High School Technology Research Articles

Investigating Students’ Learning Experiences in a Neural Engineering Integrated STEM High School Curriculum

STEM integration has become a national and international priority, but our understanding of student learning experiences in integrated STEM courses, especially those that integrate life sciences and engineering design, is limited. Our team has designed a new high school curriculum unit that focuses on neural engineering, an emerging interdisciplinary field that brings together neuroscience, technology, and engineering. Through the implementation of the unit in a high school engineering design course, we asked how incorporating life sciences into an engineering course supported student learning and what challenges were experienced by the students and their teacher. To address these questions, we conducted an exploratory case study consisting of a student focus group, an interview with the teacher, and analysis of student journals. Our analysis suggests that students were highly engaged by the authentic and collaborative engineering design process, helping solidify their self-efficacy and interest in engineering design. We also identified some challenges, such as students’ lower interest in life sciences compared to engineering design and the teacher lacking a life sciences background. These preliminary findings suggest that neural engineering can provide an effective context to the integration of life sciences and engineering design but more scaffolding and teacher support is needed for full integration.

The school stakeholder community as a source of capital for the talent development of black students in a high school engineering career academy

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the role of school stakeholders (e.g. advisory board members, school administrators, parents, teachers and school board members) at a 99% black academy in promoting the achievement and broadening participation of high school black students in engineering career pathways.Design/methodology/approachThe authors followed a qualitative case study design to explore the experiences of school stakeholders (e.g. students, district and school personnel and community partners) associated with the implementation of the career academy (Stake, 2006; Yin, 1994).FindingsThe authors found that the school relied heavily on the support of the community in the form of an advisory board – including university faculty and industry leaders – to actively develop culturally responsive strategies (e.g. American College Test preparation, work-based learning opportunities) to ensure the success of black students interested in pursuing career pathways in engineering. Thus, school stakeholders in the academy of engineering served as authentic leaders who inspired academy students by serving as role models and setting examples through what they do as engineering professionals. It was quite evident that the joy and fulfillment that these authentic leaders gained from using their talents directly or indirectly inspired students in the academy to seek out and cultivate the talents they are good at and passionate about as well (Debebe, 2017). Moreover, the career academy provided environmental or sociocultural conditions that promoted the development of learners’ gifts and talents (Plucker and Barab, 2005). Within that context, the goals of career academy school stakeholders were to support students in the discovery of what they are good at doing and to structure their educational experiences to cultivate their gifts into talents.Research limitations/implicationsIt is also important to acknowledge that this study is not generalizable to the one million career academy students across the nation. Yet, the authors believe researchers should continue to examine the career academy advisory board as a source of capital for engaging and preparing diverse learners for success post-high school. Further research is needed to investigate how advisory boards support students’ in school and postsecondary outcomes, particularly for diverse students.Practical implicationsThe authors highlight promising practices for schools to implement in establishing a diverse talent pipeline.Social implicationsOn a theoretical level, the authors found important insights into the possibility of black students benefiting from a culturally responsive advisory board that provided social and cultural capital (e.g. aspirational, navigational and social) resources for their success.Originality/valueWhile prior researchers have studied the positive impact of teachers in career academies as a contributor to social capital for students (Lanford and Maruco, 2019) and what diverse students bring to the classroom as a form of capital Debebe(Yosso, 2005), research has not identified the role of the advisory board (in its efforts to connect the broader community) as a vehicle for equipping ethnically and racially diverse students who come from economically disadvantaged backgrounds with social capital. Within that sense, the authors believe the advisory board at Stanton Academy relied on what the authors term local community capital to provide resources and supports for black students’ successful transition from high school into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-related college and career pathways.

