Russian Energy Policy Research Articles

The componential semantic reflection of Russian energy industry terms in scientific articles

This paper examines the reflection of semes of energy terms in different scientific contexts and the semantic relationship between them according to their constant and potential semes. The aim of this study is to determine the semantic characteristics and functions of terms and the relationship between them in different contexts which play an important role for the formation of modern terminological thesaurus dictionaries. Componential and contextual semantic analyses were carried out based on 100 scientific articles of energy industry and other closely-related fields. It is concluded that the key terms for a certain text constitute a kind of scheme (scenario), according to which the presentation of scientific texts unfolds. The content and composition of each of the selected scenarios is determined by the title of an article and the aspect of the presentation by the authors. The typological description of the scenarios in the article is based, on the one hand, on the indication of the composition of the given scenario, and on the other hand, on the analysis of the content of each of the allocated compositional fragments.

ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ ЭНЕРГИИ В РОССИИ РАЗВИТИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

In recent years, renewable energy sources (RES) have become an increasingly important element of Russian energy policy. This work is devoted to the analysis of the development and prospects for the use of renewable energy sources in Russia. The main types of renewable energy sources are considered, such as solar, wind, hydropower, biomass and geothermal energy. Current achievements in this area are assessed, as well as the main obstacles and challenges facing their widespread implementation. Particular attention is paid to government policies and regulatory frameworks that stimulate the development of renewable energy sources, as well as investment and technological innovation. In conclusion, the prospects for the further development of renewable energy in Russia and its role in ensuring energy security and sustainable development of the country are considered.

The End of the Energy War in Europe

The article traces the development of the confrontation and economic war between European countries and Russia in the energy sector following the start of Russian aggression in Ukraine. The main actions taken by Russia are outlined, which created an energy deficit in the energy markets and posed a significant risk to the energy security of European countries. The specific steps taken to stabilize the energy supply system and counter Russian policies are mentioned. Important instruments in energy policy are presented, including the “REPowerEU” plan and the decisions of the “Price Cap Coalition”. The effects of imposed sanctions on the Russian financial and economic system are analyzed, highlighting the low capacity of the Russian economy to compensate for the created deficits and limited opportunities for organizing alternative energy supplies. In conclusion, the main mistakes in Russia's energy strategy and energy policy are defined, leading to Russia's sustainable exclusion from the energy markets of Europe.

Study of causes and possible solutions to the problem of specialist shortage in the Russian energy industry with the involvement of HR-branding

This paper aims to identify the problems that mediate the shortage of specialists in the energy sector in Russia. The article analyzes the situation related to the insufficient popularity of engineering education among applicants, which leads to the risk of under-enrollment of students by universities within the budget enrollment control figures, which mediates difficulties in providing the quantitative parameter of the required specialists. Reduction of points for admission to technical profiles by universities leads to the attraction of applicants who do not demonstrate a conscious choice of future profession and, with a high probability, may refuse to work in their specialty, which is demonstrated by the presence in the energy sector of only 23% of specialists under 35 years of age, which is below the national average. As a result of the study it was determined that in the course of joint efforts of the state, universities and energy companies themselves to attract young people to engineering profession and work in the energy sector, the most active role should belong to employers. In this regard, the authors consider the expediency of using HR-branding in the format of expanding the target audience of potential employees of energy companies with the inclusion of preschoolers, schoolchildren and students to whom material and moral value proposition is made. Expanding the audience of the HR-brand of the company to preschoolers, schoolchildren and students, applying real moral and material motivators for them will contribute to the growth of popularity of this area of training and conscious choice of profession, which, in the long term, will solve the issue of the shortage of qualified personnel in the energy sector of Russia.

Renewable Energy in International Law: The Russian Perspective for Developing a Common BRICS Approach

The growing influence of renewable energy in the economy raises concerns about the need for perfecting the relevant international legal regime so as to satisfy all the stakeholders concerned. This article analyzes the relevant legal position of Russia as one of the largest exporters of energy-related products, while focusing on cooperation in this area as the BRICS Energy Prospects. The research reveals a number of findings: Russian Energy Policy has so far cautiously supported the promotion of renewable energy internationally in the context of energy efficiency and energy security; nevertheless, Russia has demonstrated a very restrained approach to the development of legally binding instruments on the matter. The authors conclude that it may be viable to find a reasonable “compromise of compromises” for the evolving international legal regime of renewable energy, and if this were to be accomplished, BRICS could assume a leading international position for the creation of such a regime.

