Effects Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Combined effect of Cerium oxide nanoparticles loaded scaffold and photobiomodulation therapy on pain and neuronal regeneration following spinal cord injury: an experimental study.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remained one of the challenges to treat due to its complicated mechanisms. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) accelerates neuronal regeneration. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) also eliminate free radicals in the environment. The present study aims to introduce a combined treatment method of making PCL scaffolds as microenvironments, seeded with CeONPs and the PBMT technique for SCI treatment. The surgical hemi-section was used to induce SCI. Immediately after the SCI induction, the scaffold (Sc) was loaded with CeONPs implanted. PBMT began 30min after SCI induction and lasted for up to 4weeks. Fifty-six male rats were randomly divided into seven groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (an astrocyte marker), Connexin 43 (Con43) (a member of the gap junction), and gap junctions (GJ) (a marker for the transfer of ions and small molecules) expressions were evaluated. The behavioral evaluation was performed by BBB, Acetone, Von Frey, and radiant heat tests. The SC + Nano + PBMT group exhibited the most remarkable recovery outcomes. Thermal hyperalgesia responses were mitigated, with the combined approach displaying the most effective relief. Mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia responses were also attenuated by treatments, demonstrating potential pain management benefits. These findings highlight the potential of PBMT, combined with CeONPs-loaded scaffolds, in promoting functional motor recovery and alleviating pain-related responses following SCI. The study underscores the intricate interplay between various interventions and their cumulative effects, informing future research directions for enhancing neural repair and pain management strategies in SCI contexts.

Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease model rats.

Cerium oxide, particularly in nanoparticle form (nanoceria), has been investigated for biomedical applications as a promising new agent for treating several pathologies. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacologic effects of nanoceria in an animal model of chronic kidney disease. We created the chronic kidney disease animal model by feeding rats a 0.25% adenine diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal diet, 0.25% adenine diet, or adenine diet containing three different doses or durations of nanoceria treatment. Blood was collected weekly from the tail veins of each rat and analyzed for renal function markers. After 5 weeks, various biochemical markers in serum, plasma, and urine were also analyzed. In the adenine-treated group, body weight was significantly decreased, and the kidneys lost much of their healthy reddish color and became lumpy and white in appearance. In addition, levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and plasma uremic toxins were significantly increased in adenine-treated rats compared with controls. Renal functional and structural damage in adenine diet model rats tended to be ameliorated by nanoceria ingestion. The high-dose cerium-treated group maintained reddish areas in the kidneys, and the increases in biomarker levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and inorganic phosphorus were markedly reduced, regardless of treatment duration. Ingestion of nanoceria may be effective for improving or preventing renal damage caused by adenine. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 88-95.

The ameliorative effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on chlorpyrifos induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model: Biochemical, molecular and immunohistochemical study

BackgroundChlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used insecticide that causes toxicity to living organisms through the production of free radicals. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) are a new antioxidant agent that has proved therapeutic effects. We evaluated the effect of CeO2NPs on CPF hepatotoxicity. MethodsForty rats were randomized into four groups. Group I: rats received 1 ml corn oil by gastric tube once daily and 0.5 ml PBS by intra-peritoneal injection twice a week for 4 weeks. Group II: received CeO2NPs 0.5 mg/kg in PBS by i.p. injection, twice weekly for four weeks. Group III: were treated with oral administration of CPF 13.5 mg/kg in corn oil daily for 4 weeks. Group IV: received CPF as in group III, then each animal received CeO2NPs twice weekly for four weeks as in group II. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, rats were anesthetized and sera were collected for liver enzymes assessment. Afterwards, rats were sacrificed, livers were excised, the right lobe of each liver was fixed for immunohistochemical studies, and the left lobe was homogenized for oxidative profile assessment and molecular analysis. ResultsCPF group showed significant increase in liver transaminases, disturbance of the oxidative profile with up-regulation of BAX expression and down-regulation in the Bcl-2, Gadd45 and NFE2L2. CPF caused severe histopathological liver damage as well as significant increase in anti-Caspase 3 and TNF immunostaining. The CeO2NPs treated group revealed significant improvement of all previous parameters. ConclusionCeO2NPs could alleviate CPF hepatoxicity through decreasing expression of the inflammatory and apoptotic proteins and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