중ㆍ고등학교 기술교과 교육과정에서 시기별 통신기술의 교육목표와 내용의 분석

The purpose of this study is to present directions for communication technology-related technology education by analyzing transition in communication technology instructional objectives and contents.
 From the first to third technology education in middle school, electrical and electronic-related education is the main focus, and industrial education is strong. On the other hand, from the 4th period, the instructional objectives and instructional contents of communication technology began to be emphasized, and from the 8th period, the ability to process information and solve technological problems related to information and communication was emphasized. High school technology education is also dominated by electricity and electronics-related education from the 1st to the 3rd, and has a strong industrial education character. On the other hand, from the 4th period, instructional objectives and instructional contents related to computers and information communication were presented in earnest, and in the 6th and 7th periods, information related subjects were newly established as independent subjects, so communication technology was not dealt with. In the 8th period, problem-solving experience activities related to information and communication technology were presented, and in the 9th period, instructional objectives and instructional contents suitable for the characteristics of technology education were presented, but the proportion was very small.
 Based on this study, instructional objectives and educational contents should be selected based on a systematic approach to technology in middle and high school technology subjects, and follow-up studies should be conducted on the instructional objectives and instructional contents as general education should be conducted.

Multimedia Engineering Drawing Animations to Improve Vocational High School Students' Technical Drawing Concepts

The purpose of the research to develop innovative multimedia animation engineering drawing (MMAED) in the field of technology and engineering in Vocational High Schools. The research method used is research and development which broadly covers the manufacturing, and testing stages. The study population was vocational students in the fields of technology and engineering expertise. Learning is done in two different classes, namely: Class A as a control class, and class B as an experimental class. Data collection tools in the form of tests, rubrics, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, percentage, and N-gain. The results of this study are Multimedia Animation Engineering Drawing (MMAED) with special characteristics that are accessible or affordable to the eyes and logic of students, by orthogonal projection material that requires imagination or imagination of the appearance of an object. The mastery of the concept of orthogonal projection material has increased after using MMAED, so that it reaches a high category.

The Views and Practices of Teachers in Different Learning Areas about Inquiry and Inquiry-based Instruction

<p>臺灣的十二年國民基本教育課程綱要將探究納為中小學的核心課程之一，許多前導學校被官方指派發展示範性探究課程。由於探究是一個可同時指涉不同意涵的字詞，教師可能因對探究的認識不一，而在嘗試合作實施探究教學的過程中遭遇困難。發掘探索不同學科背景教師對「探究」概念之差異，使師資培育單位／師資培育相關教師以之規劃合適的教師專業發展活動。本研究旨在探索實際開發示範性課程的情境與過程中，教師對探究與探究教學的看法與實務。我們於一所開發並試行跨學習領域探究課程的前導高中，對課程開發團隊中十一位不同學科背景（歷史、地理、公民、資訊、生物、物理和化學）的教師進行半結構訪談。繼而運用開放編碼技術分析訪談轉錄稿、教案與課室錄影。訪談結果發現，多數教師認為探究是問題解決。然而，自然科學教師視探究為方法，社會科學教師視探究為過程。自然科學教師通常會設計情境，讓學生確認研究問題並執行研究，且認為英文閱讀理解是進行探究的必要技能；時間是其發展課程時的主要考量。社會科學教師傾向於提供問題並引導討論；特定主題的專業諮詢為其進行課程發展之主要需求。課室觀察結果顯示傳統講述平均佔三成以上的課程時間，操作或執行研究是自然科學課程的主要探究活動。研究建議，相關師資培育單位／師資培育相關教師應深化教師探究相關知識，並根據教師持有的學科特質觀點協助他們進行相關專業發展。</p> <p> </p><p>All elementary, junior high and senior high schools must provide inquiry as one of the core requirements according to the 12-year curriculum for basic education. Several pioneer schools were officially appointed to develop exemplary inquiry courses. On the account of inquiring being a term that connotes different meanings at the same time, teachers may encounter many challenges when they attempt teaching collaboratively due to their different views about inquiry. Exploring different beliefs of teachers teaching different subjects allows educators to provide appropriate professional development activities. This study explored the views and practices of inquiry and inquiry-based instruction of teachers in the context and process of developing exemplary courses. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 teachers with different subject backgrounds (history, geography, citizenship, information technology, physics, chemistry, and biology) in a pioneer high school, where cross-learning areas inquiry courses were developed and piloted. We then applied the open coding technique to analyze interview transcripts, teaching plans, and class videos from these teachers. Findings from interviews show that most teachers considered inquiry as a form of problem solving. Nevertheless, natural science teachers viewed inquiry as a process, whereas social science teachers equated inquiry as content. Most natural science teachers preferred offering contextualized learning activities for students to frame research questions and conduct investigations. They also considered reading comprehension in English as the main threshold for retrieving references, and time and equipment were critical factors for curriculum development. Social science teachers usually emphasized providing research questions and guiding a whole-class discussion. Moreover, professional consultation on specific topics was a major demand for curriculum development. The results from classroom observation reveal that teachers spent more than 30% of classroom time on traditional didactic instruction. In addition, carrying out investigations was the main inquiry activities of natural science classes. We suggest that teacher educators should deepen schoolteachers’ epistemic knowledge and provide them with professional development activities in accordance with their views about the peculiarity of the discipline.</p> <p> </p>

