Effects Of Cultural Values Research Articles

Academia and Industry in Chemistry: The Impact of State Intervention, and the Effects of Cultural Values

Academia and Industry in Chemistry: The Impact of State Intervention, and the Effects of Cultural Values

Facilitating Learning in Multicultural Teams

The problem and the solution. Leading, working, and facilitating learning in multicultural teams represents one of the main challenges faced by today’s organizations. The advantages associated with multicultural teams (e.g., the symbiosis of different wealth of knowledge, ideas, and approaches to life and work) prove to be the major challenges in working in and leading these teams (e.g., differences in beliefs, attitudes, behavior patterns, paradigms, and thus different approaches to learning). Recognizing the importance of team learning and its facilitation in meeting the aforementioned challenges, this chapter presents the effect of cultural values on multicultural team learning as described in the literature. Theoretical implications as well as implications for human resource development practitioners are presented.

The salience of ‘culture’s consequences’: the effects of cultural values on top executive commitment to thestatus quo

While top executives are argued to play a central role in strategic adaptation, evidence suggests that they are not equally open to organizational change. This study extends earlier investigation of the determinants of top executive commitment to the status quo (CSQ) to the international arena, examining the influence of cultural values on executive open-mindedness toward change. Using data from a survey of top managers in 20 countries, analyses reveal that values of individualism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and long-term orientation are significantly related to executives’ adherence to existing strategy and leadership profiles. Further, while confirming earlier findings that industry tenure is positively related to strategy CSQ, results show that tenure does not significantly affect leadership CSQ once cultural values are controlled. In summary, the findings reveal that culture has an important impact on executive mindsets, as demonstrated by the fact that executives of differing cultural background are not equally open to change in organizational strategy and leadership profiles. Second, the findings suggest that executives’ views of appropriate leadership profiles reflect the imprint of cultural socialization moreso than professional experience. Finally, and more broadly, the study offers empirical support for the view that values figure prominently in shaping executives’ strategic and leadership orientations. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The Effect of Cultural Values on Economic Development: Theory, Hypotheses, and Some Empirical Tests

Theory: Cultural variables are incorporated into a baseline endogenous economic growth model. Hypotheses: Cultural attitudes toward achievement and thrift have a positive effect on economic growth. Cultural attitudes concerning postmaterialism have a negative effect on economic growth. Methods: Ordinary least squares regression is used to test economic and cultural models of growth on a cross section of 25 countries. The encompassing principle is used to resolve competing theoretical specifications and to generate a final parsimonious model. A variant of Leamer's Extreme Bounds Analysis (EBA) is used to evaluate the sensitivity of parameter estimates. The conclusions are further supported by nonparametric methods including robust regression and bootstrap resampling. The data for the analysis are from the World Values Survey (1990) and from Levine and Renelt (1992). Results: An empirical model that incorporates both cultural and economic variables is superior to an explanation emphasizing one set of these variables. The final model is robust to: (1) alterations in the conditioning set of variables; (2) elimination of influential cases; and (3) variations in estimation procedures.

The American Experience with Alcohol: Contrasting Cultural Perspectives.

