Abstract
The article describes the methods of state stimulation of investments in the development of R&D and innovation. Based on the research of experts from the Big Four and reports of international organizations, an overview of current trends in the application of methods and measures of state support for investment in R & D and innovation in various countries, including those with a similar economic structure to Kazakhstan, is made. At the heart of modern innovative trends, the development of elements of Industry 4.0 and the digital transformation of industrial enterprises are of great importance for economic growth. In the context of a pandemic, there are crisis changes in the economy, in the behavior of business entities and people’s consciousness, which provide for a proactive role of the state in ensuring stability and forming a sustainable development trend in the post-pandemic period. Crises, as a rule, in addition to destructive consequences, create the need and opportunities for the introduction of innovations and the transition to a qualitatively new technological level of development. One of the main factors of successful investment decisions of enterprises at the present stage is the speed of application of new digital technologies, which are more effective in comparison with investments in the creation of new production capacities. In the conditions of uncertainty of return on investment, the author suggests using the fiscal measures adopted in international practice to stimulate investment in R & D, including for the development of Industry 4.0 in the basic industries of Kazakhstan. The considered structure of investment incentives can be used to increase the scale of investments by large private and national corporations in the MMC and NGS sector, which positively affects the financial flows of enterprises and state budget revenues in the medium term. The author’s conclusions may be of interest to state authorized bodies and company managers when financing digitalization projects of industrial enterprises.
Highlights
At the heart of modern innovative trends, the development of elements of Industry 4.0 and the digital transformation of industrial enterprises are of great importance for economic growth
In the conditions of uncertainty of return on investment, the author suggests using the fiscal measures adopted in international practice to stimulate investment in R & D, including for the development of Industry 4.0 in the basic industries of Kazakhstan
Instruments of state stimulation of investments in the conditions of Industry 4.0 development
Summary
Учитывая важную роль секторов ГМК и НГС в развитии экономики страны (по данным МИИР РК, ГМК формирует 6,7% ВВП и 25% промышленного производства; доля НГС и ГМК в объеме промышленного производства – 70%), указанные цели соответствуют задачам и поли-. Токаева народу Казахстана, Стратегическом плане развития РК до 2025 года, в рамках Государственной программы индустриально-инновационного развития Республики Казахстан на 2020–2025 годы (ГПИИР) в части укрепления позиций базовых отраслей, создания и развития новых индустрий и перспективных отраслей экономики, углубления индустриализации и становления промышленности «цифровой эпохи» [1]. Возможное снижение спроса на экспортные биржевые товары Казахстана в результате замедления темпов роста мировой экономики может создать риски спада экспортного потенциала, доходов государственного бюджета, роста безра ботицы в базовых отраслях страны [2]. По мнению большинства экспертов, в секторе ГМК и НГС потребность в боль ших капиталовложениях на разведку новых месторождений в условиях постепенного исто щения разведанных запасов создает избыточное давление на финансовую стабильность про мышленных предприятий сырьевого сектора экономики [3]
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