Education System In Pakistan Research Articles

Impact of English Language Coaching Classes in Pakistan: Bridging Educational Gaps and Socioeconomic Challenges

The education system in Pakistan faces challenges in effectively teaching English as a second language, prompting students to seek external support through coaching classes. This research explores the impact and implications of coaching classes on English language learning, examining their influence on academic performance and their emergence as a parallel education system. A mixed-method approach was adopted, utilizing surveys of 300 participants, in-depth interviews with 30 students, teachers, and parents, and classroom observations conducted in 10 schools and coaching centers. Quantitative analysis revealed that 75% of students attended coaching classes, with significant academic improvements in English performance noted for coached students compared to non-coached students (p < 0.05). Qualitative findings highlighted both the benefits and challenges: while coaching classes offer personalized attention and enhance exam preparation, they also impose a financial burden on families and reflect inadequacies in formal education. The research concludes that while coaching significantly enhances students’ English skills, it underscores the need for improvements within schools to provide more comprehensive language education. Addressing gaps in formal education could reduce over-reliance on coaching classes, ensuring more equitable access to language learning opportunities.

Problems of Education System in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis and Solution

Problems of Education System in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis and Solution

AN INVESTIGATION ON TRANSFORMING PAKISTAN'S EDUCATION SYSTEM: A PATH TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The education system in Pakistan has not been able to cater for the needs of its immense population. Through interviews with the national and state stakeholders, this study examines current efforts to reform system-building in place including unique successes and challenges encountered along the way as well as lessons learned for policy going forward. The research offers a consideration of current state and initiatives within educational reform, providing prospects for sustainable development in education. Curriculum improvement, teacher training policies & infrastructure building are some of notable attainments. Yet, enduring problems like inadequate funding, political instability and cultural resistance continue to slow advancements. The cartoon from my name is forgetful recommends cooperative approach involving all stakeholders along with the greater investment in education if long-term success and equity are to be assured for Pakistan's education system. In this linking, findings indicates that persistent effort of financial improvement should be perpetuated, ensuring cooperation and an equity-oriented approach must be continued to bring desired change towards an appropriate way.

The education system of pakistan: A recipe to disaster?

Education is the matter of life and death for any country. Unfortunately, Pakistan has not been able to develop a stable, up to date and just education system in the country till now. From 1947 to 2023, many major steps have been taken by the government but its implementation has been poor and unsatisfactory. A detailed analysis of all the problems in our education system has been discussed below. Also the immediate solutions to these problems have also been provided.

Integrating ICT in Private High School, Badin A Case Study

In this study, ICT integration at the instructional level was introduced in one school of Khoski District, Badin. This study aimed to investigate how ICT is integrated at the faculty level in an institution of a rural area of lower Sindh. A qualitative case study was an appropriate method for this study because it was focused on a real-life situation and the researchers had no control over the events. The data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, observations, and official documents. The selection of the participants was based on purposeful sampling. School faculty was chosen because the school was is in the process of ICT integration. Results suggested that to integrate ICT effectively in an institution there should be a proper technology integration plan with day wise agenda and a proper authorisation plan for management with an estimated budget. The government should take an interest in ICT integration with the help of NGOs and private school teams for a digitalized education system in Pakistan.

Sociology and Education: A Study on Higher Education in Pakistan

The research paper studied higher education in Pakistan from a sociological perspective. It examines how social factors affect higher education, with a focus on how higher education can either promote social mobility or lead to social reproduction. The study addresses how sociological theories may help us comprehend higher education challenges such as access to quality and efficiency, the importance of education, insufficient research activities, and discrepancies in educational attainment and retention based on class, race, and gender. This study aims to analyze the education system in Pakistan and identify the challenges that hinder the achievement of higher education opportunities. It investigates the historical, cultural, and institutional contexts that shape these fields and their interrelationships. This study draws material from the literature that has already been published. This research aims to emphasize how sociology and education can complement each other in advancing our understanding of human behavior and society.

