Elaboration Of Policies Research Articles

The social budget policy process in Russia at a time of crisis

ABSTRACTThis article examines the process of Russian social budget formation during 2015–2016, a period marked by a significant reduction in state revenues due to changes in Russia’s economic and international environment. Participants in the budget process included the president, prime minister, the financial–economic and social blocs of government, and experts outside the government. An important concern associated with the social sphere was maintaining political popularity. Budget formation in this area occurred via bureaucratic bargaining, with the president intervening only on the most salient issues. Examples of policy elaboration including indexation of major benefits and the freezing of pension contributions are considered.

Políticas públicas e educação sexual: percepções de profissionais da saúde e da educação

Ações de promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde integral voltadas à sexualidade na adolescência são preconizadas por diversas Políticas Públicas, no entanto, para o avanço de ações neste campo, desafios e limites têm sido investigados. Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se identificar, sob a ótica de profissionais inseridos em serviços públicos de Saúde e Educação, os avanços e desafios implicados nas Políticas Públicas vinculadas à adolescência e à Educação Sexual. Tratou-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, no qual 20 profissionais do serviço público de Saúde e Educação de um município de grande porte do interior de São Paulo foram entrevistados. Os resultados de ambos os setores revelaram a percepção de que as Políticas Públicas vinculadas à Educação Sexual e à adolescência trazem contribuições para as práticas, embora apresentem fragilidades. Como contribuições, destacaram-se: os subsídios e o respaldo legais para a execução das práticas. Dentre as fragilidades reveladas têm-se as propostas descontextualizadas, falta de suporte prático e desconhecimento dos profissionais sobre as políticas. As informações apreendidas contribuem para a identificação de potencialidades e lacunas que podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas para a avaliação e elaboração das políticas. Nesta direção, somam-se elementos para a implementação do que está previsto pelas políticas públicas na realidade das práticas de Educação Sexual.

(Development and Restructuring of Employment in Bulgaria)

Russian Abstract: Особенности перехода к рыночной экономике и лет европейской интеграции следует рассматривать в контексте экономических и социальных изменений в болгарском обществе, в частности, реструктуризации занятости и развития рынка труда. Роль государства анализируется в регулировании занятости и рынков труда и развития социальной политики. English Abstract: The peculiarities of the transition to a market economy and in the years of European integration are scrutinized in the context of economic and social changes in Bulgarian society, in particular restructuring of employment and labor market development. The role of state is analyzed in the regulation of employment and labor market and elaboration of social policies.

FDI DETERMINANTS IN THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION COUNTRIES AND EURASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION EFFECT ON FDI INFLOWS

The paper examines the potential determinants of foreign direct investment inflows into the region of Eurasian Economic Union, as well as incentives for investment into other neighboring countries. In the first model, the authors test a hypothesis on country specific foreign direct investment determinants for the Eurasian Economic Union region. The results of fixed effects estimation show that gross domestic product, infrastructure development and secondary education enrollment have a positive statistically significant effect on the foreign direct investment inflows into the region. Conversely, the impact of Customs Union on foreign direct investment appeared to be negative. Furthermore, in the second model of the natural experiment, the authors empirically test the hypothesis on Customs Union’s effect on foreign direct investment while controlling for both country and time effects. The model includes evaluating the impact of the policy change on foreign investment inflows. The natural experiment outcome also points to the negative effect of Eurasian economic integration on foreign direct investment inflows. Although the countries of Eurasian Economic Union have relatively business friendly regulations, such procedures as enforcing contracts, resolving insolvencies and dealing with construction permits are time-consuming. For attracting foreign investment, it is advisable to facilitate such procedures and make the process of setting up a new business less onerous. The research can be used as an outline for further examining of Eurasian economic integration and apart from that, the study results can be applied for practical purposes of policy elaboration aimed at stimulating foreign direct investment into the Eurasian Economic Union.

