Abstract
The role of the Russian energy industry in modern conditions is indicated. An important part of the energy sector of the Russian Federation is the fuel and energy complex, which is based on oil production. Oil in its pure form contains many impurities (water, sand, gas, pieces of rock, etc.). In order to meet the standards, oil needs to go through many refining processes. Heat exchangers play an important role at the stage of oil refining. It has been found that in the course of work scale, various deposits, pollution are formed in the heat-exchange equipment. Due to these formations, the heat exchanger loses its heating properties. It is possible to prevent the formation of deposits by using ultrasonic method. Structurally, the ultrasonic unit is a pulse generator with two magnetic transducers. When sonicating an oil-water emulsion with ultrasound, destruction occurs, splitting the crystals of hardness salts formed in the heated emulsion. Ultrasonic treatment, propagating over the surface, prevents the formation of scale deposits on it. Ultrasonic treatment is the most effective method for controlling the rheological properties of heavy high-viscosity oils from both technological and environmental and economic points of view. The results of the analysis of the ultrasonic method are presented, its advantages and disadvantages are listed. Conclusions are drawn about the insufficient number of studies comparing ultrasonic and thermal treatment of oil and the need for further study of the application of the ultrasonic method for primary oil treatment equipment.
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