Gender Inequality and Poverty: The Role of Financial Development in Mitigating Poverty in Pakistan

AbstractPoverty and gender inequality are among the major issues in developing countries that can hinder their economic progress and human development. Hence, this research is designed to investigate the impact of financial development on gender imbalance and poverty in the context of Pakistan controlling a number of other variables using the Bayer and Hanck cointegration method and the ARDL bound test on the data from 1985 to 2022. The results of the study indicated cointegration among the variables. The long-run estimates unfolded that financial development decreases the gender imbalance (gender inequality) in the context of Pakistan; however, it boosts poverty levels in the country. In the context of control variables, we found that education is helpful in decreasing gender inequality in Pakistan while economic growth boosts gender inequality. Moreover, economic growth is a reliable tool to decrease the poverty level in Pakistan, and reducing gender inequality can help to alleviate poverty levels in the country. Surprisingly, education is mounting poverty level in Pakistan indicating that the education system in Pakistan is not providing quality education to poor people. Based on these results, the study suggests that government can focus on developing a strategic plan to decrease gender inequality and poverty by introducing suitable policies in the context of the financial sector, education, and economic growth.

Adaptation of Outcome-Based Education System in Pakistan for Engineering Disciplines and its Critical Evaluation

Pakistan has become a part of the Washington Accord in 2017 and started making reforms in its education sector. Outcome-Based Education (OBE) has been emphasized by Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) for the accreditation of all engineering degree programs. This paper presents some basic literature on the existing educational models in the world and the Outcome Based Education-OBE structure that has been implemented in Pakistan yet. Pakistan has successfully designed the Program Education Objectives (PEOs) and Program Learning Objectives (PLOs) for the academic sector. PEOs are the mission/vision statements that define the career and professional goals which the program is preparing students to achieve. PLOs are the quantifiable statements that define the knowledge and skills expertise of the students upon graduation ceremony. A survey has been conducted by employers to assess the skill level of fresh graduates against 12 PLOs of the OBE system in Pakistan. Of these, the PLOs related to four measurable statements namely: (i) Problem Analysis, (ii) Design of Solutions, (iii) Investigation, and (iv) Environment & Sustainability are found underperformance as surveyed from the industry sector following the performance of freshly graduated students. The survey also includes the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) evaluation of faculty members both from the department heads and the students too. This result shows underperformance of 15 % of the teaching faculty as per prescribed grading ranges. However, the OBE faces some difficulties as well and unfortunately, there are not so many graduates who entered into the industry after learning from OBE. It will, therefore, take some time to deliver the results of OBE implementation in Pakistan. Furthermore, some other education reforms from around the globe have been presented in this paper and some suggestions have been provided.

Analyzing the Mediating Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the Relationship between HRM Practices and Intellectual Capital in Educational Settings in Pakistan

Human resource management practices are receiving increasing attention in both public and private institutions. Organizations must implement these practices to promote organizational citizenship behavior among staff. These practices create a culture that values and understands OCB, which is beneficial for the development of intellectual capital in schools. The present study examines the relationship between human resource management practices, organizational citizenship behavior, and intellectual capital in schools, using the resource-based view theory. This is a quantitative study, and data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 66 items. An online Google form was used for data collection due to the COVID-19 pandemic and school closures in targeted districts. 248 out of 410 respondents participated in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS-22 and the results showed that all three variables (HRMP, OCB, and IC) are positively correlated with each other. However, OCB partially mediates the relationship between HRMP and IC. These findings provide valuable insights for educational managers, school principals, and policymakers to improve the education system in Pakistan.