La ciberdefensa y su regulación legal en Argentina (2006-2015)/ The ciberdefense and its legal regulation in Argentina (2006-2015)

En el artículo se analiza qué lugar ocupa y cómo se desarrolló la ciberdefensa dentro del sistema de defensa de la República Argentina. Para ello, se relevan y analizan las normas que se han producido sobre la temática durante el período 2006 – 2015. El estudio permite observar que dos instituciones han sido las más activas: por un lado, se destacan las regulaciones del Ministerio de Defensa y, por el otro, las regulaciones de la Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros. La investigación tiene una doble finalidad. En primer lugar, favorecer un mayor nivel de sistematicidad legislativa en materia de ciberdefensa. En segundo lugar, producir información sustantiva para la elaboración de políticas públicas y actividades regionales de colaboración. El artículo es parte de una investigación mayor abocada al análisis de las diferentes formas de regular el ciberespacio.ABSTRACTThe article analyzes the place and how cyberdefense was developed within the defense system of República Argentina. To this end, the norms that have been produced on the subject during 2006 - 2015 are relieved and analyzed. The study shows that two institutions have been the most active: on one hand, stand out the regulations of the Ministerio de Defensa, and, on the other, the regulations of the Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros. The research has a double purpose. Firstly, to favor a greater level of legislative systemacyin cyberdefense. Second, to produce substantive information for the elaboration of public policies and regional collaboration activities. The article is part of a larger investigation focused on the analysis of the different ways of regulating cyberspace.

Changes in Smoking Behavior over Family Transitions: Evidence for Anticipation and Adaptation Effects.

The study of changes in smoking behaviors over the life course is a promising line of research. This paper aims to analyze the temporal relation between family transitions (partnership formation, first childbirth, separation) and changes in smoking initiation and cessation. We propose a discrete-time logistic model to explore the timing of changes in terms of leads and lags effects up to three years around the event in order to measure both anticipation and adaptation mechanisms. Retrospective biographical data from the Santé et Itinéraires Professionnels (SIP) survey conducted in France in 2006 are used. Partnership formation was followed for both genders by a fall in smoking initiation and an immediate rise in smoking cessation. Childbirth was associated with increased smoking cessation immediately around childbirth, and additionally, females showed an anticipatory increase in smoking cessation up to two years before childbirth. Couple separation was accompanied by an anticipatory increase in smoking initiation for females up to two years prior to the separation, but this effect only occurred in males during separation. Our findings highlight opportunities for more targeted interventions over the life course to reduce smoking, and therefore have relevance for general practitioners and public policy elaboration.

Health care research within international normative frameworks and the literature: assessment, stakes and recommendations

Research in health occupies a central place in the elaboration of public policies and the interventions that aim to reduce inequality and make the right to health effective. However, research in health remains marked by inequalities which particularly affect developing countries. The objective of this critical recension of the international normative frameworks and the scientific literature is to present a summary of the assessment, underline the challenges and identify the main recommendations as well as the ethical principles that aim to reduce inequalities in the field of health research. The normative frameworks included in this recension have been adopted by the United Nations Organisation through its agencies specialised in the field of health and scientific research. Particular attention has also been given to the scientific literature concerned with the inequalities in health research. The results of this recension show us that inequalities in health research can be an impediment to the equitable distribution of healthcare services and to human development. With regard to this, these inequalities raise concerns about justice and equity for research institutions, researchers and communities in developing countries. The recommendations and ethical principles analysed here are therefore designed to reduce them and to promote access for developing countries to research and the consequent benefits. Finally, this recension emphasises the need to undertake research to understand the role of research practices in countries of the South in the emergence and persistence of these inequalities.

Between cooperation and competitive bargaining: the Council of Europe, local and regional networking, and the shaping of the European Community’s regional policies, 1970s–90s

:In many ways, the Council of Europe paved the way for European Community (EC) action in local and regional affairs. It was the first European organisation to establish a conference of local and regional authorities in 1957, in which local actors and associations were represented and tried to influence the shaping of European regional policies. This article analyses the links between the Council of Europe and the EC in the development of regional policies from the 1970s to the 1990s by focusing on three transmission vectors: through institutional cooperation between the two European organisations; through competitive bargaining among local and regional groups; and through intensive lobbying at EC level. It argues that the transfer of ideas was not so much achieved through cooperation between the organisations’ experts or political committees but rather by means of transregional networking promoting the idea that local and regional authorities had to be associated with the elaboration and implementation of European regional policy. From 1988, these networks shifted their attention away from the Council of Europe towards the EC because of the possibility to receive direct funding from the European Commission.