Inventing the Baby Saver: An Activity Systems Analysis of Applied Engineering at the High School Level

Extant research and engineering education frameworks call for students to engage in personally meaningful engineering projects; however, there are few case studies documenting the work of young engineers working to design solutions to real-world problems that matter to them. This qualitative case study describes the work of a purposively selected group of high school engineering students (the InvenTeam) (n = 15) as they devote a school year to a particularly ambitious invention project: designing and prototyping a device to mitigate deaths occurring when children are left unattended in hot cars. Utilizing cultural historical activity theory as a theoretical and analytical lens, the study triangulates observation, interview, and document data to describe elements of and tensions within the InvenTeam activity system. Data illustrate numerous ways in which invention afforded opportunities for students to apply science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) knowledge and practices and develop engineering identities. Additionally, data suggest that students’ purposes for engaging in the project were dynamic, telescoping from individual, personal aspirations to expanded possibilities for economic and societal impact. Data also illustrate how students assumed defined yet flexible roles within the project’s division of labor. Activity systems analysis revealed four main tensions within the InvenTeam activity system: sustaining motivation in the face of technical challenges, community expectations versus student goals, STEM knowledge/skills constrained by specialized roles, and the institutional norms of schooling versus the process of invention. Implications of the case study findings for engineering and invention at the high school level are discussed.

A Study of Basic Education of Data Science using Robot Learning Material in Junior High School Technology Education

In Japan, the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan proposed Society 5.0 as the new vision of society. However, according to future estimates of IT human resources, there will be a shortage of about 590,000 people by 2030. Given this situation, it is necessary to develop human resources who can solve problems and create value with a basic background in mathematics and data science. It is also necessary to provide data science education throughout elementary school, junior high school, and high school, and to provide it regardless of humanities or science. In this paper, we developed, practiced, and verified the effectiveness of education for designing programs using modeling based on the concept of data science in junior high school technology education.

STEM Integration through shared practices: examining secondary science and engineering technology students’ concurrent think-aloud protocols

To address the complete vision of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS Lead States. [2013]. Next Generation Science Standards: For States, by States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press of the United States, the research focused on how scientific inquiry and engineering design shared practices promote design thinking and problem-solving skills. High school science and engineering technology students participated in the integrated STEM project, TRAILS, and learned engineering design-based integrated STEM lesson, D-BAIT. After each lesson implementation, triads of students from each class participated in a Concurrent Think-Aloud (CTA) protocol session. During the protocol session, the triads of students engaged in a design task as a team and discussed to solve a transfer problem, which required the application of STEM knowledge from the integrated STEM lesson. A total of 27 Think-Aloud datasets were collected and analyzed from the 2017–2019 school years. The results show that key features of TRAILS (scientific inquiry, biomimicry, and engineering design) emerged from the dialogue of both groups (engineering technology and Biology students). Additionally, patterns from the cognitive protocols (transitions between scientific inquiry, biomimicry, and engineering design) suggest that both groups used similar approaches to solving the engineering design problem.

