Effect Of Gross Domestic Product Research Articles

Moderating Effect of Gross Domestic Product on the Relationship between Camel Rating Model and Financial Performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya

The study sought to establish the moderating effect of gross domestic product on the relationship between CAMEL rating model and financial performance of Deposit Taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study originates from the Doctoral dissertation of the first author in which the co-authors served as supervisors. Capital buffer theory and stewardship theories were utilized in supporting the nexus between the variables of the study. Secondary data was collected for the period 2013 to 2022 and panel regression analysis was applied. The study established that the nexus between CAMEL rating model and financial performance in the context of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya is significantly predicted by gross domestic product. It was consequently concluded that the aggregate of economic growth as reflected by gross domestic product plays a significant role on CAMEL rating model and financial performance nexus with respect to deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study recommends that the Government of Kenya should ensure economic growth in the country. The Government should stimulate economic activities through government policies and activities (of patronizing different sectors). Profits generated by SACCOs during economic expansion should be adequate reinvested into financial intermediation activities as well as other investment opportunities for purposes of diversification.

ANALYSIS DETERMINANTS THE VELOCITY OF MONEY IN INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the effect of gross domestic product, inflation, and interest rates on the velocity of money in Indonesia for the period 2011 quarter I to 2020 quarter IV. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Research data was obtained from publications by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and Bank Indonesia. The data analysis technique used Multiple Linear Regression using Eviews 12. The results stated that the gross dometic product variable partially had a negative and significant effect on velocity of money, this was indicated by the value of t count > t table, which is -4.002220 > 2.021075, while the inflation variable has no effect on velocity of money with the value of t calculate < t table, which is -0.084848 < 2.021075 and the variable interest rate has a positive effect on velocity of money with the value of t calculate > t table, which is 3.200801 > 2.021075. Simultaneously (together) gross domestic product, inflation, and interest rates have a significant effect on the velocity of money in Indonesia with f calculated > f table which is 27.04354 > 2.838745.

Evolution of the Digital Economy and Society Index in the European Union: Α Socioeconomic Perspective

Abstract The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) in recent years has brought about significant changes in many social sectors such as communication, economy, entertainment, and others. To define the key role that ICT plays in its development course, the European Union (EU) has developed a composite indicator, the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), to assess the digital policy performance of its Member States. In the current work, an attempt is made to evaluate the performance of the EU countries on the digital economy and society with respect to implemented EU digital policies by studying the five dimensions of the DESI for the years 2014–2019, using the corresponding DESI reports (DESI 2015 – DESI 2020). Moreover, the digital convergence among EU Member States, in terms of similarity of their performance in the five dimensions of the DESI by grouping them according to the optimal number of clusters, is also examined. Since the optimal number of clusters is two, EU Member States are classified in two groups, one of high and one of low performance in the five dimensions of the DESI. The evolution of each member country and the possible transitions from one group to another during the years 2014–2019 is also a point of interest. The grouping of EU Member States into the two clusters showed that socioeconomic factors may affect the overall DESI. Linear mixed effect models confirm the positive effect of Gross Domestic Product per capita, the public expenditure for education and research and development (R&D) on the DESI and the negative effect of the average number of weekly working hours. The results could be used to reform the existing EU digital policies and identify areas where further improvement is needed.

Pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto dan Inflasi Terhadap Jumlah Uang Beredar (M1) di Indonesia Periode 1980 – 2020 Menurut Pendekatan Klasik

The The research aims to determine the effect of gross domestic product (GDP) and inflation on the total money supply (JUB) in Indonesia. This study uses timeseries data from 1980 to 2020 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, and Bank Indonesia. This study uses a classical approach. The research was conducted using multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing using the t test and f test is used to determine the feasibility of the model. The results of the analysis show that the Gross Domestic Product Variable (X1) partially has a positive and significant effect on the Money Supply in Indonesia. The Inflation Variable (X2) partially influences the Money Supply in Indonesia. Based on the analysis of the Simultaneous Test value prob. F of 0.00 < error rate of 0.05. Thus, Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted. This shows that the Gross Domestic Product (X1) Inflation (X2), simultaneously has a significant effect on the Money Supply in Indonesia, because F count is 36.07 > 3.25 F table and the Adjusted R Square coefficient or the coefficient of determination is 0.7452 This means 74.52% of the variation or change in the total money supply can be explained by variations in Gross Domestic Product and Inflation, while the rest (25.48%) is explained by other variables outside this research model. This is consistent with the quantity theory of money. According to the quantity theory of money, according to Irving Fisher, it states that the amount in circulation is directly proportional to changes in prices.

