East Of Ukraine Research Articles

RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE USE OF STATE BORDER GUARD SERVICE ASSETS IN COOPERATION WITH THE SECURITY AND DEFENCE FORCES OF UKRAINE

The article analyses the border guard scholars’ views on the algorithmisation and procedure for the use of State Border Guard Service of Ukraine’s assets, as well as the organisation of interaction with the security and defence forces to counteract enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups on the state border. The article reviews the scientific works on possible options for the use of state border guard units of the state border guard bodies while performing tasks related to state border protection and defence. It is established that the protection of the state border of Ukraine under current conditions is carried out under the legal regime of martial law. The war is ongoing in the East of Ukraine, and the rest of the country has seen a deterioration in the crime situation, and therefore the border guard detachment headquarters must be constantly prepared to work in such circumstances and, particularly, be ready to counteract the enemy’s sabotage and reconnaissance activities. Based on the above, we have identified a number of recommendations for the border guard detachment’s headquarters to organise special measures to search for and eliminate enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups and to involve the defence forces in these actions. Taking into account the latest risks and threats arising on the state border of Ukraine, as well as the approval of the “Military Security Strategy of Ukrain” perspective directions for further work improvement on ensuring reliable protection and defence of the state border of Ukraine and countering enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups on the state border are outlined, which can be reflected in the development of a wide range of algorithms for the actions of the head of the state border guard body, for localising situations of various genesis, as well as organizing interaction with units from the security and defence forces of Ukraine.

Engagement of higher education institutions with NGOs under transformations: experience of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University

Engagement of higher education institutions with NGOs under transformations: experience of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University

BASIC PROVISIONS OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF FIELD REPAIR TEAMS FOR THE RESTORATION OF DAMAGED WEAPONS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT OF THE ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE TROOPS OF THE AIR FORCES OF THE ARMED FORCES

Analysis of the performance of combat missions by military units and separate units of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the area of the Joint Forces operation in the east of Ukraine (anti-terrorist operation in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions) and during the full-scale armed aggression by the russian of the russian federation indicates a significant change in the modern forms and methods of use of troops (forces), which leads to the need to improve existing and find new ways of performing logistical support tasks, in particular, the restoration of damaged samples of weapons and military equipment. In the main provisions of the well-known methodology for determining the quantitative and qualitative composition of field repair brigades for the restoration of weapons and military groups of anti-aircraft missile units of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, damaged during the conduct of hostilities, the specifics of combat operations of units of anti-aircraft missile troops in modern armed conflicts and factors that can to influence the organization and implementation of logistical support for the repair and restoration of anti-aircraft missile weapons. A methodology for determining the quantitative and qualitative composition of field repair teams for the restoration of damaged weapons and military equipment of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was developed and proposed. The methodology is aimed at the use of logistical support bodies when conducting operational-tactical and logistical calculations at the stages of early, direct planning and conducting combat operations. The methodology is one of the components in the creation of a methodological apparatus for the functioning of the system of restoring weapons and military equipment, the process of supporting the decision on the logistical support of troops (forces) during the preparation and conduct of hostilities (military operations). This technique can be used as a basis for the development of similar techniques for assessing the possibility of restoring the armament and military equipment of other branches of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

IMPACT OF THE WAR IN THE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE 2014-2024 PERIOD ON THE MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL STATE OF STUDENTS

The military conflict in Ukraine became a serious test for our country and its population, marking the beginning in 2014 after the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the events in the east of Ukraine. Donetsk and Luhansk became centers of armed conflicts with illegal armed formations.
 In 2022, the situation only worsened, when the aggressor country launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, deepening the humanitarian crisis and increasing the scale of the disaster.
 The duration of this military conflict is already almost 10 years, during this period it led to significant human losses, covering both the civilian population and military personnel. Many people were forced to leave their homes and become internally displaced persons of their own country.
 War not only has material losses and physical consequences, but also seriously affects the mental health of a nation. After two years of martial law, the deterioration of the mental state of the entire population is noticeable. War events cause stress reactions and trauma that persist long after hostilities have ceased.
 Everything said earlier indicates that it is necessary not only to restore destroyed houses and infrastructure, but what is especially important is to develop a methodology and create a system of psychological and psychiatric support for people who suffered from the military conflict. The need for rehabilitation programs and counseling becomes an important step in ensuring further recovery and strengthening of the nation's mental health [3].

