Ellipsoid Basidiospores Research Articles

Flavodontia rosea gen. & sp. nov. from southwestern China

A new white-rot corticioid wood-inhabiting fungal genus and species, Flavodontia rosea, collected from subtropical Yunnan, China, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. Flavodontia is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomes with a pink hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, and ellipsoid basidiospores with thin hyaline smooth walls. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and ITS + LSU nuclear RNA gene regions showed that Flavodontia formed a distinct, monophyletic lineage within a subclade that includes Flavodon and Irpex.

Morphological and Molecular Evidence for Two New Species within Russula Subgenus Brevipes from China

Two new Russula species, R. subbrevipes and R. callainomarginis, from China are described based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Russula subbrevipes has thus far only been found in southwestern China at altitudes of higher than 3400 m and is characterized by a yellow ochre pileal surface, glabrous or tomentose stipe, fruity odor, subglobose to ellipsoid basidiospores, isolated or partially connected warts and pleurocystidia with a cap appendage. Russula callainomarginis is characterized by a cream to white pileus, light turquoise lamellae margin, spongy stipe, light turquoise zone on the top of the stipe, pungent odor, globose to ellipsoid basidiospores and dominant isolated warts. The phylogenetic tree of Russula was constructed with multi-gene sequences, including the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), the small subunit of the mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). The results show that both R. subbrevipes and R. callainomarginis represent new lineages in Russula subg. Brevipes. Description and illustration of the two new species are presented.

Type studies on two Paxillus species (Paxillaceae, Boletales) described from China

Types and recently collected samples of two Paxillus species namely P. rhytidophyllus and P. yunnanensis, originally described from southwestern China, were critically restudied based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic data of DNA sequences from the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (nrLSU), the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α). The results showed that these two species belong to Boletinellus and Tricholomopsis, respectively. Thus, two new combinations, Boletinellus rhytidophyllus and Tricholomopsis yunnanensis are proposed. Boletinellus rhytidophyllus is characterized by a deeply decurrent and shallow hymenophore which is poroid-lamellate to alveolate, slightly thick-walled (0.6–1 μm) basidiospores, occasionally 2- to 4-spored basidia, rare or infrequent hymenial cystidia, and a trichodermal pileipellis. Tricholomopsis yunnanensis is characterized by a convex pileus densely covered by red-violet to red-brown fibrillose squamules, a yellowish stipe sparsely covered with red to red-brown fibrillose squamules, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, prominent large cheilocystidia measuring 60–195 × 11–39 μm, and a palisadic pileipellis. New descriptions and line drawings of these two species and their comparisons with allied taxa are presented.

Lepiota brunneogranulosa (Agaricaceae): a new species from Punjab, Pakistan, based on integrated taxonomy

During our surveys of mushrooms in 2019 and 2020, an interesting species of the genus Lepiota was collected from three different areas of Punjab (Bahawalnagar, Sheikhupura, and Muzaffarghar), Pakistan. These areas vary in their altitude and somewhat climatic conditions, nevertheless, morpho-anatomical comparisons and molecular analyses proved that these collections represented the same taxon, described here as Lepiota brunneogranulosa. This new species is characterized by a pileus with a yellowish-brown central disc, with brown colored granules on a very pale brown background, dextrinoid, ellipsoid basidiospores, frequently bi-sporic basidia, and narrowly clavate cheilocystidia. Because of the hymeniform pileus covering, and the placement in the phylogeny, based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrITS) and Larger Subunit (LSU), it belongs to the Lepiota sect. Lilaceae.

New species and new record in Agaricus subg. Minores from India

Two new species of Agaricus, namely A. midnapurensis and A. purpureosquamulosus, belonging to A. subg. Minores, are proposed here as new to science based on specimens collected in West Bengal, India. Agaricus midnapurensis is distinguished by its medium-sized basidiomata with a pileus covered by greyish brown to brown or dark brown squamules, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with a mean value of 7.3 × 5.4 µm, and broadly clavate to pyriform cheilocystidia, 22-28 × 10-14 µm. Agaricus purpureosquamulosus has purplish coloured pileus squamules, ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores with a mean value of 7.3 × 4.5 µm, and clavate cheilocystidia measuring 17-21 × 5-7 µm. In addition, A. glabriusculus is reported for the first time in India. Detailed morphological descriptions, field photographs of the collected basidiomata, comparisons with morphologically similar species and a phylogenetic tree based on the nrDNA ITS sequence data are provided

Molecular and Morphological Identification of Cantharellus pallens Pilát 1959 (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota), a New Record for Turkey

A new species in the genus of Cantharellus, Cantharellus pallens Pilát 1959, is described and illustrated from Tokat city province, Turkey. This taxon is characterized by white to pale ochraceous cap, pale ocher white to cream stipe, well-developed and brighter pale ochre yellow to orange yellow hymenophore near the margin, small and ellipsoid basidiospores, and orange to yellow spore print. A detailed morphological description as well as the phylogenetic data derived from both the DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large ribosomal subunit (LSU) genes revealed that this species is Cantharellus pallens, a novel species for the Turkish mycobiota.

A Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Study on Xylodon (Hymenochaetales): Focusing on Three New Xylodon Species from Southern China.

Three wood-inhabiting fungal species, Xylodon laceratus, X. montanus, and X. tropicus spp. nov., were collected from southern China, here proposed as new taxa based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Xylodon laceratus is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with grandinioid hymenophore having cracked hymenial surface, and ellipsoid basidiospores; X. montanus is characterized by the annual basidiomata having the hard, brittle hymenophore with cream hymenial surface, and ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (3.9–5.3 × 3.2–4.3 µm); and X. tropicus is characterized by its grandinioid hymenophore with buff to a pale brown hymenial surface and subglobose basidiospores measuring 2–4.8 × 1.6–4 µm. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The ITS+nLSU analysis of the order Hymenochaetales indicated that the three new species clustered into the family Schizoporaceae, located in genus Xylodon; based on further analysis of ITS dataset, X. laceratus was a sister to X. heterocystidiatus; X. montanus closely grouped with X. subclavatus and X. xinpingensis with high support; while X. tropicus was retrieved as a sister to X. hastifer.

Morphological and Phylogenetic Evidence for Recognition of Two New Species of Phanerochaete from East Asia.

Two new corticioid fungal species, Phanerochaete pruinosa and P. rhizomorpha spp. nov. are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Phanerochaete pruinosa is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with the pruinose hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate generative hyphae and subcylindrical basidiospores measuring as 3.5–6.7 × 1.5–2.7 µm. Phanerochaete rhizomorpha is characterized by having a smooth hymenophore covered by orange hymenial surface, the presence of rhizomorphs, subulate cystidia, and narrower ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS+nLSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied specimens were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. These phylogenetic analyses showed that two new species clustered into genus Phanerochaete, in which P. pruinosa was sister to P. yunnanensis with high supports (100% BS, 100% BT, 1.00 BPP); morphologically differing by a pale orange to greyish orange and densely cracked hymenial surface. Another species P. rhizomorpha was closely grouped with P. citrinosanguinea with lower supports; morphologically having yellow to reddish yellow hymenial surface, and smaller cystidia measuring as 31–48 × 2.3–4.8 µm.

A new saprotrophic species of Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) from Inner Mongolia, China

A new saprotrophic species in Amanita sect. Lepidella, A. orientisororia, was discovered on lawn and sand dunes in Northeast China. This species was macroscopically characterized by a small white pileus, conical to subconical to pyramidal volval remnants on pileal surface, large broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 9–13×7–9.5 μm, and the common presence of clamps in all parts of basidiomata. It was described and compared with related species in the genus, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence inferred from sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal region (nrLSU).

Two New Species of Fibrodontia (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota) with a Key to Worldwide Species.

Fibrodontia is a genus of wood-inhabiting fungi consisting of four species so far, including F. gossypina as generic type. Two new species, Fibrodontia austrosinensis and F. subalba, are described and illustrated from China. Fibrodontia austrosinensis from southwestern China is characterized by a grandinioid to odontioid hymenophore with numerous small aculei, a dimitic hyphal system with scattered, smooth skeletal hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–5.2 × 3.5–4.5 μm. Fibrodontia subalba from the West Tianshan Mountain in northwestern China is distinguished by an odontioid to hydnoid hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal system, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 3.7–4.4 × 2.8–3.4 μm. The phylogenies inferred from the data set of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and D1–D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and that of ITS, 28S, translation elongation factor (tef1α), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) supported Fibrodontia as a monophyletic genus in the Trechisporales, and F. austrosinensis and F. subalba as separate lineages within Fibrodontia. Multi-rate Poisson Tree Processes, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and genetic distance methods based on ITS sequences of Fibrodontia also supported F. austrosinensis and F. subalba as distinct species. The taxonomic status of F. fimbriata that was recently transferred from Cystidiodendron, is briefly discussed. A key to all six known species of Fibrodontia is provided.

Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of fungi within Hymenochaetales: introducing two new species from southern China

Two new wood‐inhabiting fungal species, Lyomyces niveus and L. ochraceoalbus spp. nov. are proposed based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. Lyomyces ochraceoalbus is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with tuberculate, cracking hymenial surface, clavate basidia with a median constriction, gathering numerous irregular crystals, and thin‐walled basidiospores with one or two globules. Lyomyces niveus is characterised by resupinate basidiomata, smooth to grandinioid hymenial surface, presence of three kinds of cystidia, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of the ITS and nLSU gene regions were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic reconstruction of Schizoporaceae based on a concatenated ITS+nLSU dataset showed that the two new species are nested in Lyomyces. A second phylogenetic analysis, of the genus Lyomyces, demonstrated that multiple isolates of L. niveus forms a monophyletic lineage which is sister to a clade comprising L. crustosus, L. juniperi, L. ochraceoalbus and L. vietnamensis. Moreover, L. ochraceoalbus is closely related to L. crustosus.

A new record for the Physalacriaceae family in Turkey

Cryptomarasmius minutus (Peck) T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin, is given as new record for the mycobiota of Turkey with a short description and figures related to its macro and micromorphology. This species is the second member of the genus Cryptomarasmius T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin in Turkey and characterized by small, red-brown pileus, distant, often reduced lamellae, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid basidiospores, and the presence of pileocystidia, dimorphic cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia, and caulocystidia.

Additions to the Knowledge of Corticioid Xylodon (Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales): Introducing Three New Xylodon Species from Southern China

Three wood-inhabiting fungal species, Xylodon gossypinus, X. macrosporus, and X. sinensis spp. nov. were collected from southern China, with the similar function to decompose rotten wood, which are here proposed as new taxa based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Xylodon gossypinus is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with cotton hymenophore, and ellipsoid basidiospores; X.macrosporus is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata having the cracking hymenophore with pale yellowish hymenial surface, and larger basidiospores 8–10.5 × 7.5–9 µm; and X. sinensis differs by its grandinioid hymenial surface and subglobose basidiospores measuring as 3–5 × 2.5–4 µm. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The ITS+nLSU analysis in Hymenochaetales revealed that the three new species clustered into the Schizoporaceae family, located in genus Xylodon; based on the ITS dataset, X. gossypinus was a sister to X. ussuriensis; X. macrosporus closely grouped with X.follis with a high support; and X.sinensis was retrieved as two sisters to X. attenuatus and X. yarraensis with a lower support.

Phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters reveal two new species of Ganoderma from Yunnan province, China.

Ganodermadianzhongensesp. nov. and G.esculentumsp. nov. are proposed as two new species based on both phenotypic and genotypic evidences. Ganodermadianzhongense is characterized by the stipitate basidiomata, laccate and oxblood red pileus, gray white pore surface, duplex context and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (9.0–12.5 × 6.5–9.0 μm) with coarse interwall pillars. Ganodermaesculentum is characterized by its basidiomata with slender stipe, white pore surface, homogeneous pileus context, and slightly truncate, narrow basidiospores (8.0–12.5 × 5.0–8.0 µm). Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) sequence data. The illustrations and descriptions for the new taxa are provided.

Gerhardtia foliicola, a new record for Pakistan

Gerhardtia foliicola is reported as a new record for Pakistan. The species is characterized by a reddish brown and hygrophanous pileus, densely crowded lamellae, small sized ellipsoid basidiospores with irregular outline and occurrence on leaf litter and humus in broadleaf forests. Our phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region clustered the Pakistani collections in the same clade with G. foliicola sequences from Japan. Detailed description of macro- and micro-characters, habitat, general distribution, and diagnostic features important for delimiting G. foliicola from closely related taxa are presented.

Hymenochaete liliae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi), una nueva especie del estado de Oaxaca, México

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Hymenochaete es el género con el mayor número de especies de la familia Hymenochaetaceae en México, teniendo registradas 25 especies. Se caracteriza por su basidioma principalmente resupinado, aunque puede ser pileado o estipitado, de colores pardos, con presencia de setas y reacción xantocroide. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo describir una nueva especie de Hymenochaete.Métodos: Los materiales estudiados en fresco se describieron macro y micro morfológicamente usando microscopio estereoscópico y óptico, y tomando fotos in situ. Se revisaron ejemplares de los herbarios ENCB y FCME, así como literatura especializada para su descripción.Resultados clave: Hymenochaete liliae sp. nov. se caracteriza por el basidioma resupinado, adnato, carnoso, himenóforo liso, con numerosas setas, margen determinado, abrupto, con sistema hifal monomítico, septos simples; setas subfusiformes, abundantes en el himenio, 69-80 × 6-8 µm, agudas, con cristales y basidiosporas elipsoides, de paredes delgadas, 5-8 × 2-3 µm. Aunque se asemeja a H. rhabarbarina, se diferencia por presentar setas cubiertas con cristales y esporas de 4.8-6 × 2.3-3.3 µm. También se podría confundir con H. minuscula por su color del basidioma; sin embargo, las setas son de menor tamaño (40-60 µm), así como los basidios (15-20 µm). Se separa de H. cinnamomea por no presentar un basidioma estratoso, setas con cristales, de 69-80 × 6-8 µm, basidiosporas de 5-8 × 2-3 µm, elipsoidales.Conclusiones: Se propone Hymenochaete liliae como una especie nueva, que se distribuye en el bosque tropical del estado de Oaxaca, y hasta la fecha solo reportada de la localidad tipo.