FOCAL GROUP: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT IN RESEARCH IN EDUCATION

The study presented here presents results of a research carried out in the Master of Education of the University of Pernambuco, whose main objective was to identify ways of experiencing interdisciplinarity in the pedagogical practices of the initial years of Elementary Education. The present clipping evidences the Focus Group (GF) as a technique for data collection in education research. The study was anchored in Crusoe's ideas (2014); Flick (2002); Gatti (2005); Kitzinger (2000); Lenoir (2008); Moreira (2002); Morgan (1997); Pombo (2005) Silva (2009); Thiollet (2011); Veiga & Gondim, (2001), among others. This research was guided by the qualitative approach of research and used as the main instrument for data collection the technique of focal group that for its execution counted on the participation of the moderator, observer, four teachers of the initial years of Elementary Education, two Supervisors of education and a technique of the Municipal Secretary of Education of the city of Nazare da Mata, Zona da Mata Norte in the state of Pernambuco-Brazil. Data were analyzed using the content analysis technique, Bardin (2011), in an analytic-descriptive perspective. Reflexivity and partnership were categories of analysis, which are the main categories of interdisciplinary thinking. (Silva, 2009). The results of this research allowed us to conclude that the Focus Group technique in this study provided moments of deep reflection about interdisciplinarity and allowed the investigated teachers to understand that the forms with which they experience interdisciplinarity are at the first level of the relationship between the Knowledge, and multidisciplinary, this construction being linked to intersubjective and formative aspects, although the presence of two epistemic categories of interdisciplinary thinking, reflexivity and partnership were identified in the course of the discussions of the sessions with the group. It is also concluded that it is necessary to change the attitude of these teachers, which should be stimulated through the continuous training that should be linked to the elaboration of training policies by the Municipal Education Secretariat that allow a critical reflection on the pedagogical what to do In the direction of a permanent self-criticism that favors a teacher-making also based on the social dimension of interdisciplinarity.

Permanência na Educação Superior a distância

The topic of student retention in higher education is challenging, in face-to-face as well as distance modalities. The pursuit of indicators and instruments that lead to an understanding of what makes students stay in education is a challenge. Using the work of Spady (1971), Pascarella (1985), Ethington (1990), Tinto (1997), Garcia Aretio (2002), Tinto & Pusser (2006) e Cabrera et al. (2006) as a theoretical foundation, a quasi-quantitative study was carried out to study the most relevant variables for retention in distance education. To that end, two factors were taken into consideration, namely: student dedication and program quality. As a result of this study, the indicators considered by the students to be the most relevant for their staying in the program were identified. This work aids the elaboration of projects and policies that contemplate aspects that help mitigate dropout in higher education, a serious problemwith a high social cost.

FARMÁCIA CLÍNICA EM AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR: ENFOQUE NO REGISTRO DAS ATIVIDADES

Background: The analysis of the pharmacological therapy, the inter-professional performance and the use of research tools are contributions of the pharmacist in the support of patient and the care team. Documenting care-related professional activities is critical to the continuity of care process. Objective: To check the pharmacist’s perception and practice regarding the documentation of clinical activities. Methods: Cross-sectional study with pharmacists of a hospital in Porto Alegre based on the application of a questionnaire in electronic format with questions related pharmacist’s profile (gender, age, formation), acting in clinical pharmacy (practice) and recording information in the medical record (knowing, practice and importance), between September and October 2016. Descriptive analysis of quantitative data was performed. Qualitative data were analyzed by categorization of central idea and frequency according the discourse of the collective subject. Results: Out of the 27 professionals, who made up a sample, were possible contacts 26.73% of the invited pharmacists participated in the study. A profile of young pharmacists (24 to 35 years old), mostly female (94.74%), with recent college conclusion (01 month to 12 years) and in a private institution (83.16%) was observed. Most of these pharmacists (57.89%) work in more than one sector (internal, satellites and central pharmacies). Conclusions: Pharmacists of this institution recognize the importance and necessity of doing the documentation of their clinical activities. However, not doing this documentation occurs due to practical inexperience, overload of activities, elaboration of institutional policies and the need for training of these professionals.

The Aranãs in mid-Jequitinhonha: socioeconomic, demographic and sanitary aspects of a landless indigenous population

The lack of epidemiological and environmental data on Brazilian indigenous populations is a challenge for the elaboration of public policy. This lack of data is more acute for "landless" indigenous groups. From this perspective, it was considered relevant to describe the Aranã, a landless indigenous group living in Minas Gerais, focusing on the demographic, socioeconomic and sanitary dimensions. A household survey was conducted. The data collected were analyzed and compared with those from other national ethnic groups. The results revealed similarities between these findings and those from the 2010 Census related to the native indigenous population, especially those not living on indigenous lands or reservations. Asymmetric results were identified within the households, mainly sanitary disparities, which suggested a relation with the location. This result indicates the need for priority intervention for the Aranã living in rural areas, bringing to light the age-old discussion about rural and urban disparities. In addition, we suggest that the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), responsible for the 2010 census, should refine its assessment methods concerning landless indigenous groups.