The cardioprotective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles against the poisoning generated by aluminum phosphide pesticide: Controlling oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage

BackgroundAluminum phosphide (AlP) is a well-known toxic compound used as an agricultural pesticide to prevent insect damage to stored crops. However, even if just a small amount was consumed, it caused lasting harm to the human body and, in acute concentrations, death. The current study employed cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) to reduce oxidative stress and various harmful outcomes of AlP poisoning. MethodsFollowing finding effective concentrations of CeO2 NPs via MTT assay, Human Cardiac Myocyte (HCM) cells were pre-treated with CeO2 NPs for 24 h. After that, they were exposed to 2.36 μM AlP. The activity of oxidative stress and mitochondrial biomarkers, including mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release, were evaluated in HCM cells. Finally, the population of apoptotic and necrotic cells was assessed via flow cytometry. ResultsAfter 24 h, data revealed that all tested concentrations of CeO2 NPs were safe, and 25 and 50 μM of that were selected as effective concentrations. Oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) showed that CeO2 NPs could successfully decrease AlP poisoning due to their antioxidant characteristics. Mitochondrial markers were also recovered by pre-treatment of HCM cells with CeO2 NPs. Furthermore, pre-treating with CeO2 NPs could compensate for the reduction of live cells with AlP and cause a diminishing in the population of early and late apoptotic cells. ConclusionAs a result, it is evident that CeO2 NPs, through the recovery of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damages caused by AlP, reduce apoptosis and have therapeutic potentials on HCM cells.

Investigating the Cytotoxic Effect of Urolithin B and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aloe Vera Plant on Brain Cancer Cell Colony (U87MG)

Background: Brain cancer is one of the types of cancer that appears with the growth of cancer cells in the brain. In this experimental study, we investigated and compared the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the green method from Aloe vera with urolithin B on U87MG cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cerium oxide nanoparticles were produced by the green synthesis method from the Aloe vera plant and confirmed by nanoparticle size characterization tests and an FESEM microscope. The U87MG cells were obtained from Pasteur Institute of Tehran, Iran, and after passage, they were treated with cerium oxide nanoparticles and urolithin B drug for 72 h and cell colonies for 15 days. Results: The IC50 of cancer cells in the MTT test for urolithin B and cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method from Aloe vera plant with urolithin B were 170 μM and 135 μM, respectively. In addition, the survival percentage results from the clonogenic test at a concentration of 30 μM for cerium oxide nanoparticles (78%), urolithin B(61%), and cerium oxide nanoparticles with urolithin B(30%), and for a concentration of 60 μM, it was 60, 42, and 16%, respectively. Conclusion: Urolithin B has a higher cytotoxic effect (170μM) than cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the green method from the Aloe vera plant, and when combined with cerium oxide nanoparticles, this cytotoxic effect increased more (135μM). It also reduced the survival percentage of colonies within 15 days of treatment.

Impact of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Metabolic, Apoptotic, Autophagic and Antioxidant Changes in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Possible Underlying Mechanisms.

In the current study, the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanocerium; NC) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy and its possible underlying mechanisms were addressed. 32 adult male rats were allocated into 4 groups; i) control group, ii) NC group; rats received NC (0.2 mg/kg, i.p., daily), iii) DOX group; rats received DOX 4 mg/kg (2 injections with a 14-day interval), and iv) DOX+NC group as DOX but rats received NC. At the end of the experiment, ECG and ECHO recordings and assessments of the levels of cardiac enzymes (CK-MB, LDH), and myocardial oxidative stress (MDA, catalase, and GSH), the expression of LC3 and beclin1 (markers of autophagy), caspase3 (marker of apoptosis) by immunohistochemistry, the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCA) by PCR, and 5'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels in the heart tissues were performed. The DOX group displayed a prolonged corrected QT interval, an increase in cardiac enzymes (CK-MB and LDH), myocardial oxidative stress (high MDA with low catalase and GSH), expression of ACCA, caspase-3, beclin1, and LC3 in myocardial tissues, with reduction in myocardial AMPK levels, and myocardial contractility (low ejection fraction, and fractional shortening). On the other hand, administration of NC with DOX resulted in significant improvement of all studied parameters. NC offers a cardioprotective effect against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. This effect might be due to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects as well as to the modulation of autophagy and metabolic dysfunctions induced by DOX in the heart tissues.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Protect Cortical Astrocytes from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation through Activation of the Ca2+ Signaling System.

