With the accelerating process of urbanization and the increasing social power consumption, power cable, as an important part of the power system, has the advantages of high power supply reliability, large transmission capacity, less land occupation and less vulnerable to the influence of the external environment. However, urbanization construction is accompanied by a large number of municipal construction, which causes great external breaking pressure on the reliable power supply of power cables. Therefore, the effective anti external breaking monitoring and early warning of power cables can reduce the losses caused by cable external breaking. This paper mainly introduces the cable anti breaking monitoring system, which captures the vibration signal to identify the signal source, such as piezoelectric sensor, sound sensor and optical fiber sensor. This paper focuses on the working principle of three distributed optical fiber anti burst systems based on OTDR (optical time domain reflection), Mach-Zender interference and Michelson interference, summarizes the characteristics and application scope of each method, analyzes the existing problems of power cable anti burst monitoring and early warning technology at the present stage, and gives the summary and prospect.