Informando decisões e políticas: o sistema nacional de informação agrícola do Uruguai

Os sistemas de produção agrícola enfrentam o desafio de alcançar a intensificação sustentável, ou seja, aumentar a produtividade sem afetar o ambiente de uma forma que possa comprometer o desenvolvimento das gerações futuras. Em muitos países em desenvolvimento a disponibilidade de informações para auxiliar os interessados, tanto os agentes públicos quanto os privados, para atingir esse objetivo, muitas vezes, não é uma limitação crítica. Levar as informações relevantes de institutos de pesquisa para os agentes de extensão, agricultores, agroindústrias e formuladores de política tem sido uma limitação mais frequente. Novos enfoques, ferramentas e sistemas de informação são necessários para efetivamente incorporar o conhecimento gerado nos sistemas de pesquisa em decisões reais e na elaboração de políticas públicas. Estas novas abordagens e ferramentas devem levara em consideração, entender e mapear as redes de conhecimento existentes, através das quais a informação flui e atinge os agentes públicos e privados. Os novos sistemas devem incorporar os avanços científicos e tecnológicos alcançados nas diferentes disciplinas e gerar conhecimento integrado para efetivamente auxiliar políticas e decisões reais. Este artigo descreve o processo que levou ao estabelecimento de um sistema de informação de apoio à tomada de decisão no Uruguai (SNIA) que está sendo liderado pelo IRI em colaboração com INIA e o Ministério da Agricultura. O artigo discute a abordagem geral e os objetivos que o IRI e seus parceiros estão usando para estabelecer o SNIA e introduz algumas das suas características, componentes e recursos. Por último, o artigo apresenta exemplos de informações, produtos e ferramentas que estão sendo incluídas no SNIA.

Steering Dynamics in the Dutch Education System

Based on detailed empirical analyses, we paint a layered picture of emerging steering dynamics. Inspired by Foucault, we put the focus on roles stakeholders define both for themselves and others, how they give sense to policy, how they work together in policy elaboration and implementation, and the subtle and sometimes deceitful function of soft policy instruments such as information, communication, support and research. The policy to stimulate ‘schools as learning organisations' in secondary education in the Netherlands is used as a case study. The Dutch education system is one of the most decentralised en complex systems in the world. While central Government aims to turn schools into learning organisations, it has no formal responsibility nor any direct means of control in this area.The study draws information from (1) relevant government reports, policy documents and websites and (2) semi‐structured interviews with key actors. Data analysis consisted of data reduction through coding and memoing, data displays in tables and networks, and drawing and verifying conclusions.In the ground layer of the steering picture, we reconstruct how ‘schools as learning organisations' came to be a topic for Government policy. The next layer identifies 20 (networks of) actors who play a substantial role in steering. The mutual relationships between the main actors are manifold, while funding appears to be an important means for the Ministry to position actors in a steering network. A wide array of steering modes was identified. The last step in our analysis adds a dynamic element to the picture, as we look at how different actors interact, starting with how actors envision their own steering roles and the role of others. The non‐complementary role definitions that were identified in the documents, were confirmed in the interviews. Our results illustrate, in Foucault's terminology, different processes of responsibilisation and normalisation. Above all, the study illustrates that the theoretical framework provides a promising starting point for the empirical study of steering dynamics in complex education systems.

(Development and Restructuring of Employment in Bulgaria)

Bulgarian Abstract: Специфичните особености на прехода към пазарна икономика и в годините на европейската интеграция се разглеждат в контекста на икономическите и социални промени в българското общество, по-специално преструктурирането на заетостта и развитието на пазара на труда. Ролята на държавата се анализира в регулирането на заетостта и пазара на труда и разработването на социални политики. English Abstract: The peculiarities of the transition to a market economy and in the years of European integration are scrutinized in the context of economic and social changes in Bulgarian society, in particular restructuring of employment and labor market development. The role of state is analyzed in the regulation of employment and labor market and elaboration of social policies.

