Effects Of Cultural Values Research Articles

Modelling the effect of national culture on countries’ innovation performances: A conditional full frontier approach

This paper provides empirical evidence of the link between countries’ cultural factors and innovation performance. By defining innovation process in a knowledge production framework it uses conditional and unconditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models together with data from the European Innovation Scoreboard for the year 2007 and Hofstede’s cultural indexes. In this way it models and measures the effect of cultural values on 25 European countries’ innovation efficiency levels. The empirical results reveal that national culture can impact countries’ innovation performance. Specifically, we find significant negative effects on countries’ innovation efficiency levels for countries with higher power distance and uncertainty avoidance values.

Cultural Values and Performance Appraisal: Assessing the Effects of Rater Self-Construal on Performance Ratings

ABSTRACT Much of the prior research investigating the influence of cultural values on performance ratings has focused either on conducting cross-national comparisons among raters or using cultural level individualism/collectivism scales to measure the effects of cultural values on performance ratings. Recent research has shown that there is considerable within country variation in cultural values, i.e. people in one country can be more individualistic or collectivistic in nature. Taking the latter perspective, the present study used Markus and Kitayama's (1991) conceptualization of independent and interdependent self-construals as measures of individual variations in cultural values to investigate within culture variations in performance ratings. Results suggest that rater self-construal has a significant influence on overall performance evaluations; specifically, raters with a highly interdependent self-construal tend to show a preference for interdependent ratees, whereas raters high on independent self-construal do not show a preference for specific type of ratees when making overall performance evaluations. Although rater self-construal significantly influenced overall performance evaluations, no such effects were observed for specific dimension ratings. Implications of these results for performance appraisal research and practice are discussed.

Lost in translation? The effect of cultural values on mergers around the world

We find strong evidence that three key dimensions of national culture (trust, hierarchy, and individualism) affect merger volume and synergy gains. The volume of cross-border mergers is lower when countries are more culturally distant. In addition, greater cultural distance in trust and individualism leads to lower combined announcement returns. These findings are robust to year and country-level fixed effects, time-varying country-pair and deal-level variables, as well as instrumental variables for cultural differences based on genetic and somatic differences. The results are the first large-scale evidence that cultural differences have substantial impacts on multiple aspects of cross-border mergers.

Are cultural values associated with organizational and union commitment and citizenship behavior? A study of Chinese manufacturing workers

This paper examines the association between individual-level cultural values and employees’ commitment to, and citizenship behaviors towards, their employing organization and union. Based on a study of Chinese manufacturing workers, several significant findings emerged, most notably that workers distinguished clearly between the organization and union as foci for commitment and that horizontal, but not vertical, collectivism was positively associated with union commitment and union citizenship behavior. Our results suggest the need to differentiate between horizontal and vertical collectivism when considering the effects of cultural values on attitudes towards unions and collective action.

The Effect of Individualism on Opportunism Propensity in International Strategic Alliances

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of cultural values on opportunistic propensity in strategic alliances. Alliance relationships constitute mixed-motive ventures which are often p...

The moderating effects of traditionality–modernity on the effects of internal labor market beliefs on employee affective commitment and their turnover intention

This study addresses a possible moderating effect of cultural values on the relationship between employee beliefs in human resource management (HRM) practices and employee outcomes. Although employee belief regarding internal labor market (ILM) operation within their firms could be positively related to employee commitment and negatively related to their turnover intention, employee cultural values may act as a contextual variable that strengthens or weakens such relationships. We test the moderating effects of two cultural values, traditionality and modernity in the context of Kenya where the blend of these cultural values is an emerging reality, given the rapid pace of urbanization in recent years coupled with effects of globalization and the digital era. Our study indeed found support for the moderating effects of these cultural values. The association between ILM beliefs and employee affective commitment was found to be greater for employees with more traditional values. In contrast, the relationship was weaker for employees with more modern cultural values. These moderating patterns were also found in the relationship between ILM beliefs and turnover intention. Implications for management research, theory, and practice are discussed.

Decomposition of cross‐country differences in consumer attitudes toward marketing

PurposePrevious studies have found significant differences in consumer attitudes toward marketing between countries and attributed such variations to differences in the stage of consumerism development and cultural values. This study aims to test these competing hypotheses using econometric decomposition to identify the source of such cross‐country variations.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data of consumer attitudes toward marketing from China and Canada, this study adopts econometric decomposition to examine the cross‐country difference in consumer attitudes toward marketing.FindingsThe results show that Chinese consumers have more positive attitudes toward marketing than Canadians and the two countries differ significantly across all predictor variables. However, the results of decomposition suggest that consumerism, individualism and relativism do not have any significant effect on the country gap in consumer attitudes toward marketing, while idealism has a significant coefficient effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe study finds different effects of cultural values on consumer attitudes across countries and has meaningful implications for international marketing strategies.Originality/valueThe study investigates the sources of cross‐national differences in consumer attitudes toward marketing using rigorous analyses to improve the accuracy of cultural attribution for international marketing and cross‐cultural consumer research.

