Effects Of Cultural Values Research Articles

The Effects of Cultural Values on Word-of-Mouth Marketing in Health Services

The Effects of Cultural Values on Word-of-Mouth Marketing in Health Services

Effects of Cultural Values, Social Activities, and Media use of the Elderly on Psychological Stability and Depression

Effects of Cultural Values, Social Activities, and Media use of the Elderly on Psychological Stability and Depression

A configurational approach for analyzing cultural values and performance in Global Virtual Teams

Although there have been decades of research on the effect of cultural values on team effectiveness outcomes, knowledge of the interdependencies of team cultural values for explaining team performance remains nascent. Using a configurational qualitative approach, this study explores how cultural values combine and collectively contribute to the effectiveness of Global Virtual Teams (GVTs). We perform a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis on a data set of 1847 individuals nested within 396 GVTs who participated in an international business consulting project. The results demonstrate that cultural values work together to achieve high levels of team performance rather than function independently. The results also show that different cultural value configurations could be equally effective at producing the same outcome, and that the presence of gender egalitarianism and the absence of power distance are the most important for producing the outcome. We discuss implications for practice and future research.

Male Pre-School Principals’ Experiences on Glass Escalator

The glass escalator is a metaphor used to describe how men in feminized workplaces move up career ladders, and this study aims to determine the experiences of male pre-school principals and the possible effects of cultural values on the results of the glass escalator through the ranks because of gender norms and job expectations. In this context, meetings are held with four school principals, working in Kocaeli and in pre-school education institutions. As an interpretive approach, phenomenology is used in the study. The criterion sampling method and the snowball sampling method, which are among the purposeful sampling methods, are used together in forming the working group. Research findings are discussed in terms of individual and cultural factors. The former is mainly related to the preferences of male principals, who tend to see working in pre-school institutions as an opportunity for promotion. This perspective is discussed from the standpoint of ‘visibility’, which emerges as an advantageous feature for men but not for women. Cultural factors, on the other hand, are related to culturally-influenced beliefs regarding male and female roles. Because management is seen as a male occupation, female teachers also prefer and support male principals.

Impact of Technology on Organizational Culture and Human Diversity in Pakistan

Technology commands our life in a substantial manner. It has totally altered the way we communicate and process the information. Day by day improvements in technology have totally removed the borders that kept people of different areas apart as actually these boundaries don’t occur on the worldwide web. In this period of technology, Internet plays an active part in almost every field of life. Through advanced technology, users can interconnect with each other by using diverse platforms. When technology is solution of one problem it is also on the other hand causes of other problems. The corona virus quarantine, which compelled millions of people to work from home, has also accelerated the use of online communication technologies, resulting in even less human interaction than previously. Cyber bullying is now possible because of technological advancements, and youngsters are especially vulnerable to online harassment. There is a strong bond between organizational culture and technology. Organizational cultural can be defined as the common perception held by the organization’s members in a system of shared meaning. The dominant culture in an organization being the core values that are shared by a majority of the organization’s members. Culture is so essential for a technology organization as it defines the clear-cut boundaries present between one organization and others. In this paper we would like to compare the cultural values of the technology industry to culture values of another industry and we will observe the comparison, the effect of cultural values and the amount of users of different technologies in Pakistan.

Culture and innovation: a human emancipation perspective

PurposeThis study aims at offering a comprehensive thesis about the relationship between different cultural values and innovativeness.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on the human emancipation perspective and using data from Hofstede’s, Schwartz’s, and Inglehart’s cultural frameworks, the authors conduct a cross-national investigation into the effects of cultural values on national innovativeness.FindingsThe analyses show that emancipatory cultural dimensions such as rationality, secularity, self-expression, individualism, low uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, mastery and autonomy have significantly positive associations with national innovativeness. The opposing cultural values, such as traditionalism, religiosity, survival, collectivism, high uncertainty avoidance, short-term orientation, harmony and conservatism, have negative associations with national innovativeness.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by putting forward a comprehensive and theory-driven explanation of the relationship between cultural values and innovativeness, by using all of Hofstede’s, Schwartz’s and Inglehart’s dimensions, by incorporating ethnic, linguistic and religious diversities and by applying alternative measures of the national innovativeness.