The Hidden Wood-Decaying Fungal Diversity: Rhizochaete from East Asia

Wood-decaying fungi play crucial roles as decomposers in forest ecosystems. In this study, two new corticioid fungi, Rhizochaete fissurata and R. grandinosa spp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Rhizochaete fissurata is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with a cracking hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa generative hyphae, presence of subfusiform to conical cystidia encrusted at the apex or coarse on the upper half, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Rhizochaete grandinosa differs in its resupinate basidiomata with a smooth hymenial surface, presence of two types of cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were employed, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods on two datasets (ITS+nLSU and ITS). Both dataset analyses showed that two new species clustered into the genus Rhizochaete, in which, based on the ITS+nLSU dataset, R. fissurata was sister to R. belizensis, and R. grandinosa grouped with R. radicata; the phylogram inferred from ITS sequences inside Rhizochaete indicated that R. fissurata formed a monophyletic lineage with a lower support; R. grandinosa grouped closely with R. radicata. In addition, an identification key to all Rhizochaete species worldwide is provided.

Melanogaster coccolobae sp. nov. (Paxillaceae, Boletales), un hongo hipogeo tropical de las áreas urbanas de Quintana Roo, México

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Melanogaster se caracteriza por su hábito hipogeo a semi hipogeo, basidiomas parduscos, gleba con lóculos llenos de gel y basidiosporas globosas a elipsoides. El género se distribuye en zonas templadas, pero secuencias de ectomicorrizas de Coccoloba y pocas colecciones de basidiomas han revelado su presencia en los trópicos. El objetivo de este artículo es describir una nueva especie de Melanogaster a partir de datos ecológicos, moleculares y morfológicos. Métodos: Los especímenes fueron recolectados en jardines urbanos de Quintana Roo en la Península de Yucatán, México. Para la descripción morfológica se siguieron los protocolos clásicos para hongos secuestrados. El material se depositó en el herbario micológico “José Castillo Tovar” del Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria (ITCV) y en el herbario de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY). Resultados clave: Melanogaster coccolobae se presenta como una nueva especie de los jardines urbanos de Quintana Roo con base en evidencia morfológica, ecológica y molecular. Esta especie se caracteriza por sus basidiomas hipogeos a semi hipogeos, peridio naranja grisáceo, marrón o marrón rojizo, compuesto por dos capas, olor dulce, basidiosporas subglobosas, elipsoides o piriformes y por formar asociación micorrízica con Coccoloba spicata. Conclusiones: Melanogaster coccolobae es la primera especie descrita del Caribe mexicano en jardines urbanos con Coccoloba spicata. Se recomiendan más estudios sobre los hongos secuestrados tropicales.

Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for recognition of two new species of Hyphoderma (Basidiomycota) from southern China, with a key to all Chinese Hyphoderma.

Wood-inhabiting fungi play crucial roles as decomposers in forest ecosystems and, in this study, two new wood-inhabiting corticioid fungi, Hyphodermapuerense and H.tenuissimumspp. nov., are proposed, based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Hyphodermapuerense is characterised by effused basidiomata with smooth to floccose hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Hyphodermatenuissimum is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with tuberculate to minutely-grandinioid hymenial surface, septate cystidia and cylindrical to allantoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with Maximum Likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. These analyses showed that the two new species clustered into Hyphoderma, in which H.puerense grouped with H.moniliforme and H.tenuissimum formed a singleton lineage. In addition, an identification key to Chinese Hyphoderma is provided.

Revision of the genus Restingomyces, including two new species from Mexico

ABSTRACT To document sequestrate fungal diversity in American tropical regions, we performed a series of field surveys in southeastern Mexico and discovered two new species in the phalloid genus Restingomyces (Trappeaceae, Phallales). Here, we describe them based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 and nuc 28S rDNA. Restingomyces guzmanianus is characterized by the brownish peridium, yellowish brown gleba, and ellipsoid basidiospores, whereas R. yaaxtax is characterized by the white peridium, pale green gleba, and small ellipsoid basidiospores. Both species occur in medium-statured tropical dry forest. The original diagnosis of the genus Restingomyces is emended to include these novel species. Illustrations are provided.