The Effects of Cultural Values on Mental Health Among the Taiwanese People

Empirical evidence has demonstrated that an individual's cultural values can influence his or her mental health. This study extends previous research by proposing and testing a model that examines mediating processes underlying the relationship between individuals' cultural values and their mental health. This 2-stage study used data collected from 208 (at time 1) and 159 (at time 2) full-time staff employed by private enterprises in Taiwan. The author tested hypotheses through the use of hierarchical multiple regression. The results showed that under horizontal individualism and vertical collectivism, the predictors of negative mental health (ie, somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and/or severe depression) were partially and almost completely achieved through the mediating effect of the negative attitudes toward emotional expression.

The impact of managerial skills on employee outcomes: a cross cultural study

Leaders with global skills are in demand by MNCs. Global management skills depend on the applicability of management practices across cultures. Using data from managers in 50 countries, this study examines the interaction effect of cultural values and managerial skills on two outcomes, employees' attitudes and workgroup effectiveness. Our results indicate that cultural values tend to have a greater effect when a manager is less skilled than when the manager is highly skilled. When the manager is highly skilled, the interaction effects of culture tend to disappear. The practical and research implications of these findings are discussed.

Lost in Translation? The Effect of Cultural Values on Mergers Around the World

We find strong evidence that three key dimensions of national culture (trust, hierarchy, and individualism) affect merger volume and synergy gains. The volume of cross-border mergers is lower when countries are more culturally distant. In addition, greater cultural distance in trust and individualism leads to lower combined announcement returns. These findings are robust to year and country-level fixed effects, time-varying country-pair and deal-level variables, as well as instrumental variables for cultural differences based on genetic and somatic differences. The results are the first large-scale evidence that cultural differences have substantial impacts on multiple aspects of cross-border mergers.

Ethno‐cultural diversity and multidimensional poverty differential in Cameroon

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reconcile the multidimensional nature of poverty with a population's cultural conditioning for the purpose of policy evaluation.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling is the strategy used to compare nested models.FindingsThe results show that the observed differences in the dimensions of poverty significantly, but not exclusively, result from differences in cultural valuation systems between groups. Culture influences poverty in two ways: differences in perceptions and differences in the poverty determinants.Practical implicationsIn consideration of these results, we propose a participatory, decentralized and cautious approach in developing credible poverty‐alleviation strategies which respond to the needs expressed by the relevant populations.Originality/valueIn this research, the authors adopt a quantitative approach which applies some statistical tests to analyze the effects of cultural values on poverty.

Humor and cultural values in print advertising: a cross‐cultural study

PurposeThe present study aims to discuss the role of Hofstede's cultural dimensions, uncertainty avoidance and individualism/collectivism, on the use of various humor types in print advertising, across culturally diverse countries.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 12,351 ads (3,828 humorous) from the largest circulated UK and Greek magazines was content‐analyzed in light of Speck's humorous message taxonomy, emphasizing humor types and intentional relatedness.FindingsThe results indicate that cultural diversity is reflected in the types of humorous devices that tend to be used in the UK and Greece. British advertisements incorporate not only sentimental but also disparaging humor types such as sentimental humor and full comedy, providing a great deal of pure entertainment. On the contrary, Greek print ads emphasize cognitive humorous appeals, in an attempt to provide credible information to the uncertainty‐avoiding Greek audience.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study highlight some key aspects of UK and Greek print advertising that can be extended in other homogeneous cultures. In individualistic countries with low uncertainty avoidance, it seems that consumers prefer humor‐dominant messages. On the contrary, in collectivistic countries with high uncertainty‐aversion attitudes, humor can be used as a Trojan horse to convey the required information to the target group.Originality/valueThe present study points out how advertisers' intentions to entertain or to inform the target audience are expressed in the use of various humor types in advertising, underlining, also, the effect of cultural values on these communication decisions.

