This themed edition of the Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science delves into the pivotal topic of transport decarbonization, a critical component in the global strategy to combat climate change and promote environmental sustainability. It amalgamates a rich tapestry of research, case studies, and policy analyses focused on the multifaceted challenges and opportunities inherent in transitioning to a low-carbon transport system. Key areas of discussion include the complexities of electric vehicle (EV) adoption, the potential for invigorating local manufacturing sector through EV and e-bike production, the transformative impact of removing fuel subsidies on the uptake of solar power, and the intricate policy landscapes that underpin transport decarbonization efforts. By spotlighting Nigeria's unique context, from its policy strides to innovative local initiatives, this edition not only contributes to the academic discourse on sustainable transport but also aims to inspire actionable insights and collaborative efforts towards achieving a decarbonized transport future. This compilation seeks to foster a deeper understanding of the interplay between technological innovation, policy frameworks, and community engagement in driving the shift towards sustainable mobility solutions, with the hope of catalyzing further research and implementation of sustainable transport systems globally.