Most of the works aimed at studying the cytoprotective properties of nanocerium are usually focused on the mechanisms of regulation of the redox status in cells while the complex effects of nanocerium on calcium homeostasis, the expression of pro-apoptotic and protective proteins are generally overlooked. There is a problem of a strong dependence of the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on their size, method of preparation and origin, which significantly limits their use in medicine. In this study, using the methods of molecular biology, immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy and inhibitory analysis, the cytoprotective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation on cultured astrocytes of the cerebral cortex under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (ischemia-like conditions) are shown. The concentration effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on ROS production by astrocytes in an acute experiment and the effects of cell pre-incubation with nanocerium on ROS production under OGD conditions were studied. The dose dependence for nanocerium protection of cortical astrocytes from a global increase in calcium ions during oxygen-glucose deprivation and cell death were demonstrated. The concentration range of cerium oxide nanoparticles at which they have a pro-oxidant effect on cells has been identified. The effect of nanocerium concentrations on astrocyte preconditioning, accompanied by increased expression of protective proteins and limited ROS production induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, has been investigated. In particular, a correlation was found between an increase in the concentration of cytosolic calcium under the action of nanocerium and the suppression of cell death. As a result, the positive and negative effects of nanocerium under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation in astrocytes were revealed at the molecular level. Nanocerium was found to act as a "double-edged sword" and to have a strictly defined concentration therapeutic "window".

Synthesis and characterization of CeO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles and their effect on growth parameters and the antioxidant defense system in Vigna mungo L. Hepper.

Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted a lot of attention after being tested in various agricultural plants. This paper reports the green synthesis of CeO2 NPs and SiO2 NPs from leaf extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. The physical characteristics of the produced nanoparticles were then determined using UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the interaction effects of cerium oxide NPs (C1, C2, and C3) and silicon dioxide NPs (S1, S2, and S3) at 10 mg/L on blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) were evaluated. CeO2 and SiO2 NPs treatments enhanced the growth performance of the plants by causing a decrease in superoxide radical (SOR) and H2O2 via improving antioxidant enzymes. These findings imply that the size and shape of CeO2 and SiO2 NPs provide defense against oxidative damage to the blackgram.

Morphology‐controlled therapeutic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles for mild traumatic brain injury

AbstractThe design and optimization of nanostructures with unique morphologies and properties are at the forefront of biomedical nanotechnology. Cerium oxides are widely used to investigate the effect of morphology on performance. However, elucidating the morphology–activity relationship of cerium oxide nanocrystals in biomedical applications remains challenging. Herein, the therapeutic effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles with different morphologies: cerium oxide nanorods with two different aspect ratios (CeOx NRs_A and CeOx NRs_B), cerium oxide nanopolyhedra (CeOx NPs), and cerium oxide nanocubes (CeOx NCs) are investigated in in vivo and in vitro mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation after mild TBI, alleviating cognitive impairment; furthermore, the therapeutic effect is significantly affected by their morphology. Owing to the higher Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio, exposure of more active crystal surfaces, and greater number of exposed oxygen vacancies, CeOx NRs show better activity than CeOx NPs and CeOx NCs for mild TBI. Among the two investigated types of cerium oxide nanorods, CeOx NRs_A, with a higher Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio on the surface, appear to spread better than CeOx NRs_B in the injured lesions. The factors causing morphology‐controlled biomedical performance, such as Ce3+/Ce4+ molar ratio, surface area, and aspect ratio, are discussed.

Divergent effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles alone and in combination with cadmium on nutrient acquisition and the growth of maize (Zea mays).