Cultural patterns of evasive answer bias in surveys

Complete and accurate survey data are key input for research, policy, and decision making in many disciplines. However, survey respondents do not always fully cooperate, such that they skip some items or overuse the “don’t know” answer option. Evasive answer bias reflects different information than overall survey response rates, leading to item missing data and causing substantial inaccuracies in survey results. Using data from the World Values Survey, this article identifies the magnitude of the problem, then relies on individual data and country-level cultural values to derive patterns of and reasons for this evasive answer bias. While skipping answers happens less often in collectivistic and low power distance cultures, the choice of the “don’t know” option is not significantly influenced by any cultural dimension. Across countries, the effect of cultural values is stronger for female than for male respondents. Accordingly, cross-cultural researchers are advised to use advanced imputation rather than deletion methods for handling missing data.

The effect of cultural values and institutional trust on public perceptions of government use of network surveillance

Previous studies indicate that attitudes toward implementing government surveillance systems to collect personal information are affected by privacy concerns, perceived impacts and need, effectiveness of the system, and transparency in the process. Few studies examine how orientations toward individualism and collectivism might affect attitudes and the extent to which trust in institutions moderates attitudes. This study posits and tests an explanatory model to investigate the extent to which institutional trust and cultural values of individualism and collectivism affect support for surveillance systems. The results, based upon a U.S. nationwide survey, show that individualism and collectivism intensify concerns about personal privacy and social justice. Further, institutional trust not only has a positive effect on perceived social justice, but moderates views consistent with surveillance and further enhances support for using surveillance. Implications of the findings are reviewed with respect to understanding public support for government use of network surveillance.

A cross-cultural study of the proximity of clothing to self between millennial women in South Korea and Mongolia

As a part of material culture, clothing embodies the cultural specificity based on the influence of that culture on individuals. The cultural value model of Hofstede broadly describes the dimensional characteristics of each country. At the same time, the proximity of clothing to a self-scale represents the level of psychological closeness of clothing to identity. Even though it is theoretically correct that these two concepts—culture and clothing that expresses one’s self—are related, few studies have highlighted this connection. In this study, we investigated the effect of cultural values on how the individuals involve their clothing with their social identity by focussing on the differences between two culturally different countries: South Korea and Mongolia. Quantitative surveys from 179 in South Korea and 262 in Mongolia and t-tests showed cultural differences in both countries’ individualism and indulgence vs their restrained disposition. The multiple regression analysis results revealed that uncertainty avoidance and indulgence correlate with three dimensions in the proximity of clothing to self: clothing to self as structure, clothing as a response to others’ judgements, and clothing-related to self-esteem. The moderating effect of each country was not found. This result implies that knowing the cultural values of a particular group can infer their clothing consciousness. Thus, when fashion companies target millennial women in South Korea and Mongolia and establish a more significant presence abroad, examining a country’s or a group’s culture helps identify the target market's clothing perceptions.

The effect of cultural values on the strength of the relationship between interpersonal and organizational workplace deviance

Business research has generated an incomplete understanding of how the strength of the relationship between interpersonal and organizational workplace deviance varies across contexts. In this study, I explain that inconsistent results likely exist across study contexts due to country-level differences in cultural values that alter the strength of the relationship between interpersonal and organizational deviance. I use social exchange theory to explain why interpersonal and organizational deviance are distinct. Then, I use institutional anomie theory to explain that country-level social institutions alter the strength of the relationship between interpersonal and organizational deviance. Finally, I aggregate findings from 133 independent samples of primary data (k = 133, N = 34,746) so I can use meta-analysis to examine cultural values as moderators of this relationship. My findings demonstrate that cultural values provide a powerful explanation for how the strength of the relationship between interpersonal and organizational deviance differs so substantially across contexts.