THE INFLUENCE OF MILITARY-SPORTS ALL-AROUND TRAINING ON THE HEALTH OF CADETS OF THE SECURITY AND DEFENSE SECTOR

The experience of combat operations in the anti-terrorist operation in the east of Ukraine and the war of the russian federation against Ukraine proved the need to develop and improve the military-applied physical skills of servicemen in moving on the battlefield, overcoming obstacles in full equipment and means of ballistic protection, firing small arms from various positions, throwing grenades, close combat (especially all-style combat). There are different approaches to the content of special physical training of cadets. The influence of military-sports all-around training on the health of cadets of the security and defense sector. The results of the study demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in the level of physical health of EG cadets. No statistically significant changes were noted in the representatives of the CG.

The impact of the 2014 military conflict in the east of Ukraine and the Autonomous Republic of the Crimea among patients receiving opioid agonist therapies

BackgroundOpioid agonist therapies (OAT) for people with opioid use disorders (OUD) have been available in Ukraine since 2004. This study assessed the effect of 2014 Russian invasion of Ukraine on OAT re-enrollment and retention in conflict areas. MethodsWe analyzed the Ukraine national registry of OAT patients containing 1868 people with OUD receiving OAT as of January 2014 in conflict areas (Donetsk, Luhansk, and the Autonomous Republic [AR] of the Crimea). We developed logistic regression models to assess the correlates of re-enrollment of OAT patients in government-controlled areas (GCA) from conflict areas and retention on OAT at 12 months after re-enrollment. ResultsOverall, 377 (20.2 %) patients were re-enrolled at an OAT site in a GCA from confict areas, of whom 182 (48.3 %) were retained on OAT through 2021. Correlates of re-enrollment were residing in Donetsk (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 7.06; 95 % CI: 4.97–10.20) or Luhansk (aOR = 6.20; 95 % CI: 4.38–8.93) vs. AR Crimea; age 18–34 (aOR = 2.03; 95 % CI: 1.07–3.96) or 35–44 (aOR = 2.09; 95 % CI: 1.24–3.71) vs. ≥55 years, and being on optimal (aOR = 1.78; 95 % CI: 1.33–2.39) or high OAT dosing (aOR = 2.76; 95 % CI: 1.93–3.96) vs. low dosing. Correlates of retention were drug use experience 15–19 years (aOR = 3.69; 95 % CI: 1.47–9.49) vs. <14 years of drug use; take-home (aOR = 3.42; 95 % CI: 1.99–5.96) vs. daily on-site dosing, and optimal (aOR = 2.19; 95 % CI:1.05–4.72) vs. low OAT dosing. ConclusionOur study showed that one-fifth of patients were re-enrolled at sites in GCA areas, less than half of re-enrolled patients were retained. Disruption of OAT has implications for drug-, HIV-, and HCV-related morbidity and mortality. FundingAM was funded by NIH-funded grant D43TW010562; DCO was funded by the NIDA-funded Center for Drug Use and HIV|HCV Research (P30DA011041).

Application of an innovative approach to the organization of the educational process in higher education and training of applicants 073 and 281 specialties in the conditions of distance education

