Abstract
Three wood-inhabiting fungal species, Xylodon gossypinus, X. macrosporus, and X. sinensis spp. nov. were collected from southern China, with the similar function to decompose rotten wood, which are here proposed as new taxa based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Xylodon gossypinus is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with cotton hymenophore, and ellipsoid basidiospores; X.macrosporus is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata having the cracking hymenophore with pale yellowish hymenial surface, and larger basidiospores 8–10.5 × 7.5–9 µm; and X. sinensis differs by its grandinioid hymenial surface and subglobose basidiospores measuring as 3–5 × 2.5–4 µm. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The ITS+nLSU analysis in Hymenochaetales revealed that the three new species clustered into the Schizoporaceae family, located in genus Xylodon; based on the ITS dataset, X. gossypinus was a sister to X. ussuriensis; X. macrosporus closely grouped with X.follis with a high support; and X.sinensis was retrieved as two sisters to X. attenuatus and X. yarraensis with a lower support.
Highlights
Corticioid fungi are mainly a diverse and heterogeneous group of basidiomycete fungi which display a considerable ability to transform or degrade different environmental contaminants on their extensive organic compound degradation abilities [1]
On the basis of the nuclear DNA sequence data, the molecular systematics for Hyphodontia s.l. demonstrated that the polyphyletic genus consisted of six well-distinguished clades: Lagarobasidium clade, Kneiffiella-Alutaceodontia clade, Hyphodontia clade, Hastodontia clade, Xylodon-LyomycesRogersella clade, and Xylodon-Schizopora-Palifer clade, in which the genera Xylodon, Schizopora, Palifer, Lyomyces, and Rogersella were mixed within the Xylodon-Lyomyces-Rogersella clade and the Xylodon-Schizopora-Palifer clade, and it had no phylogenetic support in their study [32]
Phylogenetic trees indicated that Hyphodontia s.l. consisted of various genera, which revealed that it hardly differentiated between the genera Xylodon and Schizopora with neither morphological nor molecular data,; both should be summarized in one genus [20]
Summary
Corticioid fungi are mainly a diverse and heterogeneous group of basidiomycete fungi which display a considerable ability to transform or degrade different environmental contaminants on their extensive organic compound degradation abilities [1]. The corticioid genus Xylodon (Pers.) Gray (Schizoporaceae, Hymenochaetales) with the generic type X. quercinus (Pers.) Gray is characterized by the basidiomata having a smooth, tuberculate, grandinioid, odontioid, coralloid, irpicoid or poroid hymenophore, and a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and presence of muti-types cystidia, suburniform basidia, and globose to ellipsoid to cylindrical basidiospores, causing a white rot [2,3]. Inferred from a natural classification of Hyphodontia sensu lato with the trait evolution of basidiocarps within Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota), six genera: Fasciodontia, Hastodontia, Hyphodontia, Kneiffiella, Lyomyces, and Xylodon were separated into four clades within Hymenochaetales, in which Fasciodontia, Lyomyces, and Xylodon were accepted as members of the family Schizoporaceae; Kneiffiella and Hyphodontia were placed into monotypic families, Chaetoporellaceae and Hyphodontiaceae, respectively, and Hastodontia was considered to be an uncertain family rank within Hymenochaetales [23]
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