沖縄県の学校現場におけるものづくり人材育成について

In this study, we organized the current state of the educational system in elementary school programming education, junior high school technology education, and technical high school in Okinawa prefecture, and conducted a questionnaire survey of educators. As a result, even if there are opportunities to learn about robots and sensors in elementary school programming education with the cooperation of manufacturing companies, about one-third of junior high schools in Okinawa cannot sufficiently learn about measurement and control. In addition, although there are many students who go on to technical high schools to learn manufacturing compared to the rest of the country, the placement of teachers at technical high schools is not sufficient, and it is assumed that the training of human resources for manufacturing in Okinawa is not functioning well.

Accomplishments and Challenges in Designing a Junior High School Technology and Home Economics Class (Home Economics) with a Focus on the SDGs

Accomplishments and Challenges in Designing a Junior High School Technology and Home Economics Class (Home Economics) with a Focus on the SDGs

International Comparative Study of High School Technology Subject Selective Course Operation to Prepare the National Curriculum Revision : Focusing on US, UK, AU, CN

The purpose of this research is to derive the composition measures and implications of elective subject in Technology subject in high school according to the next curriculum revision based on the results of analyzing cases of elective subject in Technology subject in high school in foreign. In order to accomplish this purpose, the research team selected four countries representing the continent (US, UK, AU, CH) and was trying to figure out the characteristics of operation cases of elective subject in Technology subject in high school. To this end, the research team prepared an analysis framework, analyzed the characteristics of each country, and compared the four countries with elective subject in Technology subject in high school in Korea.
 The results obtained through this study are summarized as follows.
 First, the elective subject in Technology subject in high school in Connecticut, USA, are structured so that students can choose from various fields of engineering.
 Second, in the case of the UK, although design and technology are the only elective subject in Technology subject in high school, it suggests that content elements are related to students various career paths.
 Third, in Australia, students can choose between design, technology, and information technology, and can take both courses.
 Fourth, in China, Technology subject in high school are presented in a variety of required subject, required elective subjects, and elective subjects, and engineering and design activities are emphasized.
 Fifth, as a result of comparing domestic and foreign cases, there were similarities and differences in subject name, structure of elective subject, the grade in which the subject is chosen, and content composition of elective
 subjects.
 Through this research, it was intended to provide basic data so that various elective subject in Technology subject should be provided and operated to high school students who are in the process of going on to university and deciding on their career path to consider in terms of curriculum development.

Change as technology in a Swedish secondary high school

ABSTRACT This article addresses the fact that local school practices in Sweden today seem to be under constant change as a consequence of the ongoing and forceful neoliberalisation of society that has been going on for about three decades. The pressure on teachers and school leaders has increased due to school rankings and quality assessment has become an important instrument for administrators and evaluators. In this ethnographic study, we describe and analyse school change; the reactions on change and the initiatives to employ school change within a secondary high school. Moreover, we develop our thinking on how this situation of constant school change may be viewed in the larger social scheme of things. Or to be more precise, this study focuses on school change that seems to have become one of the central features of the neoliberal educational system.

Content Analysis of Independence for Seniors Reflected in the 2015 Revised Curriculum High School Technology and Home-Economics Textbooks: From the Perspectives of Life-Span Development, Successful Aging, and Ageism

