Elaboration Of Policies Research Articles

Sedentary behavior and association with multimorbidity and patterns of multimorbidity in elderly Brazilians: data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019

Sedentary behavior emerges as an important determinant of health in elderly persons, but its relationship to multimorbidity and its patterns in the Brazilian population have received little attention in epidemiological studies. Such associations can assist the elaboration of public policies aimed at modification of this behavior. This study thus aimed to assess the association between sedentary behavior and multimorbidity and its patterns in elderly Brazilians. This was a cross-sectional study of 43,554 elderly Brazilians in the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019. Self-reported SB was categorized as < 3; 3-6; and > 6 hours a day. The presence of multimorbidity and its patterns were analyzed by self-report of two or more chronic diseases, where the three established patterns considered the diseases with similar clinical characteristics: (1) cardiopulmonary; (2) vascular-metabolic; and (3) mental-musculoskeletal. The associations were measured by binary logistic regression. Elderly persons that spent 3-6 hours/day in sedentary behavior had lower odds (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.29; 1.50) of presenting multimorbidity, vascular-metabolic pattern (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.29; 1.50), and mental-musculoskeletal pattern (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.00; 1.24). Sedentary behavior > 6 hours/day was associated with higher odds of multimorbidity (OR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.43; 1.74) and the cardiopulmonary (OR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.33; 2.27), vascular-metabolic (OR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.35; 1.64), and mental-musculoskeletal (OR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.31) patterns when compared to elders with 3 hours/day of sedentary behavior. This showed that extensive time in sedentary behavior is a relevant risk factor for multimorbidity and its patterns in the elderly.

PolicyCLOUD: A prototype of a cloud serverless ecosystem for policy analytics

AbstractWe present PolicyCLOUD: a prototype for an extensible serverless cloud-based system that supports evidence-based elaboration and analysis of policies. PolicyCLOUD allows flexible exploitation and management of policy-relevant dataflows, by enabling the practitioner to register datasets and specify a sequence of transformations and/or information extraction through registered ingest functions. Once a possibly transformed dataset has been ingested, additional insights can be retrieved by further applying registered analytic functions to it. PolicyCLOUD was built as an extensible framework toward the creation of an analytic ecosystem. As of now, we have developed several essential ingest and analytic functions that are built-in within the framework. They include data cleaning, enhanced interoperability, and sentiment analysis generic functions; in addition, a trend analysis function is being created as a new built-in function. PolicyCLOUD has also the ability to tap on the analytic capabilities of external tools; we demonstrate this with a social dynamics tool implemented in conjunction with PolicyCLOUD, and describe how this stand-alone tool can be integrated with the PolicyCLOUD platform to enrich it with policy modeling, design and simulation capabilities. Furthermore, PolicyCLOUD is supported by a tailor-made legal and ethical framework derived from privacy/data protection best practices and existing standards at the EU level, which regulates the usage and dissemination of datasets and analytic functions throughout its policy-relevant dataflows. The article describes and evaluates the application of PolicyCLOUD to four families of pilots that cover a wide range of policy scenarios.

A Proposal of a Conceptual Framework for Corporate Governance Research

Objective: This paper aims at presenting and discussing a conceptual framework for corporate governance research. Method: The structure adopted for this framework derives from our analysis of some of the existing conceptual frameworks for corporate governance, which, despite their strengths, still fail to achieve a consensus and establish a shared structure. Originality/Relevance: It is our understanding, therefore, that the original framework proposed in this paper is more structured and comprehensive regarding the current literature than previous frameworks. Results: The proposed framework starts from the classic division between internal and external environment variables and then divides the internal environment into three dimensions: (i) structural (principal-principal relations); (ii) operational (principal-agent relations); and (iii) behavioral (interpersonal relations). All these categories contain extremely relevant discussions and enable researchers to view corporate governance as an integrated whole. Theoretical/Methodological contributions: Under an academic perspective, the proposed framework consolidates the knowledge produced within the field in a structured way and facilitates a harmonious and integrated understanding of its different facets. Social/management contributions: Professionals and regulators can use our framework to have a structured and integrated view of the existing corporate governance mechanisms, assisting their decisions in the elaboration of policies and recommendations.

THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN DEVELOPING ENTREPRENERUAIL ECOSYSTEM AROUND UNIVERSITIES IN THE UK

Research relevance: During the last few decades universities have changed strategies expanding their main mission. They also shift their strategies towards generating third stream income and providing economic effect at regional and national levels as well as impacting society. Within the framework of this research authors showed how the UK government impacted universities to change their mission synchronising it with the needs of economy in order to translate the successful experience for building entrepreneurial ecosystem. To the best of our knowledge similar research have not been done before.&#x0D; Research subject: the UK policy on developing entrepreneurial ecosystem via supporting research commercialisation.&#x0D; Research object: role of the UK government in building entrepreneurial ecosystem around universities via supporting research commercialisation.&#x0D; Research aim: systematisation and analysis of all the initiatives undertaken by UK government to encourage the development of entrepreneurship at the UK universities what might become a basis to develop recommendations for building entrepreneurial ecosystem in countries where it still underdeveloped.&#x0D; Research methodology: description, analysis and synthesis, in-depth interviews, thematic analysis.&#x0D; Research results: authors have systematised the initiatives undertaken by UK government to encourage the development of entrepreneurship at British universities on the stages of the emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystem. This research has analysed all the initial initiatives taken to encourage developing entrepreneurial universities. This allowed authors to develop recommendations to develop entrepreneurial ecosystem in countries where it still underdeveloped.&#x0D; Research results application: research results can be utilised for the elaboration of government policy in education as well as for developing strategic documents for improving the mechanisms for research commercialisation. This research could help countries at the nascent stage of ecosystem development to leverage effectively the UK experience.

The effect of position in the field in the development of public policies: bourdieusian analysis of the Municipal Tourism Council of Juiz de Fora (2011-2020)

This work makes efforts for a theoretical-empirical analysis of public policies of tourism from the sociological theory of the social fields of Pierre Bourdieu. We start from the assumption that agents with a greater volume of capital would be able to interfere, more incisively, in the tourist field, particularly in their public policies, influencing more forcefully what can/should be and ends up being done, in a given context. Empirically, we took as study object the Municipal Council of Tourism of Juiz de Fora (COMTUR), heuristically as an approximation of the tourist field in general, and specifically the process of elaboration of public policies derived from it, in particular in terms of its results (decisions, actions and projects carried out), as a reasonably objective indicator of the operation of this field. A multi-methods approach was used, using different procedures (a) systematic and unsystematic observation of meetings, (b) description and recording of data in a diary note, (c) semi-structured interviews with key actors, (d) analysis of secondary data (minutes of COMTUR meetings from 2011 to 2020, as well as other data and historical records). The study is based on the composition of a cumulative database of observations, which has been constituted over the last decade, being specifically composed in the most part, regarding the study of COMTUR, by two studies, one conducted between 2015 and 2016, which recovered data from 2011 to 2015, and the other, conducted between 2019 and 2020, that compiled data from 2016 to 2020. We seek to identify the relationships between the different agents in the interactive dynamics of this social space, in terms of ideas, discourses and actions, as well as the positions of the agents, particularly the dominant ones, which stand out in relation to the others. We particularly highlight the relationships between proposed-proposals, approved-executed proposals, as well as between both and the volume of capital of the agents, especially the dominant ones, and finally the specific circumstances of each action (proposed and approved). The evidence points towards a direct relationship between the said volume of capital, the degree of participation in the meetings and the tendency to approve and eventual implementation of the proposals made by the agents with the highest volume of capital, who were at the center of the debate. It is concluded that the supposed democratic and "universal" openness in terms of the possibility of action is part of an ilusio of the field, which does not translate necessary, neither directly, in the real manifestation and participation in the field (COMTUR). It is said that the agents with the highest volume of capital tend to be those who, in a way, participate more in the actions and achievements of this sphere and, in this sense, are more likely to guide the local tourist context, as opposed to the actions of other agents in the field, who act as adjuvants. Therefore, any significant change in the field needs to include, in whole, or in part, those dominant agents.