Educational Development and Educational Policies in Pakistan from 1971 to 1977: An Analysis

Education is the most important tool available in modern times for the improvement of civilizations and nationalities. Since the country's founding, education and education policies in Pakistan have both been subject to continuous development and adjustment. The primary objective of this research paper is to gain an understanding of the important developments that occurred in educational policies under the administration of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto from 1971 to 1977. Finding the outcomes of the research is accomplished through the application of qualitative research methods and procedures. Data for this research is collected both in the form of primary and secondary sources. The educational system was one of the areas that was impacted by Bhutto's nationalization policy. The educational reforms have been considered within the context of the nationalization paradigm; nonetheless, the educational reforms have had a more significant influence on the education system in Pakistan. It is recommended that the education policies to be implemented with true spirit and innovations to be introduced in educational policies.

An Investigation into Strategies Reinforcing Students’ Participation in English Language Classrooms at BS Level in Kohat, Pakistan

Although teachers encourage their students to actively participate in the classroom, many of them are still reluctant to participate. However, scholarly research regarding strategies that enhance classroom participation is largely missing in this regard. This study aims to explore different strategies that encourage the participation of students in English language classes, as English holds a prominent place in the education system of Pakistan. Overall, 150 BS English students were selected through a technique of simple random sampling. A sequential explanatory mixed-method research design was followed in this study. The analysis of the questionnaire was conducted through SPSS, and interviews were reviewed through the content analysis method. The results of the study revealed several strategies, such as the use of cold calling, allowing the use of some Urdu, awarding marks, giving adequate wait time, and assigning group or pair work, can enhance students’ participation in the classroom

Role of socioeconomic and parental involvement factors on children foundational learning skills based on MICS (2017–2018) data Punjab, Pakistan

Developing countries lack studies investigated the socioeconomic and parental role on students’ learning skills. This study is helpful to detect bottlenecks in the foundational learning skills (reading skills and numeracy skills) in the education system of Pakistan. Reading skills of children are found better who had no functional disabilities. Mothers with higher education had a significant positive contribution toward children learning skills. Children deprived of books for reading in appropriate language had a negative impact on their reading skills. Rich children had predominantly higher possibilities of good learning skills than poor children. Parents who had not attended children’s school to discuss child progress had a significantly negative effect on children’s numeracy skills. Overall parental involvement in some forms had insignificantly improved children reading and numeracy skills in Punjab, Pakistan.

The Impact of Online Education System at Student's and Teacher's During Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

This study aims to describe the impact of the online education system on students and teachers during the covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan. The research method uses qualitative research, namely literature studies by examining the results of previous research related to the implementation of the existing education system in Pakistan. There are several research results to be studied, which provide a description of policies in the implementation of education during the covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Data analysis techniques use descriptive qualitative analysis, with reference to Miles & Hubberman's analysis, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the online education system during the covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan, includes 1) the availability of gadgets, insufficient online learning materials, no access or slow internet speed, and the shedding of burdens, this negatively affects the study of students in terms of minimum participation or absence of students and attendance in online classes, 2) online learning cannot produce the desired results in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan, where most students are unable to access the internet due to technical as well as monetary issues, 3) challenges faced by school teachers in providing online lessons through Google Classroom, Zoom, and Microsoft Teams such as high-cost Internet packages, uncooperative learners, low attendance of learners, trust in teacher technology, limited availability of educational resources, lack of ICT knowledge, and poor network infrastructure.

Learner Autonomy: Effectiveness and Challenges at Intermediate Level in Punjab, Pakistan