The study proved and substantiated the importance of innovative approaches and digitalization in the organization of the educational process of higher education. It has been found that the introduction of innovative approaches is a strategically key factor for achieving a high level of quality and efficiency of educational services. In particular, innovative technologies and digitalization allow universities to adapt to modern requirements and create flexible and accessible learning environments. &#x0D; During the study, an analysis of differences in the interpretation of the concepts of «threat» and «risk» was conducted. In particular, it is determined that in education threats and risks can include not only financial difficulties, but also loss of reputation, low quality of education and insufficient competitiveness of graduates. It identifies the main range of problematic issues, sets of innovative approaches in higher education and highlights the principles and stages of diagnosis, which should take into account the specifics of the educational environment and the requirements of the modern labor market for its qualitative assessment. &#x0D; In order to test the research, the article assesses and analyzes the introduction of innovative approaches in the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University for the training of applicants 073 and 281 in the field of distance education. The strategic goals chosen to accelerate the digitalization process have been singled out and justified, considering the high standards of quality and the needs of the modern educational environment. The introduction of a digital student card, the creation of a digital educational environment and an increase in the level of digital literacy of students and teaching staff are key areas of the strategy of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University. In addition, innovative approaches have been developed, such as partnerships with technology companies, the creation of electronic libraries and archives aimed at supporting research activities and quality education in distance learning. &#x0D; It provides a SWOT analysis of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University which highlights the main strengths and weaknesses of its functioning, as well as identifies the opportunities and threats faced by the university today in the most difficult conditions of existence. The conducted analysis allows us to draw conclusions and determine the prospects for further research in this direction. &#x0D; In general, the study emphasizes the importance of innovation and digitalization in education as strategic factors contributing to improving the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of educational institutions in the modern world. &#x0D; The obtained results help to determine the optimal way to achieve the set goals, and their certification with certificates testifies to the importance and effectiveness of the chosen direction of innovative activity at Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University in the face of high requirements for remote educational process.

Якість життя населення України: стан, тенденції, перспективи

The aim of the article is to study the state of quality of life of the population of Ukraine under martial law, to determine the main trends and prospects for its post-war development. The article identifies and analyzes the main components of the quality of life of the population on the basis of generalization of various scientific approaches, taking into account the availability, relevance and accuracy of statistical data. Several scientific approaches to the essence and components of the quality of life of the population are reflected: all these approaches are united by the understanding of the quality of life as a dualism of external factors and one’s own subjective assessment. The main groups of indicators of the quality of life of the population, on the basis of which the integral indicator can be calculated, are defined: demographic, incomes of the population, employment and unemployment, educational services, access to medical services, housing conditions, environmental. On the basis of the above mentioned groups of indicators, analytical and statistical data are analyzed and the problems are allocated. The biggest problem for Ukrainians, which affects and exacerbates problems in other areas, is the ongoing war, and our victory is a starting point for the restoration, development and improvement of the quality of life of the population of Ukraine. Significant obstacles to the development of the quality of life of the population are problems related to demography and the economy. Demographic problems are associated with the decline in the population of our country as a result of migration, the deaths of military and civilians in combat zones, attacks by missiles and Shahed drones of peaceful Ukrainian cities, the aging of the nation, and a decrease in the share of young people. Economic problems are caused by rising prices, inflation, a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, the destruction or closure of small and medium-sized businesses, and the loss of large industrial enterprises in the south and east of Ukraine. In the period of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, there is a prospect and forecast for the growth of most components of the quality of life of the population, though this process requires a number of measures, implementation of practical actions and social programs. First of all, it is necessary to develop the economy and labor market, support young people and small and medium-sized businesses. Secondly, it is necessary to direct the efforts of the State and relevant institutions to the development of education, culture and the social sphere in general. We should not forget about the development of the housing stock, improving the living conditions of citizens and ensuring environmental safety. All this is possible under the condition of high-quality interaction between the State, business and society.

Стратегія протидії незаконним збройним формуванням: зміст, складові, еволюція

Стратегія протидії незаконним збройним формуванням: зміст, складові, еволюція

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH OF THE RESULTS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION BY THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES OF KRYVIY RIH AND STRATEGIC GOALS OF ITS ACHIEVEMENT