Sustainable Energy Potential and Strategy of Russia

The main aim of this paper is to analyze how Russia's energy policy in the field of sustainable energy has changed over the past decades. At the same time, this article assesses the technical and economic potential based on published studies and analyzes the opportunities and limitations that the energy transition creates for Russian policymakers. For this purpose, the role and place of sustainable energy in the energy sector of Russia, the largest energy supplier in the world, whose economy is now completely dependent on the export of fossil energy resources, is analyzed in a more detailed way. The article demonstrates that the focus on technological development is the main factor for regulators when taking energy policy measures in relation to nu-clear, hydro, wind and solar energy, as well as the hydrogen economy. The paper concludes that it is highly likely that this focus will continue for the foreseeable future, but can be supplemented by intentions to keep energy prices low and achieve ambitious climate targets.

Модернизация оборудования первичной подготовки нефти

The role of the Russian energy industry in modern conditions is indicated. An important part of the energy sector of the Russian Federation is the fuel and energy complex, which is based on oil production. Oil in its pure form contains many impurities (water, sand, gas, pieces of rock, etc.). In order to meet the standards, oil needs to go through many refining processes. Heat exchangers play an important role at the stage of oil refining. It has been found that in the course of work scale, various deposits, pollution are formed in the heat-exchange equipment. Due to these formations, the heat exchanger loses its heating properties. It is possible to prevent the formation of deposits by using ultrasonic method. Structurally, the ultrasonic unit is a pulse generator with two magnetic transducers. When sonicating an oil-water emulsion with ultrasound, destruction occurs, splitting the crystals of hardness salts formed in the heated emulsion. Ultrasonic treatment, propagating over the surface, prevents the formation of scale deposits on it. Ultrasonic treatment is the most effective method for controlling the rheological properties of heavy high-viscosity oils from both technological and environmental and economic points of view. The results of the analysis of the ultrasonic method are presented, its advantages and disadvantages are listed. Conclusions are drawn about the insufficient number of studies comparing ultrasonic and thermal treatment of oil and the need for further study of the application of the ultrasonic method for primary oil treatment equipment.

Decarbonization of the national energy industry in the context of the latest geopolitical crisis

Aim. The presente study aims to evaluate the relevance of decarbonization of the Russian energy industry in the context of the latest crisis; to identify emerging and prospective problems; to determine their prerequisites and ways to overcome them.Tasks. The authors systematize mechanisms available before the crisis aimed at supporting the development of renewable energy sources (RES) in Russia and assess the extent of their functioning at the time of writing; determine how today’s economic challenges will affect the introduction of new low-carbon energy sources; evaluate the possibility of engaging the population in the decarbonization of the energy industry through an in-depth interview of an expert group.Methods. This study uses analysis of the regulatory framework and other industry sources and in-depth interview of an expert group to identify negative trends in the further reduction of the carbon footprint in the energy industry and investigate the prerequisites for the engagement of the Russian population in decarbonization.Results. On the way to reducing the carbon footprint in the energy sector, new renewable energy facilities will face the first difficulties. The postponement of the 2022 selection of RES projects for one year and the provision of a non-penalized two-year delay in the introduction of RES have actually shifted the commissioning of new capacities by three years. The departure of localized producers of wind turbines contributes to a shift in the timing and a decrease in the volume of commissioning of new wind farms in Russia. The traditional energy sector faces similar problems due to the withdrawal of major gas turbine manufacturers from the market. A survey of the representatives of the expert community (industry specialists) showed that experts as household consumers of electric and thermal energy consider the problem of ecology to be still relevant. They are generally positive about the further development of low-carbon generation and are ready to support the decarbonization of the energy industry, but with no more than a 10-20 % surcharge to the existing tariff.Conclusions. Compliance with the global trend of energy transition for Russia presents multiple challenges in the context of the latest crisis. Withdrawal of the manufacturers of high-tech equipment from the market, reduction of green energy exports, and expiration of green international certificates have significantly slowed the pace of decarbonization. However, a survey of the expert community of industry specialists shows that the development of environmentally responsible consumption of electric and thermal energy in Russia can attract green investment in the country’s energy sector from the population.

