Effect Of Gross Domestic Product Research Articles

Happiness, economic growth and air pollution: an empirical investigation

Previous studies on the effect of economic growth on happiness have produced mixed results. In an attempt to explain these ambiguous results, this study investigates the effect of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita on happiness by taking into account the role of air pollution in each country using annual unbalanced panel data of 59 countries between 2005 and 2015. The results indicated that an increase in GDP per capita can lead to a decrease in happiness if air pollution level is sufficiently high and, in contrast, can lead to an increase in happiness if air pollution level is too low. Moreover, our results revealed monotonic and non-monotonic relationships between air pollution and happiness. We also found that leaving air pollution out of the analysis led to about 15-27% underestimation of the income effect. These results provide some important implications for policymakers seeking to increase economic growth without aggravating happiness.

Does Religion Hinder Creativity? A National Level Study on the Roles of Religiosity and Different Denominations.

Creativity plays an irreplaceable role in economic and technological development. It seems that religion has a negative association with creativity. If it is true, how can we interpret the rapid development of human society with religious believers comprising 81% of global population? Based on the datasets of the World Values Survey and the Global Creativity Index, this study examined the effects of different religions/denominations on national creativity, and the moderation effect of gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc) in 87 countries. The results showed that: (1) religiosity was negatively associated with creativity at national level; (2) Proportions of Protestant and Catholic adherents in a country were both positively associated with national creativity, while proportion of Islam adherents was negatively associated with national creativity; (3) GDPpc moderated the relationships of creativity with overall religiosity, proportion of Protestant adherents, and proportion of Catholic adherents. In countries with high GDPpc, national religiosity and proportion of Islam could negatively predict national creativity, and proportion of Protestants could positively predict national creativity; in countries with low GDPpc, these relationships became insignificant. These findings suggest that national religiosity hinders creativity to a certain extent. However, some denominations (i.e., Protestant and Catholic) may exert positive influences on creativity due to their religious traditions and values. The religion–creativity relationship at national level only emerges in affluent countries.

PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO (PDB) TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH (BUS) DAN UNIT USAHA SYARIAH (UUS) TAHUN 2010-2014 (PENERAPAN ANALISIS REGRESI DATA POOLING)

The main function of BUS / UUS is not much different from conventional banks that collect funds from the public and then channel them back (intermediate). In practice, Islamic banks channeling funds it received in the form of financing, both venture capital financing as well as for consumption. Financing is providing facilities for provision of funds to support the planned investment is based on an agreement between the bank and other parties who require the financed party to return the money or the charges after a certain period of time in exchange or for the results. This study aims to determine the effect of gross domestic product to finance the BUS / UUS. The data used pooling is data. Data pooling with the category of 5 years and 9 sectors studied. analysis is the result of estimation fixed effect. The results showed PBD affect the financing BUS / UUS. , the effect on the GDP amounted to 95.68 percent financing. As well as the remaining amount of 4.32 percent is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. The most high-elasticity sector financing is LGA sector (electricity, gas and water), while the lowest elasticity IDS financing is a sector (manufacturing industry)

Effects of the Gross Domestic Product on Stock Exchange of Nigeria

This study examines the effect of Gross Domestic Product on Stock Exchange in Nigeria from 1996 to 2015. Secondary data were obtained from Annual stock market report of the Nigerian Stock Exchange, 2015 (55th Annual General Meeting) and Annual Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria were used for the study. The variables considered include; Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Federal Government/State Bonds (FGS), Corporate Bonds (CB), Alternative Securities Market (ASeM), Exchange Traded Fund (ETFs), Main Board (MB) and Premium Board (PB). The result shows that ETFs and MB has a positive impact on the GDP.

