Dynamics In India Research Articles

Beyond blueprints: unveiling sustainable housing ambitions – a TAM and EMGB fusion among paraprofessionals in urban construction landscape

PurposeThis study explores the factors influencing the investment intentions of potential home buyers among paraprofessionals in sustainable housing within urban construction. By combining the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the extended model of goal-directed behavior (EMGB), the research seeks to understand how technological perceptions, personal motivations and behavioral intentions intersect to shape these investment decisions.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive research design was employed in this study. The study surveyed 641 paraprofessionals as potential home buyers in various Indian cities using a multi-stage stratified sampling technique. It incorporated variables from the TAM and EMGB, modifying some aspects to include financial self-efficacy, hedonic motivation and anticipated regret, alongside adding location as a new factor to examine its impact. For data analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling was utilized. The analysis focused on hypothesis testing to examine the relationships between the constructs of interest. Bootstrap t-values and effect sizes were used to assess these relationships’ significance and magnitude.FindingsThe study found that perceived usefulness and ease of use significantly enhance attitudes toward sustainable homes, while subjective norms have a minimal effect on such investments in India, emphasizing personal rather than societal influences. Financial self-efficacy, anticipated regret and hedonic motivation are key drivers, indicating that economic capacity and the pursuit of a satisfying lifestyle are crucial for investment intentions. Additionally, the importance of location is highlighted, with infrastructural aspects notably affecting sustainable housing appeal. These insights reveal unique dynamics in India’s sustainable housing sector, diverging from trends in developed countries.Originality/valueThe study lies in its unique fusion of the TAM and EMGB specifically tailored to the Indian urban construction context. It introduces financial self-efficacy, hedonic motivation and anticipated regret as novel variables within these frameworks, alongside emphasizing the significant role of location in sustainable housing decisions. This approach offers new insights into the psychological and socioeconomic factors driving sustainable housing investments in developing countries.

Educational Inequality and Household Dynamics in India: Exploring the Role of Caste Capital

The article uses caste capital as a conceptual tool to analyze educational inequalities by looking at the household-level differences and school differentiation among different caste groups in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Caste capital is the social, cultural, and economic assets associated with the hierarchical ranking of a group, which privileged groups could utilize to take advantage of disprivileged others. This includes an informed and conscious effort to create a cultural environment that values and prioritizes education for social and economic advancement. Based on a field survey at the household level, the findings indicate a strong connection between caste, household type, and school choice. The pattern of educational inequality becomes evident whereby individuals from higher caste backgrounds with more affluent households tend to have better educational opportunities. The findings show how caste hierarchy intersects with school choice, creating a hierarchy of educational opportunities producing and reproducing educational inequalities.

Verbal Alchemy: Decoding Political Power Play in India through Rhetoric

This paper analyzes how language shapes political power dynamics in India's complex linguistic landscape. It scrutinizes rhetorical techniques used by national and regional political parties across the ideological spectrum, including euphemisms, doublespeak, code-switching, shifting political correctness, and debates around language policy. Case studies exemplify how such linguistic tools frame policies, assert regional identities, signal social reform orientations, justify controversial actions, and expand appeal across constituencies. The analysis reveals how language is intricately tied to messaging, positioning, and electoral machinery of Indian parties. Examining political rhetoric and linguistic conflicts provides vital perspective on the deeper regional tensions, social reform commitments, and power structures underlying Indian politics.

From local to global: Village YouTubers and rural creator cultures in South India

This article examines emerging rural creator cultures in South India. Specifically, it focuses on the uptake and production of YouTube videos by village creators, a relatively understudied but increasingly important phenomenon given the rapid spread of social media entertainment in rural India. Through a case study on My Village Show, a YouTube media collective, this article shows how rural cultural producers transformed into ‘media workers’, ‘creators’, and ‘influencers’. The South Indian YouTubing landscape, with a multitude of village-centric social media entertainment channels, reveals a new dynamic of cultural production in the Global South, distinguished by collective, collaborative, and formalizing creator labor practices. Drawing upon ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews with rural cultural producers, this article analyzes and conceptualizes rural creator cultures within particular socio-cultural, vernacular, and regional dynamics in India.