Time-varying disaggregation of the income-emissions nexus: New evidence from the United Kingdom

This paper's objective is to investigate the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis utilizing three unique approaches in this era of accelerating climate change and economic volatility. The first step is to introduce and employ a new cointegration test which allows smooth and sharp structural changes through a dummy variable and a Fourier function. Using a time-varying causality approach, the second stage is to assess the EKC hypothesis's validity for each year of a given period, as opposed to the entire period. The third stage is to conduct time-varying analyses not only of the effect of Gross Domestic Product or aggregate income on environmental degradation but also of the effects of the four major economic units' incomes, namely those of the government, non-financial corporations, households, and the rest of the world. This research derives three conclusions using the United Kingdom as a case study from 1830 to 2016. The impacts of aggregate income and the incomes of the three economic units on carbon emissions are consistent with the EKC hypothesis. Second, each of these effects occurs at different times. Thirdly, the EKC hypothesis regarding the association between the nation's trade income and carbon emissions cannot be validated. To provide policymakers with a dynamic, unit-specific, and effective strategy for mitigating environmental degradation, the paper proposes testing the EKC hypothesis for each year over a specific time period, as well as for the effects of both aggregate income and the disaggregate income of four major economic units.

Macroeconomic Impact on Non-Performing Financing in Islamic Banking in 2011-2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, inflation and debt on non-performing financing in the Middle East, Central Asia, and Indonesia for the 2011-2021 period. This research uses descriptive quantitative research methods. The data used in this study are secondary data with documentation data collection techniques and literature studies sourced from www.imf.org and financial statements. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with Eviews 12 software. The results of this study show that GDP, unemployment rate, and inflation partially have not significant of non-performing financing. Meanwhile, debt has a positive and significant of non-performing financing.

The Effect of Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption and Forest Area on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in ASEAN-5

The Effect of Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption and Forest Area on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in ASEAN-5

The impact of green quality of the energy consumption on carbon emissions in the United States

This paper investigates the impact of energy consumption’s Green Quality Index (GQI) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the United States from 1970 to 2021. At this point, the estimated models control for the effects of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, urban population, and globalization on CO2 emissions. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag estimations demonstrate that GQI and globalization reduce CO2 emissions in the short- and long run. However, GDP per capita and urban population are positively related to CO2 emissions in the short- and long-run. Different estimation techniques confirm the long-run baseline findings. Potential policy implications for reducing CO2 emissions in the United States are also provided.

An investigation into the primary causes of carbon dioxide releases in Kenya: Does renewable energy matter to reduce carbon emission?

This study estimates the effects of gross domestic product (GDP), population, renewable energy consumption, fossil fuels, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on Kenya's carbon emissions by considering time series data from 1972 to 2021. This investigation makes use of the “Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)” method, which is grounded in the theoretical framework of the “Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology” model known as the STIRPAT model. According to the empirical results, the variables have long-run cointegration. This study lends credence to earlier research by demonstrating that a rise in Kenya's GDP and population can increase the country's CO2 emissions. All estimation methods used in this study also demonstrated that GDP growth has a negative impact on CO2 emissions, while population growth has a positive effect in the long run. In the context of ARDL, the impact of fossil fuels on CO2 emissions is positive but not statistically significant. Achieving Kenya's sustainable development required significant investments in the country's renewable energy infrastructure because renewable energy reduces emissions. Based on these findings, policymakers can make informed decisions about the sustainable use of renewable energy.