Cultural values, national personality characteristics, and intelligence as correlates of corruption: A nation level analysis

Research on national corruption has primarily focused on economics and politics, whereas cultural factors and especially national personality characteristics have attracted less attention. In the present study, the influence of Hofstede's cultural dimensions, Schwartz's values, Eysenckian personality factors (EPQ), and national intelligent quotient (IQ) on Corruption Perception Index (CPI) scores were studied by using aggregated data from 64 countries and ecological design, i.e., correlations, partial correlations, multiple regression analyses, and mediation and moderation analyses. The sub-datasets included 35 countries for the EPQ, 46 countries for the Hofstede cultural values, 30 countries for the Schwartz value dimensions, and all 64 countries for the IQ. Both partial correlations and regression analyses in which GDP per capita was controlled emphasized the importance of national income in corruption so that high income was negatively related to CPI scores. Regression analysis results showed that the EPQ Lie scores, Hofstede's power distance, and masculinity, as well as Schwartz's hierarchy, mastery, and harmony, were positively, and individualism and intelligence negatively related to corruption. The mediation analyses showed that the effects of cultural values on corruption were mostly mediated by income (GDP per capita). Hence, the national culture influences the national income level, which, in turn, is related to corruption. The effect of individualism on corruption was moderated by income so that individualism was negatively related to corruption in countries with lower income. The results suggest that cultural factors should be considered in corruption studies and anti-corruption policies. Without taking into account the national cultural values, anti-corruption policies might not be perceived well by the public, compromising the effects of the interventions.

Türk Çalışanların Kültürel Değerlerinin Kariyer Değerlerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Based on the question of whether the cultural values of individuals have a role in the building of career values, the current study aims to examine the possible effects of cultural values (power distance, collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance) of Turkish employees on their career values. Accordingly, a quantitative research was designed on employees in different sectors in Kocaeli and Sakarya provinces. The sample of the study consists of 274 employees. Findings indicate that cultural values have partial effects on employees’ career values. Each finding was discussed in the context of the relevant literature, and the study was concluded by presenting the theoretical and practical implications and future research suggestions. The study is expected to contribute to the culture and career literature.

A cross-cultural study on the influence of cultural values and teacher beliefs on university teachers’ information and communications technology acceptance

This study examined how cultural values and teacher beliefs influence Chinese and Spanish university teachers’ acceptance of ICTs by combining Hofstede’s cultural values theory with technology acceptance theories. Four hundred and twenty-five university teachers from China and 385 teachers from Spain participated in the study. The proposed research model was tested by using samples from both countries and the multigroup analyses were performed to test moderating effects of cultural variables. Results confirmed the validity of the model in both samples and the effects of cultural values on the adoption of ICTs, and significant differences were observed between the two samples.

Cultural Values, National Personality Characteristics, and Intelligence as Correlates of Corruption: A Nation Level Analysis

Research on national corruption has mostly focused on economics and politics of corruption, whereas cultural factors and especially national personality characteristics have attracted less attention. In the present study, the influence of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, Schwartz’s values, Eysenckian personality factors, and national IQ on Corruption Perception Index scores were studied by using aggregated data. Regression analysis results showed that EPQ Lie scores, Hofstede's power distance, and masculinity, as well as Schwartz's hierarchy, mastery, and harmony, were positively, and individualism and intelligence negatively related to corruption. The effects of cultural values on corruption were mostly mediated by income. The effect of individualism on corruption was moderated by income so that individualism was negatively related to corruption in countries with lower income. The results suggest that cultural factors should be taken into account in corruption studies and anti-corruption policies.

Can we anti‐consume our way to sustainability? Finding answers at the intersection of cultural values

AbstractAnti‐consumption behaviours are frequently seen as an effective way for an individual to mitigate harm done to the natural world and foster sustainability. Despite explicit calls to investigate the drivers of anti‐consumption behaviours, the effect of cultural values on anti‐consumption remains under‐researched. Our research examines the influence of two antecedents, cultural values (individualism and collectivism), and self‐efficacy on anti‐consumption behaviours in an emerging country setting. Our results indicate that cultural values influence anti‐consumption behaviours. Consistent with our expectations, we found that collectivistic values positively influenced anti‐consumption behaviours. This relationship remained valid across anti‐consumption behaviours, such as voluntary simplicity and brand avoidance. Furthermore, beyond our initial expectation, this study demonstrated a positive indirect relationship between individualism and anti‐consumption, which is activated through the self‐efficacy pathway. These findings suggest that approaches for managing anti‐consumption behaviour do not work equally well in all cultures, and that managers may need to fine‐tune their international marketing strategies to ensure their effectiveness.