Covid-19 e Doenças Negligenciadas ante as desigualdades no Brasil: uma questão de desenvolvimento sustentável

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has led underdeveloped countries, such as Brazil, to face not only new challenges, but the exacerbation of so many others that have not even been solved. The countless problems resulting from the pandemic affect the population in an unequal way, both with regard to access to care treatment and measures to mitigate contamination. This article starts from the hypothesis that the deep social inequalities in health, associated with political and economic factors that permeate Brazilian society, integrate conditions that could lead to COVID-19 becoming part of the group of Neglected Diseases. Through a non-systematic literature review, it raises the main characteristics related to the clinical aspects and the demands of the Brazilian social protection system, analyzing the points of contact between them, based on the common matrix of social inequalities. It is believed that the possible ways for this hypothesis not to be confirmed will be to invest in the elaboration of public policies with an emphasis on solidarity, human rights, the strengthening of global governance and the ethical action of each person towards sustainable development for the entire planet.

Evaluation of public opinion regarding the changes implemented to encourage bicycle use in the city of São Paulo

Purpose: To identify the main factors that make the population of a large metropolis adhere to the use of bicycles as a option of transportation. Method: Survey with 299 respondents analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression Originality/Relevance: Unpublished study in relation to the inhabitants of the city of São Paulo and that can help in the elaboration of public policies that improve urban mobility. Results: It was possible to identify that the greatest acceptance for the policies occurs by individuals more connected to public services and not with demographic factors. Contributions: Individual factors that explain the propensity to adopt an alternative transportation system were identified.

The Covid-19 pandemic reinforces the need for sustainable health planning.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development highlighted the growing attention to the adequacy of health planning models to sustainable development. A re‐reading of the results of a round table debate on “sustainable planning”, which took place at the 5th National Congress of Tropical Medicine (Portugal, 2019) under a participant observation strategy, framed by the findings of a “synthesis of better evidence” literature review and cross–referenced with the reflections of different authors and experts about the momentum created by the COVID–19 pandemic, underlined the challenges to sustainable health planning that have emerged and are projected beyond the current pandemic context. Variable perceptions of the term “sustainable health development”, leading to the potential loss of their relevance in guiding the elaboration of policies and strategic plans, and the potential higher effectiveness of the participatory approaches of health planning in achieving sustainable health were highlighted in the debate and literature, in general and in public health emergency contexts. Those results gained new relevance during the current COVID–19 pandemic, bringing back to the forefront a reflection of the inadequate planning framework that has usually been used to understand and respond to global health challenges, despite the already existing experience, evidence and support instruments.

RENEWABLE ENERGIES RESOURCES EVALUATION USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN REGION

This manuscript presents an integral evaluation of the use of wind and solar resources in the Colombian Caribbean region. For the use of solar and wind energy sources, spatial restrictions according to topography, natural parks, water reserves, indigenous and sacred reserves were taken into account. In addition, studies of the energy potential of wind and solar radiation were carried out through geostatistical analysis of different points in meteorological stations located in the region. Finally, areas with wind and solar potential were determined using the Geographic Information System for Renewable Energies (SIGER). The results show that the department of Guajira has the highest values of solar brightness (229-240 Month day), while the departments of Valledupar, Cesar, and part of Magdalena decrease in the range of 229 to 207 Month day. In terms of solar radiation, the departments of Guajira and Atlántico showed global solar radiation values of up to 6,015 W/m2. The departments of Cesar, Magdalena, and part of Bolivar showed values close to 5,259 W/m2; while Sucre, and Cordoba showed low solar radiation values of 4,502 W/m2. It is concluded that the departments of Atlántico and Guajira are excellent candidates for solar and wind energy projects due to their characteristics. The results of this manuscript are a fundamental basis for future technical-economic feasibility studies of renewable energy in the Colombian Caribbean region. In addition, it allows the elaboration of energy policies that encourage the execution of this type of study at a real level.Keywords: SIGER, renewable energies, solar energy, wind energy, wind potentialJEL Classification: Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11612

ФАКТОРЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ГОРОЖАН (НА ПРИМЕРЕ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА)

Successful implementation of public transportation reform cannot be achieved without studying transportation behavior of citizens. The results of an empirical analysis of the behavior of St. Petersburg residents presented in this article make it possible to assess what transportation policies will be successful in attracting car users to travel by public transport. The aim of the study was to identify the patterns of transportation behavior in St. Petersburg: attractiveness of various transportation modes, mode choice factors as well as satisfaction with public transport and transportation policies aimed at stimulating the use of public transport. The research methodology includes survey of the population and the analysis of descriptive information from the data obtained. In addition, principal component analysis was applied for travel factors grouping. The results of this study may be used in elaboration of transportation policies aimed at changing transportation behavior of the citizens. The main finding of this study is the relative importance of trip time for public transport in contrast to private car.

Mental health in mine workers: a literature review.

The mining environment is hazardous for worker’s health. It can affect the mental health, triggering symptoms and diseases, such as anxiety, job stress, depression, sleep disorders, mental fatigue and other. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the scientific literature about the mental health in mine workers and to summarize the findings. The method used was scoping review. The principal outcomes were the following: evidence in the last 12 years in the topic was focused in four themes 1) Psychological problems & personal factors (38.2%); 2) Psychosocial problems & health related factor (23.6%); 3) Well-being (21.1%) and 4) Physical problems & organization factors (17.1%). Several affections, symptoms, characteristics or disorders were inquired about mine worker’s mental health, such as job strain, unsafety experiences, poor quality of sleep, non-subjective well-being, job unsatisfaction, social-relations conflict, risk of accidents and injuries, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), substance abuse, dangerous working conditions and demanding job organization, and so on. For those factors, Mining could expose to serious mental health problems to a part of their workers. It’s necessary to deepen the elaboration of international policies and carry out more scientific research and suggestions to make programs on the topic.

HOW TO PREVENT AND ERADICATE THE KULUNA PHENOMENON? A CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIAL WORK AND CITY GOVERNANCE

The kuluna phenomenon is a social pathology having many causal factors in multidimensional systems such as the microsystem and the macrosystem. So the changing process requires first the prevention by elaborating a public policy with a multisector impact. But many times reaction is applied instead of preventing to avoid gangsters among young in the city of Kinshasa by the public managers. In this article, we give some prerequisites for the elaboration of a multisector public policy and the praxis, concerning legal authorities and the Christian social workers through the churches and other Christian social organizations which are called to work in the sense of a contextual mission, and deal with spiritually in addition to the psycho-sociological questions. The findings of this research show evidence in the hyper military environment of Kinshasa city and the Kuluna phenomenon. Demilitarization of the city is imperative.

The institutionality of the policy agenda against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a comparative study between Brazil and Portugal

BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic imposed challenges to researchers and governments in proposing political strategies to contain the transmission chain. Despite being an issue of global impact, the public policy strategies in fighting this pandemic depend on each country. This scenario demands studies to describe and explore these policies' institutionality. In this context, a question raises on how the biggest economies of the Portuguese language, Brazil and Portugal, have conducted the public policy agenda against the pandemic.MethodsA comparative, qualitative, and descriptive study of the public policy agenda setting in Brazil and Portugal to fight against the pandemic was conducted through bibliographic and document research. The theoretical axis adopted was the Institutional Economy and the elaborations and management of public policy, mainly Douglas North, Geoffrey M. Hodgson, and Amatya Sen’s studies.ResultsThe combat against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was translated in a search for urgency analytical theories, elaboration, implementation, and evaluation of public policies in Brazil and Portugal. In both countries, social restriction strategies were adopted such as closing public places, stores, and schools. Also, some economic actions were established to mitigate these restrictions’ impacts, more limited in Brazil as a neoliberal picture of the current government.ConclusionsThe results pointed to differences and similarities in Portuguese and Brazilian agendas, especially with the virus transmission mitigating strategies and the social and economic assistance, being Brazil suffering from the negationism culture that promoted contagion and mortality acceleration.