Effects of Gross Domestic Product of Textile and Textile Product to Reserve for Foreign Exchange and Labor Absorption of Textile and Product Textile

The textile and textile products industry have an important role in the country's economy. In various data it is revealed that the contribution of the textile and textile products industry to Gross Domestic Product is significant, which in turn will have an impact on the State's Foreign Exchange Reserves. On the other hand, this industry also usually deploys a large workforce, so it can be said that the growth of this industry will affect the number of workers absorbed. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Textile and Textile Products Industry in 12 countries in the period 2012 – 2021 and analyze its effects on Foreign Exchange Reserves and Labor Absorption. This study uses ECM panel data regression with the integration order level of Third Difference. The results of the study show that the GDP of TTP has a significant effect on the Foreign Exchange Reserves and the Absorption of TTP Labor with a unidirectional relationship.

Analysis of Economic Growth on Carbon Dioxide Gas Emissions in G20 Countries

Aims: The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of GDP, GFCF, and urban population on carbon dioxide gas emissions. In this case, the member countries of the G20 are the group of countries responsible for 75% of the greenhouse gas emissions produced. The role of the G20 countries is needed in reducing the resulting carbon dioxide gas emissions, to prevent global warming or climate change.
 Study Design: This study used a quantitative descriptive method.
 Place and Duration of Study: The scope of this research is the member countries of the G20 such as Indonesia, South Africa, United States, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Germany, Canada, South Korea, Mexico, France, Russia, and Turkiye, European Union with Time Period 2000-2019.
 Methodology: This study uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach, namely to analyze and determine the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), and urban population (URB) on carbon dioxide gas emissions in the G20 countries. Furthermore, the data used is secondary data with a panel data regression model, namely a combination of time series data and cross sections starting from 2000-2019.
 Results: The results of this study indicate that GDP, GFCF and urban population have a positive and significant effect on increasing carbon dioxide gas emissions in G20 member countries.
 Conclusion: Based on the calculation results, it is found that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), and urban population (URB) in G20 member countries have a positive and significant effect on increasing carbon dioxide gas emissions, both in partial and simultaneous tests. So that the government's role in this case is needed to maintain a healthy environment with increasing economic growth, or in the sense of creating Sustainable Development Goals.

GDP, firm value and systematic risk on Indonesian Kompas100 stock return

This research was conducted to determine the effect of Gross Domestic Product, company value, systematic risk on stock return of the kompas100 listed company. The population of this study were companies listed on the Kompas100 index for the 2017-2020 period, with a total sample of 53 companies based on a purposive sampling technique. This study uses panel data regression analysis with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) regression model. Classical Assumption Test was adopted to test data validation. The results showed that Gross Domestic Product and systematic risk had a negative effect on stock returns, while firm value had no effect on stock returns, with a coefficient of determination of 74 percent. The findings in this study explain that Gross Domestic Product and Systematic Risk had a negative effect on stock return explained by the investors’ behavior in terms of decision-making. They tend to avoid market risk and purchase blue chip stock when it is reached its lowest. While firm value had no effect on stock return due to investors’ confidence and the good credibility of Kompas100 Index in sorting 100 stocks.

The Impact of Macroeconomic Fundamental Policies on The Composite Stock Price Index

This study aims to test the purpose of this study, namely to determine the effect of Gross Domestic Product, Inflation, Interest Rates and Rupiah Exchange Rate on the Composite Stock Price Index.This type of research uses quantitative methods and using secondary data. The data used in this study are time series of Gross Domestic Product, Inflation, Interest Rates, Rupiah Exchange Rate and JCI during the 2011-2020 period. Sampling from this study used the saturated sample method from the monthly data of each variable for 10 years, so that 120 samples were obtained. This research uses multiple linear analysis techniques with the application of eviews 9. The results of this study show that the Gross Domestic Product variable has a positive and significant influence on the JCI, the Inflation variable has a positive and significant influence on the JCI, the Interest Rate variable does not have a significant influence on the JCI and the Rupiah Exchange Rate variable has a negative and significant influence on the JCI.