Protezione dei dati personali e riproduzione digitale dei documenti archivistici

The digital reproduction of archival records involves different rights as the right of scientific reseaech, the right of free expression of thought but also the right to privacy. These rights must be carefully balanced. The relationship between them is analyzed in legal terms, under Italian legislation, and in technological terms, just about the use of the technologies of the digital reproduction of documents, with particular attention to the concepts of communication and dissemination of personal data. The paper shows that the existing regulation framework fully meets the needs of protection of privacy, including in relation to technological changes taking place. Finally it proposes strengthening instruments like the statement of informed consent and the elaboration of specific policies to ensure the highest possible protection.

Estimating drought risk across Europe from reported drought impacts, drought indices, and vulnerability factors

Abstract. Drought is one of the most costly natural hazards in Europe. Due to its complexity, drought risk, meant as the combination of the natural hazard and societal vulnerability, is difficult to define and challenging to detect and predict, as the impacts of drought are very diverse, covering the breadth of socioeconomic and environmental systems. Pan-European maps of drought risk could inform the elaboration of guidelines and policies to address its documented severity and impact across borders. This work tests the capability of commonly applied drought indices and vulnerability factors to predict annual drought impact occurrence for different sectors and macro regions in Europe and combines information on past drought impacts, drought indices, and vulnerability factors into estimates of drought risk at the pan-European scale. This hybrid approach bridges the gap between traditional vulnerability assessment and probabilistic impact prediction in a statistical modelling framework. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to predict the likelihood of impact occurrence on an annual basis for particular impact categories and European macro regions. The results indicate sector- and macro-region-specific sensitivities of drought indices, with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for a 12-month accumulation period as the overall best hazard predictor. Vulnerability factors have only limited ability to predict drought impacts as single predictors, with information about land use and water resources being the best vulnerability-based predictors. The application of the hybrid approach revealed strong regional and sector-specific differences in drought risk across Europe. The majority of the best predictor combinations rely on a combination of SPEI for shorter and longer accumulation periods, and a combination of information on land use and water resources. The added value of integrating regional vulnerability information with drought risk prediction could be proven. Thus, the study contributes to the overall understanding of drivers of drought impacts, appropriateness of drought indices selection for specific applications, and drought risk assessment.

Εργασιακές σχέσεις στην Ελλάδα: Μεταξύ “συγκεντρωτισμού” και “αποκέντρωσης”

<p>In recent years, due to EU recommendations and restrictions, as well as to the predominance of a more consensus climate within the industrial relations field, one can observe the establishment of different types of social concertation, taking mainly the form of the so-called “Social Pacts”. In this article we will try to examine the case of Greece in order to understand whether we can talk about a new form of concertation or not, when taking into consideration the evolutions in the collective bargaining and social dialogue area, or in a broader sense the developments regarding workers participation in the elaboration of socioeconomic policy.</p>

The EU’s Transformative Power Challenged in Ukraine

Moving from the analysis of the EU’s actions in the Ukrainian crisis, this article aims at opening a reflection on certain traditional taxonomies such as civilian, normative and transformative power that have shaped the debate on both the EU ontology and its external manifestation.1 While the peculiarity of the development of European integration might have quite spontaneously produced a normative power, on the external front the application of this power requires a political drive. The recent policies – ENP, EaP – promulgated to stabilize and restructure the EU’s neighbourhood through the diffusion of norms have undoubtedly geopolitical implications. It is not yet clear whether these policies are simply replicating the enlargement rationale (although not contemplating membership), or, rather, they are part of a power politics project dissimulated under a normative veil. The EU responded to Russia’s aggressiveness in an ‘unreflective’ way, a procession of ‘patterned actions’ with limited efficacy. The EU’s performance in Ukraine reveals both a lack of analytical capacity in the elaboration of policies directed to the neighbourhood and of tactical planning for facing up to the consequences of those policies.

A contribuição da Ciência da Informação para a Gestão do Conhecimento: um estudo teórico e prático

Objetivo. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o processo de gestão do conhecimento na empresa Cerâmica Salema, na perspectiva da Ciência da Informação. Método. Revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa aplicada, exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa; pesquisa de campo, cujo instrumento utilizado foi um questionário misto, aplicado com o dirigente do nível estratégico, gestores do nível intermediário e demais colaboradores do nível operacional (setores administrativo e de produção industrial). Resultados. A análise de conteúdo dos dados coletados possibilitou identificar as práticas e lacunas existentes em cada etapa do processo em gestão do conhecimento, com base no modelo de processo em GC representado por Bergeron (2003). Conclusões. Os resultados deste estudo são capazes de subsidiar a elaboração de políticas e estratégias para a implantação de um Programa de Gestão do Conhecimento na empresa Cerâmica Salema.