East Of Ukraine Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN UKRAINE AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT

Analysis of the UAV market and prospects for its development. The purpose of the work is to clearly demonstrate the number of UAV manufacturers and the direction of their application.
 The work will make it possible to visually demonstrate the products of the main developers and fill the gaps in production that were identified in the existing military segment of the market of unmanned aerial vehicles manufactured in Ukraine. The article examines and analyzes the materials on the distribution of the UAV market in the civil and defense spheres. The main attention is paid to the defense sphere, where functional classifications and classifications according to the purpose of UAVs are defined. The allocation of state support funds for contracts for the purchase of new models of unmanned aerial vehicles was considered. The drones that are produced the most and the least are determined. A change in the vector of UAV production is predicted due to the change in the nature of hostilities in the south and east of Ukraine. The direction of further research is proposed, which can be as an additional consideration in the set of selected indicators of additional technical characteristics that affect the combat capabilities of UAVs, as well as consideration of cost indicators.

МІЖНАРОДНА ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПОЗИЦІЯ УКРАЇНИ В КРИЗОВИХ УМОВАХ

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of crisis phenomena on the volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ukraine. In the context of global economic dynamics and the interconnection of international markets, the role of FDI in ensuring sustainable economic growth is analyzed and their importance for the country's development is revealed (based on the GDP indicator). Variants are given that reflect the dependence between crisis phenomena and the volume of foreign direct investments. The indicators published on the World Bank's website and used at the international level to assess net inflows and net outflows of foreign direct investments are described. The correlation of the dynamics of changes in the analyzed indicators of Ukraine against the background of changes in similar indicators of the EU countries and the world is visually presented for the studied period of 1994-2022, which made it possible to conclude the nature of crisis phenomena that influenced the change in the trend. The results of the study provided a general idea of the negative impact of crisis phenomena on the dynamics of foreign direct investment. The analysis made it possible to single out external (international, global) and internal crisis phenomena. External crisis phenomena (the global financial crisis of 2008-2009; the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021) took place in many countries of the world and the European Union and caused a decrease in FDI due to economic recession, financial uncertainty, reduced availability of capital, uncertainty in business environments. Internal crisis phenomena were related to the economy and politics conducted in Ukraine, as well as caused by the military conflict with Russia (the Russian annexation of Crimea, the military conflict in the East of Ukraine, the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian war), which created uncertainty, risks and negative conditions for investing in Ukraine. The conclusions of the article are aimed at emphasizing the importance of understanding the mechanisms of the impact of crisis phenomena on FDI and the need to develop strategies to ensure stability and sustainable growth of FDI in conditions of uncertainty and the negative impact of external and internal factors.

Geopolitical «Borderliness» as a Factor in Ukraine’s Positioning in International Relations: the Experience of Ukrainian Discourse at the Beginning of the XXI Century

The article considers the problem of the phenomenon of geopolitical «borderliness» as a factor in the positioning of Ukraine in international relations within the Ukrainian scientific discourse of the early XXI century. The definition of the concept of geopolitical «borderliness» has been presented. It is shown that Ukraine is an average regional power, which is characterized by a «borderliness» geopolitical position. On the modern Ukrainian territory, the Euro-Atlantic, Eurasian, Islamic massif and, accordingly, the «super-ethnic frontiers» of the Western European, Slavic and Islamic civilizations intersect. Concepts of the genesis of ideological and sociocultural differences within Ukrainian society in the regional dimension have been characterized. It is substantiated that the foreign policy orientation of Ukraine has always been a derivative of the interaction of the Euro-Atlantic, Eurasian and Black Sea (South-Eastern) paradigms, which necessitates adherence to the «orientation priority» in international political positioning. It follows from this that it is expedient for the Ukrainian state to be guided by a non-bloc strategy. According to Ukrainian researchers, the entry of Ukraine into allied relations with one of the competing poles can lead to a strategic conflict with another center of power and negative consequences for Ukrainian statehood. To prevent this from happening, Ukraine was recommended to pursue a foreign policy on the basis of a neutral status and the principles of «optimal multi-vector approach». This was confirmed by the Ukrainian sociological research. The geopolitical and socio-cultural «borderliness» determines the «split» of Ukrainian society, which is manifested in the foreign policy orientations of residents of different regions. According to Ukrainian sociologists, traditionally the majority of the population of the West of Ukraine and about half of the Center supported the European integration vector. At the same time, about half of the inhabitants of the Center and the majority of the population of the South and East of Ukraine were supporters of the development of relations with Russia and the Eurasian vector of integration. As the only option for foreign policy positioning that would unite the Ukrainian society of different regions, the achievement of national agreement through a compromise was noted, this was possible only if Ukraine pursued a policy of neutrality and «optimal multi-vector approach».

