should be reinvigorated.
 Keywords: alumni, demand-driven, agricultural extension, university curricula.

Design of a Model for Risk Reduction in Project Management in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

In general, it can be said that a project is a means of change so that the organization or individual obtain something they do not currently have, and which, in some respects, can ensure its functioning within the system in society, in the market, etc. Organizations often use different tools and techniques in project implementation to help manage projects. The selection of the optimal method requires a thorough systematic analysis. The chosen method must cover the requirements of project management with regard to its size and nature. One such tool is the ISO 21500 Guidance on project management standard, which defines the basic processes and documents needed for project management. The aim of this article is to propose a model through which it would be possible to effectively manage projects in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), i.e., where generally available international methodologies for project management are not introduced. The proposed model (referred to as Model B) was verified on projects in different SMEs in Slovakia. Mathematical evaluation presented in the paper as well as the knowledge and experience from this verification were summarized and the proposed Model B was modified (referred to as SMEPM: small and medium enterprises project management) so that it can be used in the implementation of other projects in the conditions of SMEs.

PORTFOLIOS FORMATION OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES HYBRID PROJECTS

The state use analysis of the project-oriented management in the enterprises of various subject branches is executed. The expediency of hybrid projects portfolios forming of motor transport enterprises and method developing for performing the specified management process is substantiated. The proposed method of hybrid projects portfolios forming of motor transport enterprises involves the implementation of four stages and twelve systemically related management processes, which take into account the characteristics of the subject area and project activities in it, as well as the design environment. In contrast to the existing methods of project portfolio formation, the proposed method proposes the experience usage of previously implemented hybrid projects. The peculiarities of the project environment of individual hybrid projects of motor transport enterprises and temporarily available resources (vehicles, contractors) are taken into account. Simulation of hybrid projects is envisaged to assess their value, which provides high-quality forecasting of the level of satisfaction of stakeholders of individual hybrid projects carried out under different scenarios. The balance of the hybrid projects portfolio is offered by using cluster model of their value, which provides the identification of priority hybrid projects that have the maximum value for stakeholders.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITIZATION PROJECTS IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The article analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of digitization projects in agricultural enterprises. The calculations take into account the uneven financial and investment opportunities of agricultural enterprises, which have provided for the differentiation of investment options depending on the funds available to the producer, as well as the actual land bank of the agricultural producer, which has affected the intensity of digitization tools.
 The most attractive digitization tools for agricultural enterprises in terms of implementation efficiency have been identified, among which are allocated: autopilot and course index with its subsequent installation on agricultural machinery; the system of automatic shutdown of sections of a sprayer; the system of automatic shutdown of sections of a seeder; the system of liquid fertilizer application during sowing; differentiated method of fertilization; field condition monitoring (using drones, UAVs); alternative application of fertilizers and PPE (using drones).
 Indicators of efficiency of realization of packages of investment projects at the land bank in 500 hectares and 5000 hectares for various options of investment (the sum of investments of 150-200 thousand UAH; 200-300 thousand UAH; 300-500 thousand UAH), and also indicators of efficiency of packages of investment projects connected with preparation and realization of production within five years of realization at the land bank of 5000 hectares for various investment options within the above amounts of investment are calculated.
 The most attractive sets of investment projects in digitization tools have been presented, which can be chosen by agricultural enterprises, trying to maximize the level of NPV received within certain investment opportunities. It has been determined that having different amounts of initial investment, agricultural enterprises of different sizes (with a land bank of 500 ha or 5000 ha) have a fairly wide choice of options for investing in almost every monetary segment. The expediency of investing funds of agricultural enterprises in digitization tools has been proved, which confirms the general trend towards digitization of agricultural enterprises and has a solid economic basis.

COST-ENGINEERING COMPONENTS FOR PREVENTING ECONOMIC DESTRUCTION IN THE ACTIVITIES OF PARTICIPANTS OF CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

The article is devoted to solving the scientific problem of developing theoretical provisions and providing methodological and applied recommendations for improving approaches to economic assessment and substantiation of engineering projects of construction enterprises. The relevance of scientific research is due to the need to implement a large-scale program for updating the technical and technological base of most domestic enterprises based on replacing outdated types of equipment, technologies and models of construction production management, as well as improving methodological approaches to organizing and managing an enterprise. A significant amount of work on the development and implementation of these measures can be carried out by specialized organizations - engineering firms. However, the feasibility of purchasing their services by construction companies requires a preliminary justification through the development of appropriate engineering projects. Cost engineering as a complex solution to the Customer's problems is indeed a topical product that will increasingly be in demand on the market. Especially in the current conditions, when the key task for any company is to reduce costs, both during the construction phase and during the operation of the facility. The cost engineering of investment and construction projects is closely related to the concepts: project risk management, complex project cost management (TCM - total cost management). Integrated project management can use all methods and tools of value engineering, such as technology audit, price audit, earned value methodology, etc.

Directions of strategic development and project management in Russia

The article investigates the present-day problems of strategic development in Russia and the possibilities of their solution on the basis of the project approach. The main problems of implementation of innovative development and project approach are defined and systematized. Methodological approaches to their solution and improvement of project management taking into account advanced innovative development are proposed. The main obstacle to the application of project management methodology is the lack of elaboration of methods, mechanisms and tools for the management of innovative projects in high-tech enterprises of Russia. Great hopes in Russia are cantered on the development of a state innovative project management strategy, within which development and implementation of a program to restore production potential based on technological modernization of industry, as well as creation of a forward strategic fundamental scientific foundation for future development are necessary.