Does Islamic banking really strengthen financial stability? Empirical evidence from Pakistan

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically assess the contribution of Islamic banks toward the financial stability of Pakistan. For this, the authors investigate the relative financial strength of Islamic banks and their contribution toward the financial stability. They also examine the relationship between the competitive conduct of banks and banking system stability.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use quarterly data of ten conventional banks, four full-fledged Islamic banks and six standalone Islamic branches of conventional banks of Pakistan for the period 2006-2012. The z-score has been computed and used as the measure of stability of banks and the random effects estimator applied to quantify the impact of bank-specific variables and macroeconomic indicators on the financial stability. The empirical framework used in the paper enables the authors us to examine the differential effect of each underlying variable on the financial stability across Islamic and conventional banks. To check the robustness of the results, the authors have estimated several models with different specifications.FindingsThe regression results indicate that income diversity, profitability ratio, loan to asset ratio, asset size and the market concentration ratio of banks have significant effects on the stability of banks. Comparing Islamic and conventional banks, notable differential effects of the empirical determinants of financial stability for Islamic and conventional banks have been observed. The results suggest that Islamic banks have performed better as compared to conventional banks and contributed more effectively in the stability of financial sector. Overall, the results depict that the contribution of Islamic banks toward the financial stability has been reasonable and prospective.Practical implicationsThe empirical results of the paper are very useful not only for banks’ managements but also for the investors, bank customers and policymakers. Specifically, the findings help in enhancing our understanding as to how the bank-specific variables and macroeconomic indicators are related to the financial stability of the banking system. The results also help understand the role of both Islamic and conventional banks in the financial stability. Further, the results suggest that the financial soundness can be enhanced by creating healthy competition in the banking industry. The results about macroeconomic indicators imply that protective measures are required to intensify (mitigate) the positive (negative) effect of gross domestic product (inflation) on banks’ financial stability.Originality/valueThis paper provides an overall comparative analysis of financial stability of both Islamic and conventional banks of Pakistan. First, the paper computes the z-score for each bank included in the sample, and then, it performs the regression analysis to study how bank-specific variables and macroeconomic factors are related to the financial stability of banks. Unlike the previous studies, our empirical framework enables the authors to examine the differential effect of each underlying variable on the financial stability across Islamic and conventional banks.

The role of foreign direct investment and trade on carbon emissions in Turkey

This study aims to observe the long run and short run effects of gross domestic product, foreign direct investment inflows and trade on CO2 emissions and causality relationships between these factors, using annual data for the period of 1974-2010. The empirical results demonstrate that the inverted U-shaped relationship of environmental Kuznets curve is valid for Turkey. In addition, there are positive long run effects of foreign direct investment and trade openness on CO2 emissions. The authors also find a bidirectional causality relationship between CO2 emission and FDI.

PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO DAN INFLASI TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2002-2009

This study aims to determine (1) Effect of Gross Domestic Product on Stock Price Index (IHSG) in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2002 to 2009, (2) Effect of Inflation on Stock Price Index (IHSG) in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2002-2009. The population in this study is the price index of all shares listed on the Stock Exchange (BEI) from 1 January 2002 until 31 December 2009. The samples in this study using saturation sampling or sample census. Data collection technique used documentation techniques. Analysis of the data in this study using four types of test, namely: (1) descriptive statistics, (2) the classical assumption, (3) a regression test and (4) test the hypothesis. This study using SPSS version 17.0 for data processing. The results showed that (1) the Gross Domestic Product significant positive effect on the t-count IHSG 10.793 and 0.000 significance, (2) Inflation had no significant effect on IHSG by t-test 1.942 and 0.062 significance.

PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO DAN INFLASITERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN DI BURSAEFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2002-2009

This study aims to determine (1) Effect of Gross Domestic Product on Stock PriceIndex (IHSG) in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2002 to 2009, (2) Effect ofInflation on Stock Price Index (IHSG) in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2002-2009.The population in this study is the price index of all shares listed on the StockExchange (BEI) from 1 January 2002 until 31 December 2009. The samples in thisstudyusing saturation sampling or sample census. Data collection technique useddocumentation techniques. Analysis of the data in this study using four types of test,namely: (1) descriptive statistics, (2) the classical assumption, (3) a regression testand (4) test the hypothesis. This study using SPSS version 17.0 for data processing.The results showed that (1) the Gross Domestic Product significant positive effecton the t-count IHSG 10.793 and 0.000 significance, (2) Inflation had no significanteffect onIHSG by t-test 1.942 and 0.062 significance.