Control over the stability of banking activity during war in Ukraine

This article is devoted to control (supervision and regulation) in the field of banking activity and its condition in Ukraine during the deployment and spread of the military aggression of the Russian Federation in relation to Ukraine and in the current period (the large-scale Russian-Ukrainian war that began on February twenty-fourth, two thousand and twenty the second year and continues to this day).
 The state in general, and especially during the period of martial law, is entrusted with strict control (supervision and regulation) in the field of banking activity, since this sector is very important due to the fact that it is the basis of the stable development of the economy of any state. However, well-known crises that occurred earlier and occur quite often these days testify to the imperfection of regulation and supervision in the field of banking activity. So, for example, one of the last most painful crises, which, unfortunately, is still ongoing, began back in the year 2014 during the deployment of the «hybrid war» of the Russian Federation against the integrity of Ukraine in the East of Ukraine and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The specified crisis is a vivid example of the imperfection of supervision and regulation of the economic sector, and especially of the regulation of the banking system, including the administrative regulation of banking activity.
 In the light of the above, there is an urgent need to reform this institute, taking into account the experience of foreign countries that successfully exercise control in the field of banking during the period of martial law in the state.
 The article highlights the issue of research into the main causes of economic decline, which are the result of military conflicts, and ways to overcome crises in the post-war period. Special attention is paid to the stability of the banking sector of the economy, which has a significant impact on the entire economy of the country, during protracted military conflicts. The reasons for the emergence, development and possible ways of avoiding the collapse of the economy have been studied. A significant part of the article is devoted to the study of possible ways of overcoming economic crises in the country and overcoming the decline of the banking sector during the war.

Psychological Aspects of Captivity in the War in the East of Ukraine

Psychological Aspects of Captivity in the War in the East of Ukraine

PROSPECTS OF CREATION AND USE OF MODELS OF WEAPONS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT

In order to achieve high efficiency in the use of military equipment in the conditions of hostilities, it is necessary to constantly support the training of specialists. The article examines the ways of using mock-ups of military equipment, taking into account the experience of using mock-up samples in the conditions of combat use, as well as when they are used as simulators for training specialists. The experience of modern local wars (conflicts and operations) shows that a significant role in achieving the goal of war is given to the development and training of qualified personnel. This, in turn, determines the objective necessity of creating mock-ups of models of equipment that could be used during the training (re- and re-training) of specialists. High efficiency in the use of military equipment cannot be achieved without support at a high level of the skills and abilities of specialists. The experience gained during the anti-terrorist operation and the operation of the joint forces in the east of Ukraine and the open military attack of the russian federation indicates the relevance of tasks related to the implementation of new organizational and technical solutions and approaches to the training of the military, using models of military equipment and models of weapon simulators , taking into account the real conditions of its use. Thus, the relevance of the research lies in the fact that at the current stage, in the conditions of combat use, there is a need to create and actively use samples of military equipment. The purpose of the article is to determine the most important possibilities and mechanisms of the system of creating and using samples of military equipment.
 Regarding development prospects, it is worth noting that the experience of modern local wars (conflicts and operations) shows that it is now relevant to create and use models of military equipment to strengthen one's position in the process of training professional military personnel.
 Summarizing the above, it should be noted that the use of models of military equipment in the training of military specialists will help to obtain the ability of both quick and high-quality training taking into account the real conditions of its use and high efficiency in the conditions of combat use, namely to mislead the enemy.