Effects of official and unofficial environmental regulations on environmental quality: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Due to the increasing impact of climate change, there is a need to examine the effect of environmental regulation on environmental quality. Consequently, we examine the nonlinear and mediation effects of environmental regulation on environmental quality using panel data of 45 major cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China, from 2013 to 2020. Environmental regulation is divided into official and unofficial environmental regulations according to its formality. The results indicate that an increase of official and unofficial environmental regulations can promote the improvement of environmental quality. In fact, the positive effect of environmental regulation on cities with better environmental quality is greater than that of cities with poorer environmental quality. The implementation of both official and unofficial environmental regulations can improve environmental quality better than the single implementation of either official environmental regulation or unofficial environmental regulation. There are full mediation effects of Gross Domestic Product per capita and technological progress in the positive effects of official environmental regulation on environmental quality. There are also partial mediation effects of technological progress and industrial structure in the positive effects of unofficial environmental regulation on environmental quality. This study assesses the policy effectiveness of environmental regulation and determines the underlying mechanism between environmental regulation and environmental quality to provide a reference for other countries regarding environmental improvement.

Global pattern and determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine coverage and progression: a global ecological study

BackgroundUnderstanding and minimizing existing global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination disparities is critical to global population health and eliminating health inequities. The study aims to investigate the disparities of vaccination coverage and progression and the associated economic and educational determinants to inform global COVID-19 vaccination strategies. MethodsCOVID-19 vaccination coverage data from 206 countries used in the study were derived from “Our World in Data” website. After obtaining the vaccination coverage indicators, we fitted the progression indicators for vaccination. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the effects of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, Gini index, education, and their interactions on the coverage and progression of the COVID-19 vaccination. ResultsThe coverage of COVID-19 vaccination ranged from less than 30 doses to more than 150 doses per hundred people, from less than 15% to more than 75% for proportion of people vaccinated, from less than 15% to more than 60% for proportion of people fully vaccinated. Similarly, the progression of vaccination ranged from less than 0.1 to more than 0.6 for progression of total number of doses, from less than 0.1 to more than 0.3 for progression of proportion of people vaccinated, and from less than 0.1 to more than 0.4 for progression of proportion of people fully vaccinated. GDP per capita and education were positively associated with the coverage and progression, while Gini index was negatively associated with the coverage and progression. Negative interaction between GDP per capita and education was also observed for coverage (β = −0.012 to −0.011, P < 0.05) and progression (β = −0.012 to −0.011, P < 0.05). ConclusionsSubstantial geographic disparities existed for the coverage and progression of COVID-19 vaccination. Economy and education are two important factors contributing to the disparities. Different countries may adopt varied strategies to promote the national distribution and vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines.

THE INFLUENCE OF GDP, INFLATION, AND DEPOSIT RATES ON FDI IN INDONESIA

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a very important role in providing capital and overcoming the problem of limited funds owned by developing countries in carrying out the economic development process. This study aims to analyze the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, and deposit rates on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Indonesia in the long and short term. The method used in this study is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method with periodic secondary data (time series) from the early 1990s to 2020. The results obtained in this study indicate that there is a positive and significant effect between GDP on investment foreign direct (FDI). However, inflation shows a negative effect in the long term on foreign direct investment (FDI). Meanwhile, the deposit interest rate in the long term shows a negative effect and in the short term it shows a positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment (FDI).

Effect of Gross Domestic Product and Interest Rate Changes on the Financial Performance of Banks in Kenyan: A Case of Co. Bank Limited