Forecasting Chinese carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption using non-linear grey multivariable models

Much theoretical and empirical research has verified the non-linear and uncertain relationships between carbon emissions and economic growth. To forecast the carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption, this paper introduces the power exponential term of the relevant variables as exogenous variables into a multivariable grey model. Under the target of minimisation of the mean absolute percentage error, two non-linear programming models are constructed to solve the unknown parameters of the non-linear grey multivariable model. In addition, to enhance the adaptability of the grey model to large sample sizes, we divide the data of Chinese gross domestic product and carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption of 1953–2013 into 15 stages. The empirical results show that the non-linear grey multivariable model can reflect the mechanism of the non-linear effects of gross domestic product on carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption, and has higher forecast accuracy than the traditional grey model and the autoregressive integrated moving average models. In three schemes – economic growth at low, medium, and high, speeds – we use the non-linear grey model to quantify future Chinese carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption from 2014 to 2020, and the predicted results can provide the basis for energy planning and the formulation of environmental policy.

Toward Understanding School Psychology Around the Globe: Economical, Educational, and Professional Factors

Although the field of school psychology continues to develop rapidly, few recent studies have examined how it is directly affected by a country's economy and education. This study examined the effect of gross domestic product, public spending on education, and public support for education on the ratio of school psychologists to students, level of degree offered, and status of school psychologists. Data from 43 countries were obtained from the School Psychology International Survey (one survey per country), Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook, and World Bank Group. Logistic regression results indicated that none of the variables significantly predicted the ratio of school psychologists to students, level of degree offered, and status of school psychologists. The discussion explores the results considering the extant literature and identifies directions for further research.

Using a micro-level model to generate a macro-level model of productive successful aging.

Aging successfully entails good physical and cognitive health, as well as ongoing participation in social and productive activity. This study hones in on participation in productive activity, a factor that makes an important contribution to successful aging. One conceptual model of productive activity in later life specifies the antecedents and consequences of productivity. This study draws on that micro-level model to develop a corresponding macro-level model and assesses its utility for examining the predictors of and explaining the relationships between one form of productivity (labor force participation rates) and one aspect of well-being (average life expectancy) among males and females. Random effects regression models and path analysis were used to analyze cross-national longitudinal data for 24 high-income Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries at seven time points (1980-2010; 168 observations total). OECD countries with higher labor force participation rates among older workers have higher life expectancies. Labor force participation mediates the effects of gross domestic product per capita on male and female life expectancy, and it mediates the effect of self-employment rate for men, but it acts as a suppressor with regard to the effect of public spending on male and female life expectancy. A well-known micro-level model of productive activity can be fruitfully adapted to account for macro-level cross-national variation in productivity and well-being.

PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO, PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DAN DANA ALOKASI UMUM TERHADAP BELANJA MODAL DI KOTA BALIKPAPAN

This project was designed to: 1) explore the effects of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Own-source Revenue (PAD), and government transfer payments to local capital expenditures, both partially and simultaneously; 2) find out the dominant variable which affected the local capital expenditure in Balikpapan. The data, which was obtained through literature review study, were in the type of secondary and time series records derived during the period of 2002-2011. Further, these files were analyzed by implementing multiple linear regressions with three predictors technique, where the assumption tests was applied earlier presently before the main analysis. Eventually, the results showed that: 1) GDP, Local Revenue and government transfer payments gave significant impact on local capital expenditures of Balikpapan simultaneously. a) GDP has considerable effect on local capital expenditures partially; b) local revenue has not extensively influence the local capital expenditure to some extent; c) the government transfer payments has not much influence on the local capital expenditure in some measure. 2) GDP was the most dominant variable affecting the local capital expenditures.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Foreign Direct Investment di Indonesia, Malaysia, Philipina, Thailand dan Singapura

