Abstract
English and Urdu languages are used in Pakistan as official languages for spoken and written communication. In the education system of Pakistan, a linguistic divide exists, and it divided the Pakistani education system into two streams known as English medium and Urdu medium. In Pakistan, Government schools, colleges, and universities are Urdu medium and offer very low-price education to the poorer and middle-class communities whereas English medium schools, colleges, and Universities are owned by private organizations and offer education to economically well-off societies. The said disparity in the education system created self-identities and linguistic capital. Qualitative methodology and thematic data analysis techniques were used to prepare proper report findings to comprehend how scholars’ experiment and make their own opinions keeping in mind the past and present situations of education viz-a-viz social impact of English language learning. In this study, it is also recommended how inequalities and language discrimination can be removed in the government language policies. Keywords: English, Urdu, English-Urdu divide, English learning, Language challenges.
Highlights
In Pakistan, more than 74 languages are spoken
This study aims to discover how the division of English-Urdu medium in the Higher Education of colleges of Punjab, roadblocks to getting academic opportunities, and future opportunities
Findings of the study Pakistan's education system serves as a cultural proliferation agent and supports affluent students increases their probabilities of achievement and suppresses students from marginalized communities
Summary
In Pakistan, more than 74 languages are spoken. In Pakistan, Urdu has been declared as national language under its 1973 constitution. The English language is mostly used for official correspondence. The true picture of the English and Urdu languages is that both are widely used and recognized in Pakistan (Manan & David, 2014; Rahman, 2008). Both the languages gain their worth in the linguistic market. The Urdu language is used everywhere in Pakistan for communication and speaking and the English language is mostly used in Pakistan for official correspondence (Rahman, 2004). The English language is the gatekeeper to enter Higher Education (Rahman, 2019). The elite class families, use English language for daily life communication
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