Determination of factors of maximum influence on the occurrence of fires in conditions of limited a priori information in the war zone in the east of Ukraine

The expediency of using the inverted Floyd–Warshall algorithm for a deeper study of factors of maximum influence on the occurrence and development of fires in the war zones of Donetsk and Lugansk oblasts is shown. It relates to the fact that fire is one of the important parameters of the monitoring system that affects the ecological situation in the region. However, in the absence of a priori information about fires and hostilities, the formation of a set of factors influencing the occurrence and development of fires in the region is a laborious process. The primary assessment of a priori information allows generalising and averaging the factors that influence the occurrence of fires in these regions. The inverted Floyd–Warshall algorithm is a simple algorithm to implement, although to eliminate errors in mathematical calculations and to form adjacency matrices, a program code was developed in the Python programming language. Using the built-in visualisation software tools, a weighted oriented graph of factors influencing fires was built; the weights of these factors, determined at the initial stage, are also indicated on the edges of the graph. An adjacency matrix has been compiled, which contains information about the presence or absence of links between graph vertices. The factors of maximum influence on the occurrence and development of fires in Donetsk and Lugansk oblasts are determined, considering the specifics of the area and the results of hostilities. The results of the algorithm confirmed that hostilities create a fire hazard situation in the region. Due to the lack of a complete set of data, it becomes almost impossible to obtain results of mathematical calculations that are more accurate, since open-source data cannot provide errorless data on hostilities. For the same reason, the study area is not divided into separate segments in order to obtain more accurate results of mathematical calculations for each segment. Despite this, the software implementation of the inverted Floyd–Warshall algorithm is a universal method for solving the problem of finding and selecting factors of maximum and minimum influence on the occurrence of fires in environmental monitoring issues.

АНАЛІЗ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ПРОТИДІЇ БЕЗПІЛОТНИМ ЛІТАЛЬНИМ АПАРАТАМ

This scientific work examines the main approaches to the modern classification of unmanned aerial vehicles. It was noted that in the zone of full-scale invasion in the east of Ukraine, Russian troops and private military companies of Russia use them to solve strategic, operational and tactical tasks. It was noted that with the development of modern technologies, it became possible to manufacture unmanned aerial vehicles with smaller dimensions, but with better capabilities for conducting constant reconnaissance, delivering massive surprise strikes using barrage ammunition, which made it much more difficult to fight them with air defense means and forces. All this is because traditional types of air defense weapons are designed to destroy large and distant targets, while modern drones consist of nano-, micro- and mini-devices flying at low and super low altitudes. Various means of destroying unmanned aerial vehicles were considered, a comparative analysis of modern countermeasures against unmanned aerial vehicles was carried out, and conclusions were drawn regarding the possibility of their comprehensive use in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In this paper, an analysis of the possibilities of reducing the effectiveness of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the hybrid war waged by Russia in Ukraine today was carried out, the trends of the combat use of unmanned aerial vehicles in solving combat tasks in modern combat were revealed. This article also considers the possibilities of countering unmanned aerial vehicles that are controlled by an operator through control channels that are controlled automatically and with combined control. As a result of the conducted research, the possibilities for their destruction by various means of fire destruction were determined. Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicles, analysis, hybrid warfare, countermeasures, classification, trends, effectiveness, combat tasks, operator, control channels, research.

A clinical case of using the concept of monitoring in the treatment of a gunshot defect of the soft tissues of the knee joint