This research background was fluctuations of direct Foreign Investment in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore. Theoretically, the rise and fall of of gross domestic product, inflation indexes, mortgage interest rates, stock price indexes, export values, and currency exchange rates definitely affect the foreign direct investment. Necessarily, the research objective was directed towards determining the effect of gross domestic product, inflation, interest rate, stock price index, infrastructure, exports, exchange rate on the foreign direct investment in Indonesia. The research also compared that condition in Indonesia with that in Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore as post hoc analysis. The research population was means of foreign direct investment in Indonesia, sample was determined to data within the periods of 1980-2011, and taken through purposive random sampling. The research employed descriptive method and verified approach of hypothesis testing. Techniques of analysis used OLS regression method, logit regression and long-term error correction model and the short-term error correction model. Data for the analysis were of the secondary types that consisted of the condition in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore. They were collected from the Bank of Indonesia and the Central Bureau of Statistics. Modes analysis were facilitated through computer software of Eviews 7.00 The research concluded that (1) gross domestic product, inflation, interest rate, stock price index, infrastructure, exports and the exchange rate simultaneously affected on foreign direct investment in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Singapore in a positive and significant manner. The significant results were proved by the utilization of OLS regression, logit and Long-term ECM. Yet, the use of short-term ECM statistical technique was not proved significantly in Indonesia. (2) Partially, inflation, interest rate, stock price index, export and exchange got a significant effect on foreign direct investment in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Singapore. While gross domestic product had no significant effect on foreign direct investment using the OLS regression, logit, ECM and Short-Term Long-term in Indonesia and in the four mentioned ASEAN countries. Results of research suggested recommendations that the government consider research findings in Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore when making a policy in attracting the foreign direct investment into Indonesia upon competition among the ASEAN countries.

All Fish for China?

In this paper we examine the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the level of fish intake in China in comparison with the rest of the world. We also analyse the origin and destination of China's seafood products in order to understand the main patterns during the last decades. The results show that in the 1961-2011 period the rate of growth of the GDP in China doubled that of other developing regions, while the daily fish intake of China increased fourfold, making China the largest fish consumer in the world. Given the size and scale of China's role in production, consumption, and global transformation of seafood markets, China is shaping a new era of industrialization in the history of the fishing industry.

PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO, PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DAN DANA ALOKASI UMUM TERHADAP BELANJA MODAL DI KOTA BALIKPAPAN

This project was designed to : 1 ) explore the effects of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) , Own-source Revenue (PAD), and government transfer payments to local capital expenditures , both partially and simultaneously ; 2 ) find out the dominant variable which affected the local capital expenditure in Balikpapan . The data, which was obtained through literature review study, were in the type of secondary and time series records derived during the period of 2002 -2011. Further, these files were analyzed by implementing multiple linear regressions with three predictors technique , where the assumption tests was applied earlier presently before the main analysis . Eventually, t he results showed that : 1 ) GDP , Local Revenue and government transfer payments gave significant impact on local capital expenditures of Balikpapan simultaneously . a) GDP has considerable effect on local capital expenditures partially ; b ) local revenue has not extensively influence the local capital expenditure to some extent ; c ) the government transfer payments has not much influence on the local capital expenditure in some measure . 2 ) GDP was the most dominant variable affecting the local capital expenditures .

Environmental risk factor assessment: a multilevel analysis of childhood asthma in China

Rapid changes in socioeconomic environment and their diverse patterns in China raise a question: how socio-environmental factors affect childhood asthma in China. We performed a multilevel analysis based on a 2005 national survey to understand the association between environmental factors and asthma, and to provide insights on developing prevention strategies. A multi-center, cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018 school-aged children chosen from eight Chinese cities. Children of 6-13 years old were chosen randomly from schools of 39 centers in 8 cities. The multilevel analysis was made to assess both individual-level and city-level risk factors. The effect of gross domestic product (GDP) was further investigated by analysis of the factors. Analysis of city-level environmental factors showed that GDP [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.88], particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) (adjusted OR=1.37), and average humidity (adjusted OR=1.33) were strong risk factors. Further analysis of the factors decomposed GDP into two major factors, the first represented by urban construction, energy consumption, nitrogen dioxide concentration, and the second represented by health-system coverage. This suggested that the negative effects of GDP outweighed its positive effects on asthma. The prevalence of childhood asthma varies significantly in the eight Chinese cities. Socioenvironmental factors such as GDP, PM10 and average humidity are strong risk factors controlling individual attributes, suggesting that balance is needed between public health and economic development in China.