The increasing use of cerium nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) has made their influx in agroecosystems imminent through air and soil deposition or untreated wastewater irrigation. Another major pollutant associated with anthropogenic activities is Cd, which has adverse effects on plants, animals, and humans. The major source of the influx of Cd and Ce metals in the human food chain is contaminated food, making it an alarming issue; thus, there is a need to understand the factors that can reduce the potential damage of these heavy metals. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of CeO2-10-nm-NPs and Cd (alone and in combination) on Zea mays growth. A pot experiment (in sand) was conducted to check the effect of 0, 200, 400, 600, 1,000, and 2,000 mg of CeO2-10 nm-NPs/kg-1 dry sand alone and in combination with 0 and 0.5 mg Cd/kg-1 dry sand on maize seedlings grown in a partially controlled greenhouse environment, making a total of 12 treatments applied in four replicates under a factorial design. Maize seedling biomass, shoot and root growth, nutrient content, and root anatomy were measured. The NPs were toxic to plant biomass (shoot and root dry weight), and growth at 2,000 ppm was the most toxic in Cd-0 sets. For Cd-0.5 sets, NPs applied at 1,000 ppm somewhat reverted Cd toxicity compared with the contaminated control (CC). Additionally, CeO2-NPs affected Cd translocation, and variable Ce uptake was observed in the presence of Cd compared with non-Cd applied sets. Furthermore, CeO2-NPs partially controlled the elemental content of roots and shoots (micronutrients such as B, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Fe and the elements Co and Si) and affected root anatomy.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Pain Behavior in Neuropathic Rats.

Neuropathic pain originating from a dysfunction in the nervous system is often intractable and chronic. Recently, several studies using nanoparticles suggested a new way to control neuropathic pain. This study intended to explore the potential neuroprotective effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CNPs) synthesized by pullulan in neuropathic pain in rats. On the right common sciatic nerve of male Wistar rats, the chronic constriction injury (CCI) procedure was used to establish a neuropathic pain model. CNPs were injected into the caudal vein of the rat. Behavioral methods were used to detect mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. Besides, inflammation factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, nitric oxide (NO), and markers of oxidative stress, including Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol, were measured in the spinal cord segment of rats. In rats with CCI, mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia developed, which improved when the rats were administered CNPs. Spinal cord specimens of CCI rats had elevated inflammation and oxidative stress status (↑IL-1β, ↑TNF-α, ↑NO, ↑MDA) and decreased antioxidative levels (↓total thiol). As a result of CNPs treatment, these changes were reversed in the spinal cord specimens. CNPs alleviate neuropathic pain by exhibiting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

Growth-inhibiting effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on some fungal isolates that may cause the football players’ skin diseases

Growth-inhibiting effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on some fungal isolates that may cause the football players’ skin diseases

Quenching effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on singlet oxygen: validation of the potential for reaction with multiple reactive oxygen species.

Here we studied cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) as an agent for the future treatment of oxidative damage by validating and evaluating its scavenging activity towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. Nanoceria has been shown to mimic the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, degrading superoxide (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We examined the antioxidative activity of nanoceria, focusing on its ability to quench singlet oxygen (1O2) in an aqueous solution. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to determine the rates of second-order reactions between nanoceria and three ROS (1O2, O2•-, and H2O2) in aqueous solution, and its antioxidative abilities were demonstrated. Nanoceria shows a wide range of ultraviolet-light absorption bands and thus 1O2 was produced directly in a nanoceria suspension using high-frequency ultrasound. The quenching or scavenging abilities of nanoceria for 1O2 and hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction-derived O2•- were examined by EPR spin-trapping methods, and the consumption of H2O2 was estimated by the EPR oximetry method. Our results indicated that nanoceria interact not only with two previously reported ROS but also with 1O2. Nanoceria were shown to degrade O2•- and H2O2, and their ability to quench 1O2 may be one mechanism by which they protect against oxidative damage such as inflammation.

The Anticancer Role of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles by Inducing Antioxidant Activity in Esophageal Cancer and Cancer Stem-Like ESCC Spheres.

Esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis, a high rate of metastasis, and rapid clinical progression. One hypothesis is that therapeutic failure is due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC). Previous studies showed the anticancer effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) in different cancer cells. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on cell antioxidants, toxicity, as well as cell oxidant level in esophageal cancer (YM1) and cancer stem cell-like (CSC-LC) cell lines. YM1 and CSC-LC spheres were treated with CNP at different concentrations. The cell viability was assessed by using the MTT test. Antioxidant levels (SOD (superoxide dismutase, CAT (catalase), thiol, and TAC (total antioxidant capacity)), antioxidant genes expression (SOD and CAT), ROS (reactive oxygen species), and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels were assessed in both cell lines. CSC-LC had significantly elevated SOX4 and OCT4 pluripotent genes. The ROS and MDA levels were significantly reduced in both YM1 and CSC-LC spheres after treatment with CNP. Also, the antioxidant levels and expressions were elevated significantly in both cell lines after CNP treatment. These results suggest the potential anticancer effect of CNP by elevating antioxidant levels and expressions, and reducing oxidant levels.

Characterization and antimicrobial activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized using neem and ginger.

The aim of this study is to analyze and characterize the antimicrobial effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (NP) synthesized using neem and ginger. Finely grounded neem and ginger powder were taken and mixed with distilled water. This mixture was then heated and filtered. Ammonium cerium nitrate dissolved in distilled water. Both the mixtures were mixed and stirred magnetically. A double-beam ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to monitor color changes. The extract was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 min. The final pellet was powdered using a hot air oven at 70°C for 24 h. Visualization was done by transmission electron microscopy and spherical morphology was noted, with an average diameter of 5 nm, in aggregated form. The sample containing 100 mg of cerium oxide shows the most significant effect on the zone of inhibition of 11 mm of Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained in the current study confirmed that CeO-NP possessed antioxidant and cytotoxic properties.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Regulate Oxidative Stress in HeLa Cells by Increasing the Aquaporin-Mediated Hydrogen Peroxide Permeability.

Some aquaporins (AQPs) allow the diffusion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the most abundant ROS, through the cell membranes. Therefore, the possibility of regulating the AQP-mediated permeability to H2O2, and thus ROS scavenging, appears particularly important for controlling the redox state of cells in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Several compounds have been screened and characterized for this purpose. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) presenting antioxidant activity on AQP functioning. HeLa cells express AQP3, 6, 8, and 11, able to facilitate H2O2. AQP3, 6, and 8 are expressed in the plasma membrane and intracellularly, while AQP11 resides only in intracellular structures. CNPs but not cerium ions treatment significantly increased the water and H2O2 permeability by interacting with AQP3, 6, and especially with AQP8. CNPs increased considerably the AQP-mediated water diffusion in cells with oxidative stress. Functional experiments with silenced HeLa cells revealed that CNPs increased the H2O2 diffusion mainly by modulating the AQP8 permeability but also the AQP3 and AQP6, even if to a lesser extent. Current findings suggest that CNPs represent a promising pharmaceutical agent that might potentially be used in numerous pathologies involving oxidative stress as tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.

Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Antibacterial on Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria

ABSTRACT                      
 In this study the antibacterial effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles(CON) particles on staphylococcus aureus bacteria was investigated.  microwave induced technique were used for synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles. sunthesized Cerium oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) .It was noted that cerium oxide nanoparticles of 18-29 nanometre size were synthesized. XRD and SEM results found that with increasing synthesization time size of cerium oxide nanoparticles were decreased. The size of CON particles was influenced by the time it took to synthesise them.
 It was also found that CON particles antibacterial activity is size dependant.Cerium oxide nanoparticles improved the effectiveness of antibacterial agents in a disc diffusion investigation.With Terivid, Amikin Grasil,velosef, spraxin and ceftriaxone drugs against the staphylococcus aureus bacteria appreciably.

Activation of SIRT-1 Pathway by Nanoceria Sheds Light on Its Ameliorative Effect on Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Impairment (Chemobrain): Restraining Its Neuroinflammation, Synaptic Dysplasticity and Apoptosis.