Objective. The objective of the study is the substantiation of the goals and principles of state programs of regional development, the identification of influencing factors on the process of developing programs of socio-economic development of the city of Kryvyi Rih, and the development of strategic directions for the effective and efficient implementation of regional development programs. Methods. When preparing the article, general and special methods of scientific research are used, in particular, the method of retrospective analysis and synthesis - to generalize the main theoretical approaches to the formation and implementation of the local socio-economic development program and the order of its development; dialectical method - for a comprehensive study of relations between state administrations and local authorities; graphoanalytical – for a schematic representation of the theoretical and practical provisions of the research; method of system analysis - to determine the priority directions of reforming the socio-economic development program by the local authorities of a specific territorial community. Results. The definition of «local program of economic and social development» is studied, in particular according to the term, as well as the concepts of «regional development program» and «budget programs», which are closely related to the local program of socio-economic development. It is proved that the principles of development of local socio-economic development programs are defined as the expected achievements based on the results of the implementation of a complex of interrelated tasks and measures aimed at solving the most important issues of the development of the united territorial community. Analytical studies of the results of the implementation of the Social Protection Program for certain categories of Kryvyi Rih residents and the dynamics of the total amount of funding under this program for 2018-2022 are out. It is determined that in order to implement the measures of the Program for the Perspective Development of Education in Kryvyi Rih for 2019-2024, free meals are provided to pupils and children from large families in general education institutions of the city, children from student families in preschool institutions of the city, children whose parents were involved or killed or went missing as a result of the events in the East of Ukraine. It is noted that culture, the financing of which is provided for by the legislation of Ukraine from the local budget, is of no less importance for the development of Kryvyi Rih in the humanitarian sphere.. Special attention is paid to the Program for the reimbursement of part of the loans provided by the association of co-owners of apartment buildings and housing and construction cooperatives for the implementation of energy-efficient measures in the housing sector for 2016-2023. It is emphasized that for the purpose of social support of all categories of citizens of Ukraine who are in the territory of the Kryvyi Rih urban territorial community, during the period of martial law in Ukraine, and to increase their social security, free travel in public municipal public transport is introduced in the city. It should be noted that the Strategic Development Plan of the city of Kryvyi Rih for the period until 2025 has been approved at the local level, based on a transformational version of the city's development, which reflects the focus on supporting the positive development vector of all spheres of the city's life, innovative renewal and diversification of the economy. It is emphasized that the chosen Strategy provides for the provision of coordinated joint actions of local executive bodies and local self-government bodies in the conditions of a military/post-war state in order to implement a unified state policy for the development of Ukraine at the district level. The authors formulate strategic directions for effective and efficient implementation of Kryvyi Rih Socio-Economic Development Program for 2023-2025 based on the principles of developing local socio-economic development programs, namely: decentralization of management; development of interregional cooperation; implementation of a system for identifying and assessing priority social problems of a certain territory; optimization of state management structures and procedures; implementation of an active resource strategy by bodies of executive power and local self-government; promotion of public activity and development of various forms of self-organization of the population; raising the level of social culture and education of employees of state administration and local authorities, deputies of all levels.

ЧИННИКИ ТА ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ НОВИХ ТИПОЛОГІЧНИХ ОЗНАК РЕГІОНУ СХОДУ УКРАЇНИ

The prerequisites and factors of the formation of a new type of region in the east of Ukraine have been studied. The principles and tasks of effective regional policy in modern conditions have been established. Typological differences make it possible to determine the patterns of functioning, formation and development of regions. Problems and tasks of the development of regions that are solved in the process of urban planning depend on the type and main features of the function and shape of the region. After the occupation, the state will receive two factors that will shape the problem of changing the territorial planning organization of the region and region. This is the border factor and the reintegration factor of the region that was under occupation for a long time. Trends in the development of urbanized territories and urban agglomerations strengthen the processes of formation of territorial settlement systems at the sub-regional, regional and sub-district levels. Generalized goals of regional policy determine the forecast strategy of the region's development. The structure of the regional forecast should include the following types: demographic, natural resource, economic. The general scheme of planning the territory of Ukraine aims to establish state priorities regarding rational types and modes of use of the country's territory, taking into account socio-economic needs, environmental limitations, resource opportunities and regional differences. The general scheme defines the prerequisites that contribute to the use of the territory of Ukraine. For the eastern region of Ukraine, there is a task of functional arrangement of the planning structure, taking into account the change in form. The main formative aspect is the border of the state. Objects, areas of military purpose, which form the supporting frame of the security belt, also become a derivative element. The urban planning analysis allows us to conclude that the border region will have a configuration with an impact zone of up to 50 km - the first zone of existential danger. Up to 200 km of the general strip of the border region, which will feel the influence of the border with the enemy state. In the first zone, the implementation of measures of a restrictive nature, structural transformation of communication routes and roads, pipeline infrastructure, etc., a general decrease in the population and network of settlements is expected. In the general strip, inter-village connections are formed, oriented in the direction of the center. A potential threat is the deindustrialization of the region, the decline of single settlements focused on the coal mining industry.