Принятие решений и адаптация органов исполнительной власти. Пример тихоокеанской политики Б. Обамы

Introduction. In the Barack Obama’s government and administration’s decision-making process related to the Asia-Pacific, the interaction of specific officials, rather than general policy goals, played a determining role. Methods. Using the structural method, the history of everyday life, and adaptology, the author analyzed the hidden sides of decision-making process that influenced the official narrative. Analysis. The analysis is related to interaction with counterparts and behavioural strategies of the president, his administration, the State Department, the Department of Defense and the United States trade representative as the key centers involved in the struggle for policy elaboration. Results. Because of high competition among them and the desire of each center to stand for its position, the decision-making process has acquired several peculiarities. To mark their own position and reduce the influence of their competitors, the agencies developed their own strategies supported by created related concepts and narratives, opened new jobs, concealed their real attitudes towards each other as well as the real meanings of the strategies, and proposed new forms of interaction with non-state actors. To prevent the strengthening of other parts of the process Barack Obama and his advisors developed the concept of rebalance. Hillary Clinton responded with the concept of pivot. The Department of Defense, as these narratives struggled, was forced to side with the president, thereby disguising its true goals. United States trade representative R. Krik avoided the struggle and concentrated on adapting to objective conditions. As a result of the struggle, the Barack Obama’s government and administration have not developed a common regional strategy based on common goals and understanding of the region.

Conceptualizing Core Aspects on Circular Economy in Cities

Currently, there are many different interpretations in the literature of what a circular economy is and how it functions. As cities are still facing challenges to become fully sustainable, the need for a comprehensive analysis of how the circular economy can be implemented in urban areas is increasing. This article aims at outlining circular cities by their key characteristics and to further explore and provide a framework for fostering circularity at the city level. In order to achieve this goal, we performed a systematic review and analyzed key papers published in the field of circular economy to determine how circular economy practices form circular cities. We discovered that cities play a focal role in facilitating the transition towards circularity through the closing of the loops, recirculation, technical innovation, policy elaboration and citizens’ support. However, city policymakers are still uncertain about how a circular city looks like and what its purpose is, as views are ranging from a strategic ambition to a niche concept of a smart city. Such uncertainty brings challenges, especially in the transition phase that many cities are in at the moment. This further implies that circular economy applied at the urban level still needs effort and innovation to successfully pass the transition phase from the linear economy. Therefore, lastly, we developed a framework model that can be adapted in other cities to facilitate their transition to circular cities.

La participación social y ciudadana en México en el contexto actual

&nbsp;For more than three decades, citizen participation has appeared as a key element in the elaboration, implementation, and evaluation of public policies in Mexico. However, on repeated occasions this importance has been much more discursive than real. As part of the theoretical paradigms that have guided the work of government, New Public Management (NPM) and Governance are of fundamental importance. In both perspectives, citizen participation plays a relevant role, but its definition and scope are substantially different; In this text, we analyze the differences involved in choosing one or the other alternative. The conditions of the current context, which combines the health crisis with a form of government that tends to concentrate decisions, creates challenges for citizen participation that we must analyze. The intention is to propose a reflection on the options that lead us to a qualitatively better participation.