Rapid rehabilitation and restoration of the function of damaged anatomical areas in the military is the main goal of military medicine. In the case of gunshot wounds of the knee joint with defects of soft tissues, one of the optional methods of reconstructive and plastic "closure" is the usage of a propeller flap. The clinical case represents a mine-explosive wound of the lower extremities with a defect of the soft tissues of the lateral aspect of the right knee joint in a serviceman of the Ukrainian Armed Forces as a result of artillery shelling in the east of Ukraine in November 2022. There was an isolated shrapnel tangential non-penetrating wound on the lateral aspect of the right knee joint with a soft tissue defect measuring 7.2x3.2-1.0 cm. The aim of the work was to study the thermographic and sonographic features of soft tissue perfusion after gunshot injuries of the lower extremities and on the basis of the temperature dynamics data from the wound surface in combination with the sonographic examination of the vessels to determine the rationality and relevance in the reconstruction of defects of the lower extremities by propeller tactics. Reconstruction with flap with a perforating vessel as the "key" of LSGA (lateral superior genicular artery) and a dynamic multimodal concept (DMT) with the use of audio doppler in the pre-, intra- and postoperative period) with closure of the defect due to a rotary perforating flap with supplying was carried out. During the entire period of treatment, of the injured the temperature background from the surface of the flap was followed up using FLIR C2, and sonographic changes in blood flow were monitored in the projection of the LSGA location. We came to the conclusion that applying the technique of flaps on perforating vessels, several goals are tactically achieved: restoration of the completeness and function of the damaged area, reduction of complications in the recipient and donor areas. Thus, the propeller flap can be classified as a primary option for "replacemen t" of tissues among the restorative tactics of the damaged area of the lower extremities caused by a gunshot origin.

Problems of Plants Revitalization in the East of Ukraine After the War

The article is devoted to the actual problem of reconstruction and repurposing of warravaged industrial territories in the East of Ukraine. Given that these are industrial areas, the revitalization experience of recent years was analyzed using the example

Determining ideology through translation*

Abstract Based on the premise that journalistic translation functions as a gatekeeping force, this study uses Thematic Content Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis to analyse translation decisions of UNIAN, a leading news agency in Ukraine owned by oligarch Ihor Kolomoisky, in order to ‘reconstruct’ its ideological agenda. The findings indicate that, as regards international matters, the ideology promoted by UNIAN is oriented towards Ukrainian national interests. This conclusion follows from the dominant themes of the translated articles – such as the Russian aggression in the east of Ukraine, Ukraine’s relationship with the new US administration, and the EU’s attitude to Russia – and from ideological shifts in the target texts. Domestically, however, UNIAN appears to be at least partially pro-oligarchic, since the corruption and reform theme is downplayed in the translations, even though it was widely discussed in western press at the time when the corpus for the study was collected.

Виклики металургійної галузі України в умовах сьогодення

The relevance of the study is due to the full-scale invasion of the territory of our country by the enemy, which led to the suspension of the work of most Ukrainian metallurgical enterprises in the East of Ukraine, and caused a significant decrease in planned indicators and production volumes. The constant attacks on energy infrastructure also negatively affected the operations of such enterprises. Since March 2022, mining and metals companies in the government-controlled areas of Ukraine have continued to operate at a loss. Compared to the pre-war period, the utilization of steel mills in 2022 fell by 85% on average. The article characterizes the main challenges of the metallurgical industry with the beginning of russia's full-scale invasion; the dynamics of metallurgical production indicators for ten years from 2012 to 2021 in the pre-war period, and quarterly volumes for 2022-2023 since the beginning of the war in terms of iron and steel production, including the dynamics of exports of metallurgical products, are studied. The necessary post-war directions as vectors for the development of the metallurgical industry are highlighted. The study on this topic allowed us to identify the following new challenges and obstacles to the development of the Ukrainian metallurgical industry as a result of the full-scale invasion of Ukrainian lands by the occupier: production shutdown and destruction of industrial infrastructure; shortage of working capital; logistical constraints; and lack of energy resources. Based on the above factors and the challenges faced by the Ukrainian economy during the year of the war, the following important and necessary vectors for the development of the metallurgical industry after our victory and the end of the war have been identified: the restoration of the steel industry as a leading sector of the national economy to ensure rapid growth in demand for steel structures to rebuild destroyed cities and villages; the restoration of stable energy supply and liberation from the occupation of the territories with metallurgical plants will allow restoring the full capacity of these enterprises, and, as a result, increase the volume of exports of metal products to the EU and other countries; attracting investments in the restoration of housing and machine-building infrastructure will help increase demand for metal products; facilitating access to Ukrainian goods to their markets by many countries will have a positive impact on the progress in the development of the Ukrainian steel industry.