목적 본 연구는 2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 고등학교 기술⋅가정 교과서의 ‘자립적인 노후 생활’ 단원의 내용을 전생애발달, 성공적 노화, 연령주의 관점을 적용하여 분석함으로써, 학습자들이 교과서를 통해 노인에 대한 긍정적인 인식을 함양하여 노인들과 더불어 살아갈 수 있는 역량을 강화하고 노후생활 준비의 필요성과 방법을 이해하여 스스로가 노후생활을 자립적으로 영위할 수 있는 역량을 어느 정도 갖출 수 있는지 가늠해볼 수 있는 단초를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법 2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 12종의 고등학교 기술⋅가정 교과서 ‘자립적인 노후 생활’ 단원의 본문 서술내용과 활동과제를 대상으로 노년기의 정의, 노년기의 변화, 사회변화와 노년기, 자립적인 노후생활 역량의 4가지 분석요소를 분석틀로 하여 양적분석과 질적분석을 실시하였다. 결과 첫째, 본문의 서술내용과 활동과제에는 ‘자립적인 노후 생활 역량’ 관련 내용이 차지하는 비중이 가장 컸다. 둘째, 노년기의 정의와 특성에 대한 본문 내용은 전생애발달 관점과 성공적 노화 관점을 적용하여 서술하여, 교과서를 통해 학습자들이 노년기에 대한 긍정적인 이해를 높일 수 있도록 하였다. 셋째, 고령사회에서 저출산, 사회의 부양 부담, 노인부양의 사회화, 1인 가구 증가, 노부부 가구, 독거노인 등의 사회적 현상이 나타나고 있음을 언급하며 사회적 차원에서 노년기에 대한 대비의 필요성을 접근하였다. 넷째, 개인적 차원에서의 자립적인 노후생활 역량으로는 건강관리, 의식주관리, 여가활동과 사회참여, 경제적 준비의 중요성을 강조하고, 가족 차원에서는 부부관계, (손)자녀관계, 대인관계에 초점을 맞추었으며, 사회적 차원에서는 소득, 고용, 의료, 주택, 돌봄과 관련된 사회지원 정책과 서비스를 소개하였다. 다섯째, 활동과제는 노년기와 노인에게 나타날 수 있는 변화를 체험해보고, 노후생활 준비를 위한 역량을 조사, 토의, 발표하는 활동이 대부분이었다. 결론 고등학교 기술⋅가정 교과서 ‘자립적인 노후 생활’ 단원의 본문 내용과 활동과제는 청소년 학습자들이 연령주의 관점의 수용을 지양하고, 전생애발달 관점, 성공적 노화 관점을 수용하여 노인들과 더불어 살아갈 수 있는 역량과 자립적인 노후생활을 준비하는 역량을 강화할 수 있도록 하였다.

Workshop Pembuatan Kalkulator Akuntasi Berbasis Android Pada SMK PGRI Kota Pagaralam

The purpose of the implementation of community service activities is toprovide knowledge and basic skills in the field of application for accountingcalculator based on Android as supporting learning. The development ofinformation technology that supports the implementation of the activities(supporters) of the current work very much and offers facilities to their respectiveexcellence, the positive development of technology will make a good thing fortechnology users to facilitate daily activities. One technology that supports is asmartphone. Most students/I SMK PGRI City Pagar Alam already has a lot ofsmartphone based on Android. But here students/I SMK PGRI still not muchunderstand well in the use of Android learn especially the field of accounting.Method of implementation that is played in direct dedication come to the field toconvey the material through a workshop on making an Android-based accountingcalculator for students/I SMK PGR City Pagar Alam with the source of 1 personlecturer of Informatics Engineering Study Program and accompanied 1 studentsprogram Informatics Engineering STT Pagaralam. Conclusion in the report ofdevotion carried out in accordance with the prescribed procedures and cancontribute in the form of science to the students SMK PGRI and also can increasethe professionalism of lecturers in the Environment of Informatics EngineeringProgram of high School technology Pagar Alam. Results of the activities in SMKPGRI Siswa/I can increase knowledge and understanding especially the field oftechnology based on Android

White Light Communication: A Design for High School Experiment

As wireless communication carrier frequencies continually increase to respond to growing bandwidth demands, from hundreds of MHz (3G/4G) to dozens of GHz (5G), it would only be logical to postulate that the next step in this technological revolution would be to move to hundreds of THz, also known as visible light. This completely alleviates the carrier frequency induced bandwidth limitations while serving as ambient lighting. In this paper, a visible light communication setup capable of moderate bitrate serial communication with interference from ambient lighting will be presented. Furthermore, this paper proposes the implementation of a similar setup as a form of hands-on experiential learning for high school and undergraduate engineering students.