Procedure for the elaboration of institutional policies on University social responsibility

It is essential to make knowledge explicit in a clear way so that it can last and be passed on for the benefit of future generations. In reference to the establishment of institutional policies on University Social Responsibility (USR) in the institution under study, there are still areas of opportunity, which is why the objective of this work was established as a clear procedure for creating institutional public policies on USR, which will serve to detect needs and propose appropriate policies that will influence or contribute to the development of the various dimensions of USR in the institution. A mixed type of research was used, gathering information from various bibliographical sources and from teachers from different faculties that allowed to validate that the proposed procedure is correct, the approach was qualitative, and observation and dialectics were used as a research technique. The study was carried out by proposing the procedure derived from documentary research, own experience and discussion with teachers who participated in the exercise of drawing up proposals for institutional public policies using the procedure in question to corroborate its effectiveness. The main result of the work was to establish the procedure for the development of institutional policies on USR with their respective techniques and instruments, which will help to develop institutional policies and contribute to the implementation of USR in the institution under study, and in the medium term, to obtain distinctions from national and international organizations in this area.

Understanding the extent and nature of academia-industry interactions in Rwanda

University-industry collaboration (UIC) is increasingly seen as an important driver of economic growth, but knowledge on its implementation mechanisms is still limited especially in developing countries. This constrains the capacity of those countries to design adequate policies and strategies to foster such interactions. This paper provides information about the extent to which academic staff from Tertiary Education Institutions (TEIs) in Rwanda interact with industry. It identifies the factors underlying their propensity to engage in interactions and the barriers or challenges faced. Data were collected from 334 academic staff permanently employed by 17 Higher Education Institutions in Rwanda. Results indicate a low level of interaction except in some informal channels arguably less inclined to foster relational learning and knowledge creation. Regression analyses indicated that the type of institution and the academic grades are significantly associated with the propensity of academic staff to interact with industry. In addition, four main barriers to interaction are identified and they are all linked to poor support from the government and the universities. Therefore, the study recommends the elaboration of explicit policies and strategies at country and institutional levels to set the stage for such indispensable interactions.

Cooperatives of Mexico: Their Social Benefits and Their Contribution to Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals

Cooperatives are considered an organizational alternative based on principles and values. These organizations seek the fulfillment of social and economic benefits for their members as well as for the community in which they develop. Their nature allows them to solve problems such as social and labor exclusion as well as environmental issues. However, although their benefits to society have been extensively studied, little is known about how these organizations contribute to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of this study is to analyze the way in which the social benefits generated by cooperatives contribute to the fulfillment of the SDGs in Mexico City. This qualitative study uses interviews and thematic analysis to identify and define the different social benefits generated by 134 cooperatives in Mexico City. These benefits were analyzed to identify whether they contribute to the fulfillment of the SDGs. The results stimulate the theoretical and empirical discussion about the role of cooperatives and their contribution to solving current social problems, as established by the United Nations. The article presented is of scientific interest and it is also relevant for the elaboration of public policies aimed at producing better results for these types of organizations.

An adaptive predictive maintenance model for repairable deteriorating systems using inverse Gaussian degradation process

Predictive maintenance is a promising solution to keep the long-run operation of industrial systems at high reliability and low cost. In this spirit, we aim to develop an adaptive predictive maintenance model for continuously deteriorating single-unit systems subject to periodic inspection, imperfect repair and perfect replacement. The development consists of four steps: degradation modeling, maintenance effect modeling, maintenance policy elaboration, and performance evaluation. Compared with existing models, ours differs in three main aspects. Firstly, we take into account the past dependency of maintenance actions in the degradation modeling via the random effect of an inverse Gaussian process. Secondly, we use both the system remaining useful life and maintenance duration to enable dynamic maintenance decision-making. Finally, we take advantage of the semi-regenerative theory to analytically evaluate the long-run cost rate of maintenance policies whose decision variables are of different nature. We validate and illustrate the developed adaptive predictive maintenance model by various numerical experiments. Comparative studies with benchmarks under different maintenance costs and degradation characteristics confirm the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of the model.