서방의 대 러시아 에너지 부문 제재와 러시아의 대응

Energy industry sanctions, which form the core of economic sanctions against Russia, began in earnest after Russia annexed Crimea in 2014. Following the outbreak of war in Ukraine in February 2022, the US and EU significantly strengthened sanctions on the energy industry, which is the backbone of Russia's economy and accounts for more than 50% of its exports. Russia is not only Europe's No. 1 supplier of energy resources, but also occupies a very important position in world energy trade, accounting for 20% of total global trades of energy commodities. Political conflicts between major exporters and importers such as Russia, the US and Europe have greatly increased uncertainties in the energy market. This is having a huge impact on the world economy. As a result of the sanctions, the Russian energy industry has been forced to change its structure. If the previous goal was to develop the energy industry and further strengthen its position as the largest exporter of natural resources, the current goal has to be revised to minimize losses caused by sanctions. In the future, Russia is expected to increase exports to the Asian market, focusing on cooperation with China and India. It is expected that costs will increase because productivity and efficiency decrease as access to foreign technology and equipment becomes difficult. The policy to localize Western equipment and technology subject to sanctions will be pushed more strongly, but this will inevitably cost considerable money and time. At present, Russia's exports of energy regenerate maintain a high export value due to high prices, although the export volume has decreased. It is difficult for Europe to fully replace Russian energy resources in the short term. For the time being, due to increased exports to Asia and relatively high energy commodity prices, Russia's energy resource exports are expected to remain high for a considerable period of time. The Russian energy industry will play an important role in the Russian economy and international energy market for some time, but its current share will decline more rapidly than previously anticipated. In an unprecedented and unpredictable situation, the Russian energy industry is facing a previously unimaginable challenge to maintain the status quo or to minimize the decline in production and exports.

ЭКОСИСТЕМА ЭЗЕРНЕТА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ БАЗИС ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ БОЛЬШИХ ДАННЫХ

The future development of the Russian energy sector will be based on the energy economy of big high-frequency data. Russia has begun preparing a new national project to build a big data economy during the year. High-frequency big geodata is a new stage in the development of the digital energy economy. The digital modernization of the Russian energy industry is a key driver of the resource-innovative development of the Russian Big Data economy.

Strategies for the development of the Russian energy industry in the conditions of climate challenges and geopolitical instability

The complication of the geopolitical situation, the growth of crisis processes, including in the energy and food sectors, the return of a number of “old” problems as significant, including increased inflation, rising cost of living, trade wars, large-scale social protests, etc., to a certain extent distracted the attention of states from solving the problems of the climate agenda. Against this background, it was not possible to overcome the trend towards an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with a special role in this energy. As a result, the achievement of the milestones agreed in Paris in 2015 to keep the temperature of the atmospheric air on the planet within the limits of an increase of 2 °C, with the most preferable option of 1.5 °C, was jeopardized. The complexity of the current climate situation and doubts about its easing in the application of traditional approaches stimulate a rethinking of the landmarks and instruments of climate policy and the energy transition associated with it at the global, subregional and national levels, as well as in strategic business decisions. Of particular interest in this context as a kind of benchmarking are the efforts of countries and regions that seek to take a leading position in these processes. As for Russia, the current situation, including uncertainty in the energy markets and price volatility, jeopardizes the export revenues of the budget and Russian companies, and the continued relevance of the climate agenda to reduce GHG emissions in the face of sanctions pressure and lack of access to the best available decarbonization technologies complicate green energy transition. In this context, the article examines the new accents of climate policy, reveals the leading priorities of the measures being implemented in Russia to adapt to the challenges of the green energy transition, and analyzes ways to update the Russian energy development strategy. Particular attention is paid to the substantiation and presentation of the author’s concept of alternative macro-scenarios for the development of the Russian energy sector and the development of the highest priority strategies for Russian fuel and energy enterprises to maintain their competitive positions in the face of structural shifts and the implementation of a moderate energy transition option.

The Caspian region in Russian energy policy

The Caspian region in Russian energy policy

Digital and automated technologies in the Russian energy industry

The article emphasizes the need for implementing digital and automated technologies and describes their potential. The article distinguishes between the directions of digital transformation of the energy industry using key implementation criteria that allow companies to adapt to new tasks and goals, improve the availability of the power grid infrastructure, and increase the operation effect. The article specifies the targets of digitalization and explores existing and promising digital technology projects.