Rescaling the legal dimensions of grey zones: Evidence from Ukraine

AbstractThe Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 ended the hybrid stage of conflict that emerged in 2014, following the Russian illegal annexation of Crimea and proxy aggression in East Ukraine. Empirical data demonstrate a two‐fold interplay between grey zone strategies and applicable rules. ‘Lawfare’ instruments affect jus ad bellum, permitting multiple political choices and the deployment of different means of hybrid warfare. A grey zone conflict itself develops conflicting and overlapping sets of rules supported by different actors. Eventually, additional rules may emerge due to the actions or interactions of conflicting parties; these rules focus on conflict management or settlement.

Tensions in Cultural Identity and Sense of Belonging for Internally Displaced Adolescents in Ukraine

ABSTRACT This article examines the cultural, educational and mental health consequences of large-scale internal displacement for children and adolescents from the Donbas to other parts of Ukraine. The research findings and methodological innovations of the study are discussed in the context of forced migration and displacement caused by the previous (2014) armed conflict in East Ukraine and Donbas with additional challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Our data collection was halted by the military action in Ukraine that started in February 2022 that has caused another wave of forced migration. We reflect on the experience gained from conducting research on sensitive topics of displacement using online methods in the environment of restricted access to schools and adolescents. The adolescents who were interviewed described their experiences of displacement, which for some had taken place nearly eight years before. Trauma from conflict and displacement can have mental health, educational and social consequences for displaced adolescents. These displaced young people and their families face, as internally displaced populations, a double-edged sword in their relationship with their new contexts. They often have numerous challenges in their settling in a new location and public sphere given the existing ethnic, cultural and language diversity of Ukraine and yet have the advantage of being able to adopt and adapt to their new socio-cultural contexts relatively quickly and minimise their pre-migration identities, if they so wish.

Twice displaced, but unconquered: The experience of reviving a Ukrainian university during the war

A new wave of relocation of universities from the war zone has resulted from the negative consequences of the hostilities and the temporary occupation of the territories of Ukraine by the russian federation. The challenges of today have a multidirectional impact, especially on universities that have been displaced twice. The relocation of each university is a unique experience, and academic management is the object of modern scientific research. Therefore, the paper aims to highlight the experience of gaining resilience and developing the sustainability of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University (hereinafter V. Dahl EUNU) during the evacuation in 2014 from the city of Luhansk to the town of Severodonetsk, and in 2022 along the entire movement path to the city of Kyiv. It is determined that the main resources are human and social capital, which allow not only counteractong the challenges of martial law, but also ensuring the restoration of the system and its further development. The introduction of digitalization of the educational process, and work on the development of values and reputation are identified as the main tools for survival in dangerous war conditions. According to the results of the study, it was proved that in the conditions of martial law, the university acquired new qualities and developed the capacity for resilience. The ability of V. Dahl EUNU to use its strengths to overcome dangers and obstacles and to choose strong strategies focused on recovery and development was considered.

КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ

The article substantiates the main problems affecting the state and development of the labor potential of the regions of Ukraine and the state as a whole. Theoretical and methodological aspects and the evolution of approaches to the study of the essence and assessment of the labor potential of the region are highlighted. The author’s approach to the interpretation of the structure of the labor potential of the region with the justification of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics is proposed, methodological tools for assessing the state of the labor potential of the region are developed. The methodology was tested on official statistical data on the regions of Ukraine for 2020. Based on the analysis of the obtained integral characteristics, the regions of Ukraine were grouped, taking into account the qualitative and quantitative components of the labor potential. Spatial regularities in the placement of the labor potential of the territories of Ukraine are revealed. Most regions of the southwestern part of Ukraine are characterized by high levels of the qualitative component of the labor potential (mainly due to high health indicators) and high levels of the quantitative component of the labor potential, but it has been found that the existing labor potential in these regions is not used effectively. Large industrial regions in the east of Ukraine have a high level of the qualitative component, but an insufficient level of the quantitative component of the labor potential. The northern regions of the country are characterized by low indicators of both quantitative and qualitative components. Firstly, it concerns the Chernihiv and Sumy regions. Southern regions, such as Mykolaiv and Kherson regions, are characterized by high rates of the quantitative component of the labor potential against the background of a low level of the qualitative component. Kyiv is the only region with a high level of qualitative and quantitative component of labor potential. The results of the study can be used in the course of the implementation of the state regional policy, in the activities of municipal and regional governments when making strategic and operational decisions.