The effectiveness of learner autonomy with respect to second language acquisition has been investigated by various researchers all over the world. Still, it is not given adequate attention in Pakistan, where language proficiency is mostly a matter of developing expertise in writing skills. The education system in Pakistan is highly teacher-centered. It is based on delivering instructions through traditional methods that compel students to do nothing but merely listen to the lecture, passively. Later on, they are evaluated solely on the basis of their performance in the written exam. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness and challenges of introducing learner autonomy in developing writing skills at intermediate level in ESL classrooms in Punjab, Pakistan. Learner autonomy works in three major areas. Firstly, it aims at enhancing the effectiveness of learning in short- and long-term language learning contexts. Secondly, it lowers the barriers between language learners and learning contexts. Thirdly, it transforms language learners into useful and effective individuals. The research sample comprised the intermediate students of Sialkot district. For the current study, a total of 120 female students of intermediate were selected. Experimental research design was used. The students were divided into two groups: control and experimental. Control group was taught the lecture using the existing teacher-centered approach. Experimental group was taught through autonomous activities using student-centered approach in order to develop learner autonomy in them. Lesson plans were designed and paired sample t-test was employed for the analysis of pre-tests and post-tests . The results revealed that the students of control group, who were taught by the lecture method, showed better results in their post-tests. On the contrary, students of experimental group, who were taught using a student-centered approach to develop learner autonomy, showed a remarkably small growth in their post-tests. The researchers observed that there was relatively low harmony and collaboration in between students and teachers, while pursuing for learner autonomy. They also conducted participants’ observations and interviews for data triangulation. They observed that most of the teachers do not want to promote learner autonomy and remain stuck with the traditional lecture method in order to ensure the success of the participants in written examination. The current research will help the teachers and students to remove the barriers and promote learner autonomy for the real acquisition of the English language.
 Keywords: English as Second Language (ESL), lecture method, learner autonomy, student-centered approach

Literacy, Poverty and Trade Openness in Pakistan: An Empirical Investigation

Purpose: Education plays a vital role in improving the standard of living of the masses by providing them with better job opportunities and future earnings. This study has attempted to investigate the impact of the literacy rate on poverty in Pakistan. Methodology: This study is based on secondary data and has employed the Johansen Cointegration and VECM technique for empirical investigation. Headcount ratio is a dependent variable, employed as a proxy for poverty. In the present study, explanatory variables are literacy rate, trade openness, FDI and inflation rate.
 Findings: The empirical findings from the study show that literacy rate and trade openness show a negative relationship with poverty in Pakistan. However, inflation shows a positive relationship with poverty.
 Policy Implications: The study suggests that policymakers should initiate suitable measures to improve the education system in Pakistan. There is a dire need of increasing the enrolment rate at the primary level and special check on the drop-out ratio in public schools.

Dynamic programming approach for fuzzy linear programming problems FLPs and its application to optimal resource allocation problems in education system

This research is about the development of a dynamic programming model for solving fuzzy linear programming problems. Initially, fuzzy dynamic linear programming model FDLP is developed. This research revises the established dynamic programming model for solving linear programming problems in a crisp environment. The mentioned approach is upgraded to address the problem in an uncertain environment. Dynamic programming model can either be passing forward or backward. In the proposed approach backward dynamic programming approach is adopted to address the problem. It is then followed by implementing the proposed method on the education system of Pakistan. The education system of Pakistan comprises of the Primary, Middle, Secondary, and Tertiary education stages. The problem is to maximize the efficiency of the education system while achieving the targets with minimum usage of the constrained resources. Likewise the model tries to maximize the enrollment in the Primary, Middle, Secondary and Tertiary educational categories, subject to the total available resources in a fuzzy uncertain environment. The solution proposes that the enrollment can be increased by an amount 9997130, by increasing the enrollment in the Middle and Tertiary educational categories. Thus the proposed method contributes to increase the objective function value by 30%. Moreover, the proposed solutions violate none of the constraints. In other words, the problem of resources allocation in education system is efficiently managed to increase efficiency while remaining in the available constrained resources. The motivation behind using the dynamic programming methodology is that it always possesses a numerical solution, unlike the other approaches having no solution at certain times. The proposed fuzzy model takes into account uncertainty in the linear programming modeling process and is more robust, flexible and practicable.

Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown on Engineering Education System; A Survey Based Case Study in Pakistan

The education system in Pakistan is suffering a lot of challenges in this modern world of advanced technologies. The engineering and technical education system is implementing modern techniques to improve the quality of education. The current disaster of coronavirus has badly affected the operation of engineering education in Pakistan, and student and faculty members are suffering from several issues in implementing a successful online education of digital semester. Each stakeholder has their own problems to make online education efficient. A questionnaire survey has been conducted with students as well as faculty members of engineering disciplines from different institutions. Different problems and issues are discussed with both stakeholders to observe the flaws which have been suffered by Pakistan’s higher education in the engineering sector. The effect of teacher’s academic profile, their attitude, professional field experience and advanced skills were discussed with 1000 students randomly. Similarly, 100 faculty members were questioned regarding the problems of the digital education system and pandemic effects on their performance. Various observations are concluded with this short survey-based research, and some suggestions are provided to improve the quality of education in this pandemic situation. The proposed solutions include the training sessions for teachers to get quipped with digital technologies, enforcement of lab sessions by opening all institutions at least one day a week, and professional experience requirements for the eligibility of academic staff.

Effects of Curriculum in Pakistan at Primary Level

The study is aimed at the effects of the curriculum in Pakistan at the primary level. Following were the main objectives of this study, to recognize the central problems of the primary education system in Pakistan. This study is descriptive in nature of district Lahore. Methods and procedures research methodology. This research study attempts to explore the main causes of the problems of the primary education system in Pakistan. 4 District Punjab. Sampling, the entire 100 students were as a sample of the study. Data will be collected and tabulated, interpreted, and analyzed in terms of the percentage. So, the conclusion will be drawn recommendations will for further research on this topic. The questionnaire was personally curriculum at the primary level by the researchers to all the respondents included in the sample. Because of this study, researchers would like to make the following findings. An understanding of the need for communication and transport as essential elements in development strongly agreed 90%, Agreed 60%, neutral 10% strongly disagreed 05% and disagree 07%. In light of the analysis of data and findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn. To promote intellectual development of the child which includes literacy in languages, numeracy in Mathematics, inquiry in Science, problem-solving in Social Studies and inculcating values in Islamite strongly agreed 60%, Agreed 90%, neutral 20% strongly disagreed 10% and disagree 10%. Because of the findings and conclusions of this study, researchers would like to make the following recommendations. Every teacher possesses a vision. The same may be encouraged and promoted.

Madaris in Pakistan: Religious and Social Challenges

Purpose: The nature and extent of religious and social challenges posed by the madaris have been studied by scholars on a micro level, but there is a need of methodologically investigating of the problems on a macro and global levels by using a multi-disciplinary and collaborative approach to readdress these issues. The purpose of this research paper is to find out the role of for causing militancy in Pakistan and to recommend measures/strategies for de-radicalization in Pakistan.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Agenda setting, priming and farming theories were used in this study. Qualitative content analysis method was used in this study to analyze the editorial policy of these three newspapers.
 Findings: The results revealed that all these three newspapers gave significant coverage to the peace talks issue but Nation gave more coverage to the issue. Findings also revealed that Dawn and The News, most of the time showed neutral behavior but tilted towards unfavorable position regarding peace talks. Nation showed strongly unfavorable behavior regarding peace talks.
 Implications/Originality/Value: So it is concluded that the government should take steps to take madaris in main stream education system in Pakistan. The funding should be checked and audited.

THE URDU AND ENGLISH MEDIUM DIVIDE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

English and Urdu languages are used in Pakistan as official languages for spoken and written communication. In the education system of Pakistan, a linguistic divide exists, and it divided the Pakistani education system into two streams known as English medium and Urdu medium. In Pakistan, Government schools, colleges, and universities are Urdu medium and offer very low-price education to the poorer and middle-class communities whereas English medium schools, colleges, and Universities are owned by private organizations and offer education to economically well-off societies. The said disparity in the education system created self-identities and linguistic capital. Qualitative methodology and thematic data analysis techniques were used to prepare proper report findings to comprehend how scholars’ experiment and make their own opinions keeping in mind the past and present situations of education viz-a-viz social impact of English language learning. In this study, it is also recommended how inequalities and language discrimination can be removed in the government language policies. Keywords: English, Urdu, English-Urdu divide, English learning, Language challenges.