The study's primary objective was to determine the effect of macroeconomic variables on bank performance. Numerous studies on the effects of macroeconomic factors on the banking business in Kenya and globally have been undertaken, all with differing findings and conclusions. The purpose of this study was to add to existing information by determining the extent to which macroeconomic variables affect bank performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: To what extent has gross domestic product affected the Co. Bank of Kenya Limited’s performance, extend to which interest rate changes affect the Co. Bank of Kenya Limited’s performance. Liquidity preference theory, efficient market theory, and current portfolio theory were adopted in the study. The study used a descriptive research approach to examine the relationship between the independent variables of gross domestic product and interest rates and the dependent variable of bank performance. The study surveyed a total of 120 respondents from the Cooperative Bank of Kenya limited, including branch managers, credit managers, finance officials, accountants, staff, and consumers. The study drew conclusions about the research issue using both primary and secondary data. The study collected main data via questionnaires and secondary data via data collecting forms. Secondary data was derived from the Co-operative Bank of Kenya's annual financial reports from 2016 through the first quarter of 2022, CBK, Kenya Bureau of statistics, World Bank reports etc. The study first looks at the general information of the respondents in the fourth chapter. This information is presented using pie charts, graphs and tables. The chapter further explores the dependent variable and presents response from respondents on the extent to which independent variables affect dependent variables in for, of graphs, tables. The study also explores each independent variable. It starts with GDP and Interest rates respectively. For every independent variable the researcher used five statements to ascertain the effect of each variable on bank performance. The research also utilizes secondary data to compute trend analysis for each independent variable and to formulate multiple regression equation and regression coefficients. The study wraps up with the limitation of the study. The last part of the study entails a summary of the research findings. The summary provides an illustration of each independent variable and its effect on the dependent variable in line with the findings of the study. The study further looks at overall research conclusions, provides recommendation on what needs to be done to minimize the effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable.

Analysis of Foreign Debt Determinants of Developing ASEAN Countries

The foreign debt of the 6 countries in ASEAN has increased for several years, but uniquely the increase in foreign debt is in line with the increase in foreign direct investment. This study examines and analyzes the effect of Gross Domestic Product, inflation, exchange rates, investment and capital flight on external debt in 6 ASEAN countries during the 1997-2021 period. The study uses panel data regression, after carrying out the Chow test and Hausman test, the estimation used is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of testing the model show that Gross Domestic Product, inflation and the exchange rate have a significant negative effect on external debt, while investment and withdrawal of capital have a significant positive effect on external debt. The government must concentrate on profitable sectors with a view to increasing the production and income base to minimize foreign debt, create relatively stable macroeconomic and financial conditions and maintain political stability, national defense and social security so that economic actors can feel safe in carrying out economic activities.

THE EFFECT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, EXPORTS, IMPORTS, EXCHANGE RATES, INFLATION AND EXTERNAL DEBT ON INDONESIA'S FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN 2017-2020 (STUDY FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE)

Indonesia is a country that cannot be separated from international relations. In addition, it also has a major influence in the event iof fluctuations in the world economy caused by adopting an open economic system. By conducting international relations, of course, it can increase foreign exchange reserves which of course provide benefits for the country. Indonesia itself has little foreign exchange reserves available because it is used to pay off the government's foreign debt and high import costs. If a country makes foreign loans continuously, the amount of foreign exchange reserves will decrease, so that the economy becomes sluggish. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of gross domestic product, exports, imports, exchange rates, inflation and foreign debt on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves. The sample in this study is 48 data from 2017-2020. This research method is a quantitative approach with data analysis using classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination test with data processing test equipment, namely SPSS version 16. The results show that partially (1) gross domestic product has a positive and positive effect. significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, (2) exports have a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, (3) imports have a negative and significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, (4) the exchange rate has a negative and significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, (5) inflation does not have a significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, (6) foreign debt has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, (7) simultaneously gross domestic product, exports, imports, exchange rates, inflation and foreign debt have a positive and significant effect on Indonesia’s foreign exchange reserves

Analysis of the Influence of School Participation Rate on the Percentage of Poor Population through per Capita Income as a Mediation Variable in Hulu Sungai Utara District

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the School Participation Rate on Gross Domestic Product, to analyze the effect of the School Participation Rate and Gross Domestic Product on the Percentage of Poor People, to analyze the effect of the School Participation Rate on the Percentage of Poor People through Gross Domestic Product. This research is quantitative research and library research. Data source from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The sampling in this study used data on school participation rates from 7-18 years old, the percentage of poor people and Gross Domestic Product during 2013-2019. The data analysis technique used is Path Analysis, T Test and Sobel Test. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that there is no significant effect of the School Participation Rate on Gross Domestic Product, there is a significant effect of the School Participation Rate on the Percentage of the Poor, there is no negative and statistically significant effect of Gross Domestic Product on the Percentage of Poor People negative mediation of the School Participation Rate variable through Gross Domestic Product to the Percentage of Poor Population.