The significance of online learning in enhancing information technology literacy for Lubuklinggau City Vocational High School teachers

The use of Information Technology (IT) in State Vocational High School (SMK N) 4 Lubuklinggau city has not been greatly optimized. Similar deduction was obtained for existing learning facilities and media, despite wifi availability. Also, the motivation for learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically declined, due to poor IT literacy among teachers. This circumstance is possibly observed from the students’ attitudes in participating in online classes, using Google Classroom and WhatsApp platforms. The assessment commenced with a pre-test, followed by a training on strengthening IT literacy as well as the development of Google Classroom and Kahoot in online learning. Subsequently, independent assignments and evaluations were conducted. The results showed an acceptable performance, with materials on "Strengthening IT Literacy", "The Development of Google Classroom in Online Learning" and "The Development of Kahoot in Online Learning", reporting 81.30, 82.72 and 82.69% comprehension rate, respectively.

Activating the cognitive learning activity through “Dead” case

The authors investigated technologization of educational process in high school and formation of interactive communicative environment for professionally oriented learning. Analysis of the problems of cases use in modern teaching practice was conducted. Methods of questionnaires, empirical data generalization, theoretical analysis of case study, justification of approaches to its technological effectiveness, “dead case”, findings generalization, defining prospects of further problem consideration were used. The authors identified the features of case study technological implementation and developed the “dead” case-based study algorithm for development of future lecturers’ professional skills. The conditions of the effective use of case technology in high school were defined. The authors proved the integral character of the case technology.

Development of Teaching Material to Design a Vehicle on Data Science in Junior High School Technology Education

The Society 5.0, advocated by the Japanese government in 2016, represents the society of the near future. In this context, the development and securing of human resources in mathematics, data science, and AI are urgent issues to promote technological innovation in the future. In this paper, a teaching material specializing in chassis of the vehicle performance in junior high school technology education was developed. The students manufactured their own teaching materials and evaluated them based on the data. The problems were identified and redesigned and remanufactured to solve them. The proposed class was practiced by students who were going to become teachers in a teacher training course, junior high school technology education. The results showed the educational effect of the material. In addition, a 13‐h lesson plan that is the basis of The Lower Secondary School National Curriculum Standard was proposed. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

VIRTUAL & AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY HELP LEARNING OF BIOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Some Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects in secondary schools or high schools, such as biology, physics, or mathematics are considered tough to students. It is due to the lack of tools to visualise details or effects in the learning process, with traditional learning materials of textbooks, blackboards, and static models. The classroom education is evolving with the technology advancements. Development works in three-dimensional (3D) graphics rendering, virtual and augmented reality (VAR) have been reported to provide interactive visualisations for classroom education. Teaching of the subject of biology is one of such examples in the classroom education which could benefit to the emerging technologies with different types of supportive tools. This project is developed to apply virtual and augmented reality technology-enhanced learning (VARTEL) in biology education of secondary schools. Pilot study has been performed with the collaborating secondary schools. The VARTEL technologies developed in the research project can be rolled out to more mainstream schools in Singapore and other countries.

Daurah Fikih Salat di Pondok Pesantren Ibnu Qayyim Bone sebagai Upaya Melahirkan Generasi Unggul

Ibnu Qayyim Islamic Boarding school is a formal educational institution, located in Walannae Village, Tanete Riattang Subdistrict, Bone Regency.This boarding school has two levels of education, namely Integrated Islamic Junior High School (SMP IT) Technology and Vocational High School (SMK) with the department of Network Computer Engineering. The purpose of KKN STIBA Makassar class IV is to carry out community service which is one of the tri dharma pillars of higher education. The method of community service implementation in the cottage begins with mapping the problems and needs of students by using instruments made independently combined with SOAR analysis. After conducting a needs analysis, the next stage is the preparation of an adaptive work program with cottage conditions. Among the work programs implemented by students of KKN STIBA Makassar class IV is Daurah Fikih Salat. The result of the implementation of this KKN is the improvement of the understanding of students around taharah and prayer that is seen in the ordinances of wudoo' and prayer movements that are getting better and right.