I Theoretical and Historical Framework.- 1 Alcohol Belief Systems in a Culturally Pluralistic Society: An Introduction.- 2 Illness or Disease?.- 3 American Beliefs about Historical Perspectives on the Medical-Moral Controversy.- 4 Getting on the Program: A Biocultural Analysis of Alcoholics Anonymous.- II Case Studies: Americans of European Heritage.- 5 Acculturated Italian-American Drinking Behavior.- 6 Polish-American Drinking: Continuity and Change.- 7 Jewish Americans and Alcohol: Processes of Avoidance and Definition.- 8 Historical Meanings of Irish-American Drinking.- 9 Appalachia: The Effects of Cultural Values on the Production and Consumption of Alcohol.- III Case Studies: Black Americans.- 10 Ambiguity in Black Drinking Norms: An Ethnohistorical Interpretation.- 11 Alcohol: Cultural Conceptions and Social Behavior among Urban Blacks.- IV Case Studies: American Indians.- 12 Indians, Ethnicity, and Alcohol: Contrasting Perceptions of the Ethnic Self and Alcohol Use.- 13 Navajo Alcoholism: Drinking, Alcohol Abuse, and Treatment in a Changing Cultural Environment.- V Case Studies: Spanish-Speaking Populations.- 14 Mexican-Americans in California: Intracultural Variation in Attitudes and Behavior Related to Alcohol.- 15 Mexican-American Experience with Alcohol: South Texas Examples.- 16 Alcohol and Hispanics in the Northeast: A Study of Cultural Variability and Adaptation in Alcohol Use.- 17 Alcohol and Adaptation to Exile in Miami's Cuban Population.- VI Case Studies: Asian Groups.- 18 Japanese-American Drinking Patterns.- 19 Alcohol Consumption among Chinese in the United States.- 20 Hmong Drinking Practices in the United States: The Influence of Migration.- VII Case Studies: Religion and Family.- 21 Irish-American Catholics in a West Coast Metropolitan Area.- 22 Alcohol Writ Accountable: The Episcopal Diocese of Washington, D.C.- 23 Middle-Class Protestants: Alcohol and the Family.- VIII Synthesis and Application.- 24 American Experiences with Alcohol: Commonalities and Contrasts.

Science and Technology

Previous articleNext article No AccessNewer AreasScience and TechnologyGeorge WiseGeorge Wise Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Osiris Volume 1, Number 11985Historical Writing on American Science Published for the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/368647 Views: 14Total views on this site Citations: 39Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1985 The History of Science Society, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Leszek A. Dobrzański, Lech B. 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A Theory of Ethnic Oppression: Toward a Reintegration of Cultural and Structural Concepts in Ethnic Relations Theory

Recent theories of racial and ethnic oppression, with their focus on social structural variables, have tended to ignore the impact of culture. This oversight is redressed by considering the effects of cultural values and beliefs on patterns of racial oppression against black Americans. Beginning with a concise summary of the structure of racial oppression and racial beliefs in American history, we note patterns and then present, in propositional form, a theory incorporating both structural and cultural variables. Beliefs are seen to legitimate, as well as pose periodic challenges to, the structure of racial oppression.

A Theory of Ethnic Oppression: Toward a Reintegration of Cultural and Structural Concepts in Ethnic Relations Theory

Recent theories of racial and ethnic oppression, with their focus on social structural variables, have tended to ignore the impact of culture. This oversight is redressed by considering the effects of cultural values and beliefs on patterns of racial oppression against black Americans. Beginning with a concise summary of the structure of racial oppression and racial beliefs in American history, we note patterns and then present, in propositional form, a theory incorporating both structural and cultural variables. Beliefs are seen to legitimate, as well as pose periodic challenges to, the structure of racial oppression. The study of minority relations in America has moved through several distinctive phases. Prior to the last decade, minority groups were viewed as the victims of prejudice and discrimnination and the moral dilemmas represented by this fact seemed to dominate sociologists' work (cf. Allport; Myrdal; Westie). Not only did sociological analysis of minority problems suffer from the limitations of such concepts as prejudice and discrimination, as well as a preoccupation with moral dilemmas, it tended to be individualistic, ahistorical, and confined to the United States. During the 1960s, however, a clear reaction to these shortcomings occurred, as sociologists began to view structural patterns of discrimination. Moreover, analysis became historical and comparative as scholars sought to find universal principles of structured oppression. In keeping with the rejection of functional analysis, emphasis shifted to concern with power, control, and conflict relations among different ethnic populations. By the end of the decade, a number of theories of minority oppression had emerged (e.g., Blauner; Lieberson; Noel; Schermerhorn; van den Berghe). And into the present decade, minority relations research has tended to concentrate on structural variables and their opera