The Role of Displaced Higher Education Institutions in Recovery Processes of War and Post-war Period: The Case of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University

The recovery of Ukraine will require the involvement of as many actors and resources as possible. Higher education institutions will play a significant role in the recovery of the country and its regions and communities. Educational institutions can participate in the recovery process both by training the required personnel and by directly participating in the development of relevant policies, programmes and strategic documents, analysing the needs and capabilities of local communities, providing advice and expert assistance in their areas of expertise, etc. There are already scientific publications and case studies that demonstrate the role of higher education institutions in recovery processes. Moreover, special attention is paid to displaced higher education institutions as those with specific experience and knowledge.&#x0D; The purpose of the article is to determine the role of displaced higher education institutions in the recovery and restoration of the country and its regions using the example of the twice displaced Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University. For this purpose, the article uses such methods as observation, analysis and synthesis. In addition, a survey was conducted among the staff and students of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University regarding the role of the displaced higher education institution in the recovery process, the results of which are summarised in the article.&#x0D; Ukraine has experience in relocating higher education institutions, some of which were relocated twice in 2014 and 2022. The article examines the case of the Volodymyr Dahl EUNU and reveals the main activities and projects implemented by the university after the first and second relocations aimed at recovery and development of territorial communities. In particular, the institutionalised practices of participation of Volodymyr Dahl EUNU in the recovery processes are presented. The survey of academic staff and students of the university showed the distribution of opinions on the role of higher education institutions in the recovery of the community, the region and the country as a whole, and also identified the specific role of displaced HEIs in such processes. The study revealed the willingness and existence of active practices of participation of the academic staff and students in the recovery of socio-economic systems of various levels, as well as their readiness and conditions for joining such activities.&#x0D; The results of the survey conducted among the academic staff and students of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University show that the respondents are aware of the role of educational institutions in the recovery and restoration of communities, regions and the country as a whole, as well as their readiness to return to the liberated territories to restore them together with the university.

Training Future Specialists in Specialty 227 “Therapy and Rehabilitation” at Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University

Physical rehabilitation during military aggression is one of the critical components of medical care for military personnel, their families, and the civilian population affected by the consequences of occupation, violence, bombings, etc. Training future physical therapists is a complex and essential process that requires specialised education, practical experience and constant updating of knowledge and skills. The practice-oriented approach, which allows students to gain real practical experience in treating patients even during their studies and helps them develop the skills and abilities necessary for successful practice, plays a crucial role in the training of physical therapists. The article reveals the peculiarities of training future physical and occupational therapists at Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University in cooperation with various institutions of the social sphere (rehabilitation institutions, various centres of psychosocial assistance). In interaction with the specified institutions, the recipients get to prepare for work in clinical, sports or other environments where their skills will be of actual use. A hands-on approach helps candidates learn to interact with different age groups and patients with different health conditions, from children to adults; contribute to the recovery of the physical and psychological condition of patients, helping them to return to an active life; by developing individual rehabilitation plans, physical therapists help restore mobility and improve patients’ quality of life, reducing the risk of disability.

Modern methods and means of technical diagnostics of artillery weapons and prospects for their development

The analysis of full-scale military operations in the east of Ukraine indicates an increase in the variety of firing tasks for artillery weapons and the intensity of their execution. This, in turn, requires the maintenance of artillery weapons and systems that ensure their proper operation in a serviceable and ready-to-use condition, as well as the prevention of sudden breakdowns and failures during combat missions.&#x0D; Taking into account the influence of the technical condition on the effectiveness and safety of the combat use of artillery weapons, there is a need to improve the methods and means of its diagnosis.&#x0D; This article analyzes the available domestic and foreign studies devoted to the development and improvement of methods for diagnosing the technical condition of artillery weapons. Existing devices for measuring, inspecting, evaluating and controlling the technical condition are considered. The existing systematization was expanded, generalization and addition of known methods and tools was carried out. The main possibilities, advantages and disadvantages of known methods, as well as promising directions for further research are determined.&#x0D; It has been established that the majority of studies of possible methods of diagnosing the technical condition of artillery weapons are focused mainly on the analysis of the parameters of only the gun barrel and do not consider the ability of the studied methods to assess the technical condition of artillery weapons comprehensively.&#x0D; The analysis also showed that despite the large number of existing techniques for diagnosing the technical condition (determining the degree of wear), most of them are not suitable for use directly in field conditions, morally outdated or very expensive.&#x0D; In addition, it was determined that the application of the analysis of acoustic and vibration signals that occur during a shot is a promising direction for diagnosing the technical condition of artillery weapons, which potentially has the ability to detect more malfunctions, breakdowns and deviations of technical parameters.

STATE SUPPORT AS A FACTOR OF REGULATION OF THE DOMESTIC MARKET OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN UKRAINE

The article analyzes the state of agriculture provision with agricultural machinery and it is clarified that despite the extremely important importance of this branch for the country's economy, today there is a critical situation with the technical provision of the agro-industrial complex. Agricultural enterprises not included in the structure of agricultural holdings provide only 45 to 58 percent of the technological need to machinery, of which almost 90 percent of the units need replacement. The number of worn-out equipment, which each year is written off by enterprises, far exceeds the amount that is procured. The article also analyzes the state of state support of material and technical support of agricultural commodity producers in Ukraine. It has been determined that agrarian policy during the transformation period was characterized mainly by the predominance of tactical rather than strategic goals and programs, and the regulatory activity of the state was not systematic and consistent. Taking into account the above, it was concluded that the problem of increasing the effectiveness of the state influence on the development of the agrarian sector as a whole, and on material and technical support of the crop production sector in particular, is particularly relevant to Ukraine. It is concluded that the state policy in the direction of funding activities aimed at their support is not weighed, formed on the residual principle and can not fully contribute to the accomplishment of the tasks. A number of measures have been proposed for correction of the negative situation, which consist in the necessity of: streamlining of normative acts regulating the financing of programs; increase their funding; strengthening control over the implementation of public funding programs; redistribution of funding directions. An analysis of state support programs for agricultural enterprises makes it possible to conclude that their implementation does not have the desired effect due to: lack of funding by the state; unbalanced fiscal and customs policies, lack of incentives to increase scientific research and accelerate the implementation of their results in agricultural machinery; the general crisis of the country's economy since 2014, connected with the loss of territories, military actions in the east of Ukraine, inflationary processes and the political crisis. Keywords: state support, technology market, efficiency, technical and technological updating, material and technical base, financing