The Perception of Turkish Undergraduate Art Education Students on the Effect of Cultural Values through Artistic Representation

The Perception of Turkish Undergraduate Art Education Students on the Effect of Cultural Values through Artistic Representation

Cultural Values and Caregiving: The Updated Sociocultural Stress and Coping Model

This review revises the sociocultural stress and coping model for culturally diverse family caregivers proposed in 1997 by Aranda and Knight. Available research on the influence of cultural values on the stress and coping process among family caregivers supports a common core model that is consistent across ethnic groups and that links care recipients' behavior problems and functional impairments to caregivers' burden appraisals and health outcomes. Familism as a cultural value appears to be multidimensional in its effects, with obligation values often being more influential than family solidarity. The effects of cultural values and other ethnic differences in stress and coping appear to involve social support and coping styles rather than burden appraisals. Implications of the revised model for research and practice are discussed.

Why should I tell you? Applying a culturally attuned privacy theory to understand global customers' online disclosure behaviours in e-commerce transactions

This paper explores the effect of cultural values and information privacy concerns on the online disclosure behaviours of global customers engaged in e-commerce activities. Hence, the general research question is as follows: In what ways do cultural values and privacy induce or deter online disclosure behaviours? To understand online disclosure behaviours from the cultural and privacy perspectives, the paper draws on two theoretical frameworks. Hall's (1976) high-context/low-context cultural theory illuminates how cultural values induce or discourage disclosure behaviours and Petronio's (2002) Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory is useful in explaining the psychological boundaries between disclosure and privacy. Integrating these two theories offers a culturally-attuned privacy theory to understand online disclosure behaviours. Finally, the paper provides perspectives on the implications for e-commerce in its efforts to attract global customers.

The impact of entrepreneurs' cultural capital on early performance of new ventures: a comparison between Austria and Slovenia

In the paper, we explore the impact of entrepreneurs' cultural capital on early performance of new ventures. Specifically, we investigate the direct and indirect effects of cultural values, entrepreneurial skills, industry experience, and education on entrepreneurial outcomes. We examine whether the same factors affect new venture performance in mature and transition economies in the same way. The structural model was tested in Austria (n = 170) and in Slovenia (n = 352) using variance based method. We found, for example, that entrepreneurial skills are strongly predicted by the individualistic values of the founder irrespective of the country context. Significant country differences are particularly related with the relationship between an enterprise's performance and the founder's satisfaction of being self-employed.

The Effect of Culture on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment

ABSTRACT Job satisfaction has received a great deal of attention in organizational research due to its significant impact on work attitudes such as organizational commitment, performance, absenteeism, and turnover intentions. Many organizations in Africa are plagued by poor performance, high turnover rates, and low productivity, largely due to the negative work attitudes of the workforce. Information technology (IT) is seen as one of the means to liberate the sagging African economies, and boost employees' morale, performance, and productivity. This paper investigates the effect of cultural values on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Nigeria. Data were collected from 316 information systems managers in selected business organizations in Nigeria. Results of this study suggest (in support of many western studies) that cultural factors are positively and significantly related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Implications for management practice are discussed. doi:10.1300/J156v08n01_07

Consumer Responses to Sexual Appeals in Cross-Cultural Advertisements

This study investigates the effects of cultural values on crosscultural consumer responses to sex appeals in advertising. Special emphasis is placed on examining how consumers uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) influences their responses to sexual appeals in advertising. The study employs a 2.2 factorial between subject, post test only experimental design to study these relationships. Results from MANOVA analysis demonstrate that there are main effects of sexual appeals and consumers UAI on their attitudes toward the ad(Aad). The interaction effect between UAI and sexual appeals is also statistically significant. The usefulness of consumer cultural values in predicting cross national consumer responses to advertising is discussed. Implications and extensions into other crosscultural settings are suggested for future research.

Efectos de variables culturales en los procesos de estrés y afrontamiento

Using the sociocultural stress and coping model as a framework, the paper summarizes recent research on the role of cultural values in stress and coping processes for family caregivers of persons with dementia. The review calls attention to the need for specific measurement of cultural values within groups, rather than relying on general constructs such as familism. For example, filial piety seems to capture East Asian values better than a common familism measure. In research so far, the effect of cultural values on caregivers’ mental health seems not to be mediated by appraisal of caregiving as burdensome as the model proposed, but mainly through effects on coping styles and on social support. The effects of cultural values on caregivers’ emotional distress appears to be more complex and more specific to each cultural group than originally proposed.

Academia and Industry in Chemistry: The Impact of State Intervention, and the Effects of Cultural Values

(2004). Academia and Industry in Chemistry: The Impact of State Intervention, and the Effects of Cultural Values. Ambix: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 99-106.