Rising income and the subjective well-being of nations.

We explored whether rising income in nations is associated with increasing subjective well-being (SWB), with several advances over earlier work. Our methods are improved in that across time, the same well-being questions were asked in the same order, and we employed broad and equivalent representative samples over time from a large number of nations. We also assessed psychosocial factors that might mediate the relation of income and SWB. We found that changes in household income were associated with concomitant changes in life evaluations, positive feelings, and negative feelings. The effects of gross domestic product (GDP) change were weaker and significant only for life evaluations, perhaps because GDP was a less certain index of the standard of living of the average household. The association of income and SWB is more likely to occur when the average person's material welfare accompanies rising income, when people become more satisfied with their finances, and when people become more optimistic about their futures. People did not adapt to the income rises during the period of years we studied, in that income rises produced SWB increases that did not return to earlier levels. It appears that previous researchers failed to come to agreement because of the small sample sizes of the nations, the inconsistent methods across years and surveys, and the lack of measures of potential mediating variables. Analyses of income relative to people in one's nation and between-nation slopes together suggest that income standards are now largely global, with little effect of national social comparison.

Incidence of adult brain cancers is higher in countries where the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondiiis common

We explored associations between the common protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and brain cancers in human populations. We predicted that T. gondii could increase the risk of brain cancer because it is a long-lived parasite that encysts in the brain, where it provokes inflammation and inhibits apoptosis. We used a medical geography approach based on the national incidence of brain cancers and seroprevalence of T. gondii. We corrected reports of incidence for national gross domestic product because wealth probably increases the ability to detect cancer. We also included gender, cell phone use and latitude as variables in our initial models. Prevalence of T. gondii explained 19 per cent of the residual variance in brain cancer incidence after controlling for the positive effects of gross domestic product and latitude among nations. Infection with T. gondii was associated with a 1.8-fold increase in the risk of brain cancers across the range of T. gondii prevalence in our dataset (4-67%). These results, though correlational, suggest that T. gondii should be investigated further as a possible oncogenic pathogen of humans.

Faktor–Faktor Ekonomi dan Non Ekonomi Terhadap Perkembangan Pasar Modal Serta Implikasinya Pada Perekonomian Nasional.

The methodology used in this research was ex post facto with the secondary data collected from the Statistic Center Bureau, Bank Indonesia, Indonesia Stock market and Bapepam-LK. The statistical analysis used in this research to compute the data was a regression and correlation analysis with the hypothesis test significant level of α = 0.05. Results of research presented findings of the following: (i) The macro economics factors simultaneously affected the capital market development very significantly (R-square = 0.8266). (ii) The micro economics factors simultaneously affected the capital market development very significantly (R-square = 0.8015). (iii) The non economic factors simultaneously affected the capital market development very significantly (R-square = 0.7811). (vi) The effect of capital market development on gross domestic product was very significant (R-square = 0.7446). (v) Due to the general investors policy on the capital intensive investment, the effect of gross domestic product on unemployment rate was vefry significant (R-square = 0.9040). Based on the research findings, the followings were recommended: (i) Fiscal policy and monetary policy have to consider of capital market development,(ii) the enterprise have to take note of financial statements and (iii) give to protection for investors in the capital market.

PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO (PDB) DAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA (IPM) TERHADAP ANGKA KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA

Poverty is classic issue faced by most developing countries and is one of economic indicators to view public welfare level in any region. The research aimed to analyze effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and human development index on poverty in Indonesia. Analysis used quantitative with Random Effect Model (REM) method in Panel Data with time series year 2006 to 2008. Anaysis result concluded that all independent variable simultaneously had significant effect on poverty variable in Indonesia and partially Gross Domestic Product (GDP) variable had significant negative influence on poverty with α 20%, and Human Development Index (HDI) variable had significant negative influence on poverty with α 5%.