Chemo fog is one of the most serious health concerns encountered by cancer survivors receiving doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and impairment of synaptic plasticity are regarded as the key factors implicated in DOX-induced cognitive impairment. This research aimed to assess the possible neuroprotective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) against DOX-induced neurotoxicity. Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups (12 rats/group): control group, CeNPs group (received oral CeNPs solution (35 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks), and DOX group (were administered DOX intraperitoneally (2 mg/kg, once/week for 4 weeks)) and DOX+ CeNPs group. The findings revealed that CeNPs mitigated behavioral alterations in DOX-induced cognitive deficit. Additionally, CeNPs alleviated the histopathological abnormalities in hippocampus and ameliorated DOX-induced neuroinflammation by downregulating the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL6. In addition, CeNPs antagonized the apoptosis through reducing the protein expression of cytochrome c and caspase 3. In addition, it stimulated the antioxidant defense, as indicated by upregulating the expression of the Nrf2, HO-1 and PGC-1α genes. CeNPs improved synaptic plasticity via acting on the BDNF. These actions were related through the modification of SIRT-1 expression. Based on the aforementioned results, CeNPs antagonized the doxorubicin-induced neurodegeneration by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects, alongside its SIRT-1 mediated mechanisms.

Improving the valence self-reversible conversion of cerium nanoparticles on titanium implants by lanthanum doping to enhance ROS elimination and osteogenesis

Equipped with anti-oxidative properties, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are gradually being adopted over the years in the field of oxidative stress research. However, the effects of CNPs may be diminished when under the influence of prolonged and substantially elevated levels of oxidative stress. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the efficacy of CNPs to resist oxidative stress. In this study, our approach involves the fabrication of titanium surface CNPs coatings doped with different concentrations of lanthanum ions (La3+) and the investigation of their local anti-oxidative stress potential. The physicochemical characterization showed that the La-CNPs groups had a substantial increase in the generation of oxygen vacancies within the CNPs structure with the increase of La doping concentration. In vitro findings proofed that the cytocompatibility of different La-CNPs coatings showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of La doping concentration under oxidative stress microenvironment. Among these groups, the 30 % La-CNPs group presented the best cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation which could activate the FoxO1 pathway, then upregulated the expression of SOD1 and CAT, and finally resulted in the inhibition of ROS production. In vivo results further confirmed that the 30 % La-CNPs group showed significant osteogenic effects in two rat models (osteoporosis and diabetes models). In conclusion, we believe that the 30 % La-CNPs coating holds promising potential for its implant applications in patients with oxidative stress-related diseases.

The histopathological changes induced by intra peritoneal administration of cerium oxide on mice brain tissue

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoparticle- based materials raises many concerns about their impact on health related to its many applications in diverse fields, including petroleum refining, polishing agents, and coatings, as well as the toxicity of these NPs in biological/ physiological environment is a major concern. The study conducted at college of nursing – university of Basrah –Iraq,and it aimed to investigated the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on mice brain tissues after 30 days of intra-peritoneal I/P injection of cerium oxide nanoparticles . White laboratory mice of Mus musculus L. strain BALB/C that were supplied from (Drug Control Center - College of Science, Thi -Qar University). The mice were placed under controlled conditions of 20-25 degrees and a 12-hour light cycle. And 12 hours of darkness in plastic cages of standard sizes (30×12×11) cm, the first group injected laboratory mice with 1 ml of normal saline physiological solution as a control group. The second treatment group. Laboratory mice were injected with 1 ml of cerium dioxide at a concentration of 3.75 µl of the raw material to 996.25 µl of physiological solution. By one injection between one day and another for a period of 30 days to investigate the effects of I/P administration of cerium oxide Nano- particles on mice brain tissue after 30 day. Mice were killed and brain isolated to prepare for the histological examination which showed that cerium oxide injected for 30 day induce pathological alteration in brain tissue especially on white matter , neurofibers and glial cells. Brain of mice show degeneration of white matter, ,necrosis of glial cell aggregation of glial cell , The histopathological examination investigate that intra-peritoneal injection in mice for thirty day induce histopathological adverse changes in mice brain tissue.