Psychological Service for Ukrainian School Students during the Russian Invasion: Experience of School Psychologists from Kryvyi Rih

Introduction: After eight years of the war in the East of Ukraine, two years of the COVID-19 pandemic with relevant lockdowns, and two months of bomb alerts, school students and school psychologists from Kryvyi Rih have been dealing with new brutal military actions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine since the 24th February 2022.
 Purpose: This paper focuses on School Psychological Services' changes and challenges caused by the Russian invasion. It assesses war-related psychological effects on school students and school psychologists from Kryvyi Rih.
 Method: Brief non-structured interviews and the survey.
 Results and Conclusions: After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, School Psychological Services in Kryvyi Rih continued their work remotely, often combining it with in-person meetings (48.5%) and other volunteer activities (27.9%). The surveyed school psychologists (n=48) informed they conducted more individual consultations and psychoeducation and fewer diagnostics than usual to address school students' changing needs in response to wartime. School psychologists felt more effective and involved with students when they believed they got enough support from colleagues and supervisors, learned crisis interventions, received clear guidance, and did not feel burnout. They appreciated current governmental guidance and felt their post-traumatic growth more when they were safe. After 1.5 months of the war, 43.8% of psychologists experienced burnout. At least a quarter needed additional education, psychological support, easily accessible supervision (especially short and rapid), and guidance for specific cases.

Analysis of normative and legal acts of Ukraine in the sphere of national patriotic education

Purpose. The purpose of the publication is the analysis and systematization of the main normative legal acts of Ukraine, which determine and regulate the state policy in the field of national and patriotic education. Method. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific, special scientific and historical methods, as well as the principles of historicism and objectivity. Results. It was established that as of the beginning of 2023, more than two dozen legal acts regulating the procedure of national-patriotic education are in force. It is significant that the lion's share of them are Presidential Decrees. It is important that certain normative legal acts were adopted after 2014 and are a direct reaction to the occupation of Crimea and military actions in the East of Ukraine. According to content and object of influence, they can be divided into several blocks: 1) laws determining the legal status of state symbols, in particular the national language; 2) laws and decrees on the celebration of certain memorable dates from national history and honoring the victims of totalitarian regimes, military conflicts, etc.; 3) state strategies of national-patriotic education and relevant presidential decrees or government programs regarding their implementation; 4) laws emphasizing the educational component, the role of educational institutions, and even the personal responsibility of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers for the implementation of national-patriotic education. Scientific novelty. It is proposed that the improvement of state policy in the field of national-patriotic education can be achieved through: the commitment of scientists, representatives of local self-government bodies, and government officials to the process of forming a single categorical and conceptual apparatus, which will become a road map and allow streamlining measures for national-patriotic education; due to the development of the level of legal culture of the population, strengthened information policy; diversification of approaches to the organization of national-patriotic education, and activation of the participation of mass media, representatives of culture, cinematography, music, show business, study and implementation of international experience regarding the implementation of responsibility for denigrating the importance of national culture, history, traditions of state-building; consideration of the issue of national-patriotic education as an element of national security. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in further legal studies, work of local and state authorities, which are responsible for the implementation of state policy in the field of national-patriotic education.

FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF THE TP53 GENE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM P72R (C>G) IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS OF THE EAST UKRAINIAN POPULATION

Recently, the role of stress-regulatory pathways in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated cardiovascular diseases has been widely investigated. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of polymorphic variants P72R (C>G) of the TP53 gene with the functional and metabolic characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients in the East Ukrainian population. Materials and methods. 50 T2DM patients (female/male: 21/29) aged 53.34±1.43 yrs., with diabetes duration of 6.25±0.89 yrs., HbA1c level of 7.12±0.21%, body mass index of 31.19±0.93 kg/m2, with waist-to-hip ratio of 0.96±0.01, with the presence of coronary heart disease in 38 cases, hypertension in 46 cases, and their combination in 37 cases. Characteristics of carbohydrate/lipid metabolism, parameters of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and a number of adipokines were determined in the subjects. Genotyping for single nucleotide polymorphism P72R (C>G) TP53 was performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction with appropriate primers and BstUI endonuclease. Testing of null hypotheses was carried out using the t, F and c2 criteria at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results. There was a noticeable tendency (P=0.05) to increase in frequency of the recessive allele G, mainly in men, which requires further extended studies. In addition, carriers of the minor genotype are characterized by a significantly younger age of T2DM manifestation. Under the statistically similar parameters that characterize the degree of obesity and glucose metabolism compensation, the connection of the G-allele with insulin resistance, both hepatic (HOMA-IR) and associated with adipose tissue (HOMA-IR/adiponectin, adiponectin/leptin) was observed. Carriers of the recessive allele are also characterized by an increased atherogenic coefficient relative to the dominant CC genotype, a significant decrease in the levels of adiponectin (total and high molecular weight) and omentin, and an increase in the levels of leptin and vaspin in the circulation. According to the recessive model, the presence of the G-allele is accompanied by a weak but probable increase in the levels of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (CC vs. CG+GG: 1.92±0.42 mg/l vs. 4.62±0.94 mg/l, P <0.05). The above suggests that the G-allele may be a predictor of a greater risk of cardiovascular disease development in patients with T2DM. Conclusions. It has been proven that the P72R polymorphism of the TP53 gene is functional for the East Ukrainian population, because against the background of a comparable degree of obesity and glucose metabolism compensation, carriers of the minor G-allele are characterized by a greater degree of insulin resistance and a proatherogenic shift in the hormonal activity of adipose tissue. A tendency to increase in frequency of the G-allele in men with type 2 diabetes was revealed, and it was determined that carriers of the minor genotype are characterized by a significantly younger age of diabetes manifestation. The obtained results substantiate the need for further research to assess the role of this polymorphism in the Ukrainian population.

Peculiarities of the course of demodicosis in domestic animals in a megalopolis in the east of Ukraine

Demodicosis in domestic animals occupies a leading place among dermatological diseases. It has considerable epizootological and social significance. Peculiarities of the manifestation of demodicosis in dogs and cats were studied in the city of Kharkiv during 2017–2021. Doberman Pinscher, mestizo, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Staffordshire Terrier, and outbred animals were the most commonly affected by demodicosis, accounting for 61.6% of the total number of patients. The lowest number of animals with demodicosis was registered in such breeds as Dalmatian, Great Dane, Caucasian Shepherd, Collie, Labrador, Husky, Pekingese, and Chow Chow with a total number of 4.6%. Demodicosis is most common in Persian white, European tiger, and Siamese colour point cats, accounting for 57.3%. Norwegian forest, Russian blue, and Oriental shorthair cats are rarely affected by demodicosis, accounting for 13.5% of all animals. Demodicosis most often affects animals aged from 2 months to 3 years in winter, and in summer and autumn, the incidence is lowest. Peculiarities of sexual predisposition of animals to demodicosis infection have not been established. The microbes affecting the skin of animals are transmitted by mites Demodex spp. and are represented by Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Candida spp., Rhizopus nigricans, Penicillum spp., Malassezia spp., Microsporum canis. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. occupy the largest percentage of the total number of isolated microorganisms – 74.7%, and Micrococcus spp. occupy the lowest percentage of isolated microorganisms (6.2%). Staphylococcal susceptibility to nine tetracycline drugs has shown a high level of resistance. The most effective antimicrobial agent for isolated cultures of staphylococci is amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid (89.7%) and vancomycin (100.0%). The objective of further research is to develop effective schemes for the prevention and treatment of pets with demodicosis.