Features of Russia's Energy Policy in the Far East in the late XIX - early XX centuries

Features of Russia's Energy Policy in the Far East in the late XIX - early XX centuries

Задача достижения углеродной нейтральности энергетики к 2060 году и оценка рисков для безопасности России

The article assesses the possibility of the Russian energy industry to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. As a condition for the fulfillment of the task, the necessity of creating an engineering and technical structure in order to create equipment suitable for the modernization of existing energy systems is considered. It is also necessary to obtain complete knowledge and reliable basic data on climate effects, in the absence of which the modernization of existing energy systems is fundamentally impossible.

Перспективы развития российского нефтесервиса в условиях перехода к «зеленой энергетике»

The article discusses the basic concepts and principles of clean (green) energy and the reasons for the transition of the global industrial industry to renewable energy sources. Decarbonization trend in the world economy is said to complicate the prospects of the Russian oilfield services, and the task is to determine the possibilities for its sustainable development. To achieve this goal, the current level and the prospects of green energy were analyzed, the problems associated with the transition to renewable energy sources were examined, various ways of the oil and gas business development have been identified. It is established that the current renewable energy sources contribution to the global energy balance is 5 %. However, the policy of economic stimulation for industry decarbonization, which is observed by the industrially developed countries, ensures doubling of the established renewable capacity every four years. The key problems arising from the transition to the renewable energy are revealed, with the main being storage, non-stop energy supply, and the high price of generation products. The paper focuses on the Russian energy industry features which are characterized with the extensive supply of the traditional cheap natural sources, including gas, oil, coal, hydro resources, nuclear power. The transition time to renewable energy is found to be at least 50 years when hydrocarbons remain to be the main source of energy generation. The prospects of sustainable development of the Russian oilfield services are as follows: integration of high technology and new innovation methods of searching, exploration, development, and exploitation of the hydro carbonated deposits; substitution of imported technologies and equipment with the domestic ones; government support of the industry and diversification towards decarbonization energy.

Decarbonization of the Russian Energy Industry in the Context of Sanctions and the Global Energy Transition

Decarbonization of the Russian Energy Industry in the Context of Sanctions and the Global Energy Transition

Methodological approach to development and implementation of the Small Nuclear Power Plants program

The article considers perspectives and institutions for innovative nuclear energy subsector – a small and medium-sized nuclear power plants (SNP). The features of the technologies, prospective sites for their introduction, topics for priority research work, as well as mechanisms for the creation of a new sub-sector of nuclear energy are briefly discussed. The advantages and opportunities of such approach to the energy supply of autonomous and isolated consumers located primarily in remote areas and in the Arctic are indicated. Special attention is paid to the problems of technological and operational safety, economic efficiency, and personnel training. The methodological framework provides a brief integrated description of the possibilities provided by dual-use technologies in solving national economic issues; a list of priority research areas to clarify assessments of the financial and economic efficiency of the SNP subsystem within the Russian nuclear energy industry; as well as proposals for personnel training to ensure a trouble-free and efficient Program implementation process.

The development of renewable energy and state policy in improving energy efficiency

This article examines the state policy in the field of electric power industry aimed at increasing energy saving. Taking into account all the pros and cons of classical types of electricity production, more and more attention is paid to new, emerging sources, in particular, biofuels and processing of production and consumption waste. Wind power is an innovation that has received investment for development before, but the previous advanced production has not had much success. Russia and the international community have recognized the advantages of renewable energy sources based on wind over traditional energy sources, and the Russian wind energy industry has become the object of close attention not only of domestic entrepreneurs, but also of foreign companies that consider it as a profitable industry for long-term investment.

Effect of local power systems integration on the distribution network functions

The Russian energy industry today needs an “energy transition”. The key link is the Regional Electric Network Companies as the basis of regional power supply system. There are significant changes in the industry, such as changes in legislation, the emergence of new requirements, changes in the regional fuel landscape. The mass appearance of distributed generation as the basis of local power systems has a great influence on the changes. This has led to new functions for Regional Electric Network Companies. The paper studies the effect of local power systems integration on the expansion of the functions performed by distribution network. Particular attention is paid to demand management for electricity; mutual reservation, multi-agent voltage regulation, functions of local energy systems integration with distribution networks.