Tectonic position of the Ukrainian shield

Statement of the general problem. The analysis of the geological structure of Europe indicates a wide development of Laramian (post-Cretaceous - pre-Cenozoic) deformations in non-Alpine regions. They are traced by the regional angular unconformity between the folded Mesozoic and non-folded Cenozoic from the Caspian Sea to Great Britain. The area of development of the Laramie folding of Europe also covers the Ukrainian shield. An unsolved part of the overall problem. The Ukrainian crystalline shield is described as "uplift of the crystalline foundation of the East European platform", where Precambrian rocks come to the surface. But the same rocks can also be traced far beyond its borders. The question arises - what structural position does the Ukrainian shield occupy in the structure of the Laramie folded region? Analysis of recent research and publications. On the geological maps of the pre-Cenozoic formations of Ukraine, the northern border of the Laramie folded region can be traced along the Chernihiv-Lysychansk line. Mesozoic folds and an angular unconformity in the Cenozoic basement disappear further north. To the south, the Laramie deformations intensify, but unevenly. The purpose of the article is identification of modern structural position of Ukrainian crystalline shield. Research materials and methods. Were involved more than 120 geological maps of Ukrainian regions and author's digital geological model of East Ukraine. Presentation of the main research material. A band of Mesozoic folds and NW vergence thrusts tens to hundreds of kilometers long is developed immediately south of the border of the folded region. The amplitude of the folds is 1.5–2 km. The band of development of these folds and thrusts with a width of about 100 km limits the Ukrainian shield from the northeast. To the south of the Ukrainian Shield, on the shelves of the Black and Azov Seas and in Northern Crimea, a sub-latitude band of Laramie thrusts and folds with a width of 150–200 kilometers has been established. Amplitudes of thrust folds reach 1–2 km, amplitudes of separate thrusts reach 8–10 km. This band of folds and thrusts limits the southern slope of the Ukrainian shield from the south. These Laramie folds and thrusts are overlain by Cenozoic sediments. To the south, in the Mountainous Crimea, the deformations are still intensifying. Folds and thrusts are replaced by wide and extended mélange zones of northwestern vergence. The Ukrainian shield is bypassed by the development of folds and thrusts from the northeast, east, and south. On the slopes of the Ukrainian shield, Mesozoic fold deformations subside, and the Mesozoic there lies gently sloping and monoclinally. Such poorly deformed blocks within folded regions are called middle massifs. This middle massif of the Laramie fold region within Ukraine has an anteclise structure. In the core of the anteclise, Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks emerge from under the sedimentary cover. The western wing of the anteclise is overlain by younger thrusts of the Carpathian folded structure of Attic (post-Miocene) age. Scientific novelty. In the modern geological structure, the Ukrainian shield is the core of the anteclise of the middle massif in the Laramie folded region. Conclusions. As a tectonic uplift, shield was formed in the Paleocene. In the Late Cretaceous, it was still buried under shelf carbonate deposits. Erosion of this uplift formed the Cenozoic deposits of Ukraine with a specific mineragenic specialization. Taking into account the Laramian folding allows us to reconcile the diverse geological phenomena of the region into a single system without contradictions.

Image of war and hybrid warfare

War images&#x0D; Hybrid warfare in and around Ukraine has confronted Europe with a security policy paradigm shift since 2014. The surprise takeover of Crimea by masked Russian soldiers without insignia in February/March 2014 and the Kremlin's initial denial of connection to it have shaped the image of a hybrid form of warfare worldwide. The subsequent military conflict in the east of Ukraine with separatism supported by neighboring states and the armed establishment and military security of newly created so-called people's republics (Donetsk, Luhansk), with recourse, among other things, to "Russian fighters on vacation" further reinforced this perception. For eight years, the pursuit of plausible deniability of Moscow's official involvement was the focus of Russia's actions in the hybrid trench warfare in Donbas.&#x0D; With Russia's large-scale military attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022, what Russia called a "special military operation", the Ukrainian war has entered a new, militarily escalating but no less hybrid phase. This attack triggered strong reactions from the West and led to the declaration of a...

Involvement of women in military education in Ukraine

Women’s access to military education is an important component of building the value of equal rights and opportunities in the military sphere. Ukraine’s implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 “Women, Peace, Security” provides for equal access of women and men to educational institutions of all levels of the security and defense sector. It is about providing full access to women to enter military educational institutions, integrating gender approaches into the system of training specialists for the security and defense sector, ensuring infrastructural and material and technical conditions of educational institutions of the security and defense sector for the training of girls. Protection from sexual harassment in the military in general and in military educational institutions in particular is another important aspect for the implementation of gender equality policy.Public opinion on whether women should be given equal opportunities with men to obtain military education was determined on the basis of a representative survey for Ukraine conducted in September 2018. Differences in support for the statement that women should be given equal opportunities with men to obtain military education were found depending on the respondents’ gender, age, region of residence, size of the settlement, and level of education.Women appeared, on the one hand, to be slightly more egalitarian in supporting women’s access to military education. Expectedly, more egalitarian views regarding the involvement of women in military education were demonstrated by respondents with a higher level of education, as well as residents of large cities. Residents of Eastern Ukraine to a lesser extent than in other regions support the opinion that women should be given equal opportunities with men to obtain a military education. Since there are several military educational institutions in the East of Ukraine (in particular, in Kharkiv), it is important to draw additional attention to the visibility of women in this field.