Perceived Social Support and Help-seeking among U.S. Chinese Older Adults with Elder Mistreatment

Background/Purpose: Older immigrants are at risk of experiencing marginalization and social exclusion. Traditional Chinese culture values could deeply influence the older Chinese immigrants’ perceptions regarding mistreatment and motivating them to seek help. This study aimed to examine the associations between perceived social support and informal/formal help-seeking intentions and behaviors among U.S. Chinese older adults experiencing elder mistreatment. Methods: Data derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Independent variables were positive and negative perceived social support. Dependent variables were informal/formal help-seeking intentions and behaviors. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 423 participants experienced elder mistreatment (mean age: 72.4 ±7.88 years old). The most common informal help-seeking sources were adult children, followed by partner, and friends/neighbors/colleagues. The most common sources of formal help-seeking were community social services organizations and the legal criminal justice system. After controlling for covariates, positive perceived social support was associated with informal help-seeking intentions (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.24, p < .01) and behaviors (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.22, p < .01). However, the associations between perceived social support and formal help-seeking intentions and behaviors were not significant. Conclusions & Implications: Further research is needed to examine the mediating effects of cultural values on the relationship between perceived social support and help-seeking among mistreated older Chinese immigrants. In addition, additional studies are needed to identify impede or facilitate factors of informal/formal elder mistreatment help-seeking. Prevention and intervention programs should incorporate valuable cultural insight to improve help-seeking among this population.

The effect of cultural values on the formation of the urban landscape of Yasouj

The effect of cultural values on the formation of the urban landscape of Yasouj

Switching analytical mindsets: A person-centered approach to the analysis of cultural values

Traditional value-centered approaches to the analysis of cultural variations have failed to capture group similarities across and beyond national boundaries, partly due to their reliance on variable-centered approaches that examine each cultural value in isolation, thereby ignoring the synergistic effects of cultural values. To fill this gap, we introduce a person-centered approach that allows us to identify subgroups of individuals who share a common configuration, or profile, of cultural values. We apply this approach to a multi-country sample and identify multiple distinct cultural groups within and across countries. We find that while some profiles are unique to a particular country, others cut across countries, representing hitherto unacknowledged patterns of cultural commonalities and differences.

Cultural Values on Continuous Improvement in Private Schools in Kuwait

This study aimed to identify the impact of cultural values on continuous improvement in Kuwaiti private schools. The study was applied over a convenient sample amounting 100 administrators.&#x0D; &#x0D; The study concluded that there is an effect of cultural values on continuous improvement in private schools in Kuwait. The researcher recommends that there is a need to train employees in private schools to practice cultural values that contribute to continuous improvement, In addition to focus on enhancing work spirit within one team between teachers and school personnel, and to focus on enhancing cultural values prevailing in Kuwaiti society among school students.

The default mode network in self- and other-referential processing: effect of cultural values

Growing evidence shows culture-related differences in brain activity during self- and other-referential tasks. However, the effect of individual endorsement of cultural values on connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), the primary network associated with self-referential processing, during self- and other-referential tasks is virtually unexplored. We used self-report questionnaires to measure independent and interdependent self-construal and investigated the effect of cultural values on DMN functional connectivity during self and other trait adjective judgment task. The observed associations show that the endorsement of individualist values predisposes to a greater DMN involvement during self-processing and to its lesser involvement during close-other-processing, whereas the endorsement of collectivist values predisposes to a less active DMN engagement in self-processing and to its greater engagement in other-processing. This is in line with the notion that DMN is not specialized for self-processing, but rather is involved in more general cognitive processing related to social cognition and the degree of its involvement in self- versus other-processing is moderated by cultural value system.