ОЦІНКА СПРОМОЖНОСТІ ГРОМАД ТА РАЙОНІВ ДОНЕЦЬКОЇ ТА ЛУГАНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТЕЙ

Due to the intensification of hostilities in eastern Ukraine in 2022 and the occupation of Luhansk and part of Donetsk oblasts, the issue of assessing and building the capacity of communities and districts has become more relevant. This is due to the fact that the assessment is influenced by many factors, including the geographical location of the community and the presence/absence of hostilities. The purpose of the article is to substantiate proposals for increasing the capacity of territorial communities and districts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts due to the war. Methods used in the study: comparative analysis, detailing and generalisation, grouping. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the decline in the capacity of territorial communities affects the change in the capacity of districts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, which should also be assessed. Summary of the main material.To substantiate the proposals for improving the capacity of territorial communities and districts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, the results of a comparative analysis of the indicators of the capacity of communities in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, taking into account pre-war and war realities, were used. On the basis of the results obtained, the matrix of alternative proposals for improving their capacity is formed. The capacity of the districts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in 2021 and 2022/2023 is determined. The originality and practical significance of the study lie in the proposals developed to increase the capacity of territorial communities and districts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Based on the results of the conducted research, a matrix of eventual proposals for the territorial communities of Donetsk and Luhansk regions was built and the capacity of the districts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions in 2021 and 2022/2023 was determined. It is noted that the Luhansk region is almost entirely occupied, and in the Donetsk region, part of the territory is occupied, and in another part of the territory, the production and social infrastructure has been destroyed (and is being destroyed). Therefore, according to the results of the district capacity assessment, no district was identified as capable. Further research is needed to substantiate the reconfiguration of territorial communities and districts in the East of Ukraine in the post-war period.

Modeling fires based on the results of correlation analysis

In order to monitor and study in more detail the causes and probability of the occurrence and spread of fires in the east of Ukraine in the combat zone, mathematical modeling of the factors influencing the occurrence of fires based on linear regression was performed in this study. The initial assessment of a priori information presented in a discrete form is a time—consuming process. A large dataset with a time interval requires application of ready—made methods and solutions. By applying statistical analysis techniques and historical analogies, it becomes possible to visually and graphically evaluate the initial data. This evaluation serves as the foundation for classifying factors, which enables their division into samples for subsequent analysis and modeling.The expediency of application of correlation analysis is demonstrated by its ability to establish and illustrate the connections between fires and hostilities across different time intervals. To examine the connection between fires and the factors contributing to their occurrence, the widely used method of linear regression was applied, which is common in solving problems of ecological monitoring of the Earth.Consequently, a program code was developed to provide the implementation of the linear regression algorithm. Since a large data set requires ready—made mathematical tools with a visualization function, therefore, the Python programming language was chosen as a tool for mathematical modeling of fires in eastern Ukraine caused by ongoing active hostilities. To facilitate simulation, random variables are partitioned with a distribution ratio of 40% for testing models and 60% for training models. The visual materials in this study encompass the initial data for subsequent analysis, the outcomes of data set partitioning, and their corresponding models. The tabular data comprises quantitative assessments of test and training models, serving as a basis for decision—making regarding the degree to which prediction results align with the study's objectives. These quantitative evaluations of prediction outcomes highlight the necessity of a comprehensive initial set of factors influencing fire initiation, along with their qualitative and quantitative classification. The implementation of the mathematical algorithm confirms the ease of application of regression methods.However, when employing regression analysis to model fires without prior knowledge, it highlights the importance of conducting supplementary analysis through other established methods and synthesizing additional data. This can be achieved by utilizing interval estimates with the aid of fuzzy logic.