Unveiling Poverty Dynamics in India: Examining Convergence and Determinants at Sub-National Level

ABSTRACT This paper tries to investigate the question of whether the poverty ratio across Indian states is converging in the post-2000s. We addressed this question of spatial convergence of the poverty ratio using unconditional convergence over the period 2004–05 to 2018–19 for 18 major states of India, considering both rural and urban regions. We used the unit-level data of NSSO’s Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CES) for the 61st, 68th and PLFS 2018–19 rounds for the analysis. Besides, we try to assess the driving factors of poverty through a panel regression model. The results reveal that in the first period from 2004–05 to 2011–12, Indian states experienced a divergence in the overall poverty ratio and rural poverty. However, the second period, 2011–12 to 2018–19, witnessed no specific trend of convergence or divergence across states. Again, in the case of urban poverty, there is no particular pattern of poverty convergence or divergence during both periods. The study shows that the Gini coefficient, educational expenditure, household size, infant mortality, literacy rate, MPCE, primary-sector income and per capita power availability are the significant determinants of poverty in India.

Modeling Population Dynamics in the Indian Context: A Differential Difference Equation Approach

The study of population dynamics is of paramount importance in comprehending the evolving demographics and socioeconomic structure of a country. The task of modelling population dynamics in the Indian context poses distinct challenges and opportunities owing to the extensive and heterogeneous nature of the country's population. This research paper utilises a differential difference equation (DDE) methodology to comprehensively model population dynamics in India. The study seeks to enhance comprehension of population dynamics by considering various factors, including birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, and seasonal variations. The study employs Delay Differential Equations (DDEs) as a mathematical framework to effectively model the dynamic characteristics of population systems. These equations account for time delays, historical events, and discrete factors that play a significant role in shaping population dynamics, whether it be growth or decline. Numerical techniques, such as Euler's method and the Runge-Kutta method, are utilised in order to solve Delay Differential Equation (DDE) models and effectively simulate the dynamics of populations over a given time period. The evaluation of each method involves a comparative analysis of its accuracy, smoothness, convergence properties, and computational efficiency. The research findings presented in this study enhance our comprehension of population dynamics in India and offer significant insights that can be utilised by policymakers, urban planners, and researchers in the fields of demography, public health, and social sciences. The results have the potential to provide valuable insights for evidence-based decision-making and the development of effective policies aimed at addressing the various challenges and opportunities related to population dynamics in the Indian context.

Imported inputs and productivity: Unraveling the dynamics in India's manufacturing sector

AbstractThis study investigates effects of imported intermediate inputs on firms' productivity in the Indian manufacturing. We use a panel data of manufacturing firms from 2001 to 2021 and adopt the production function approach for analysis. Our results confirm the crucial role of all three imported input types at aggregated and disaggregated levels. However, the productivity effect of imported raw materials is the largest, followed by finished goods and capital inputs. Results show the role of imports is marginally higher for high innovation, specialist‐suppliers and science‐based industries. We also show that spillover effects of foreign technology embodied in imported capital goods.

Characterizing human respiratory syncytial virus among children admitted with acute respiratory tract infections from 2019 to 2022.

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major causative agent of lower respiratory tract infection in children, especially infants with substantial morbidity and mortality implications. The virus undergoes continuous evolution documented by accumulation of mutations in the glycoprotein gene necessitating vigilant surveillance to provide essential data to epidemiologists and researchers involved in development of vaccines. This study was aimed to perform molecular characterization of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among children ≤ 5 years admitted in hospital. In the current study we observed RSV-A (2019 (n = 95) and 2021 (n = 61) seasons) and RSV-B (2022 season (n = 68)). Phylogenetic analysis revealed all RSV-A strains (n = 47) to be GA.2.3.5 and RSV-B (n = 22) were classified as GB.5.0.5a. Selection pressure analysis identified one positive (P274L/V) and one negative site (P230T) in RSV-A, while in RSV-B there was only one negatively selected site (S295). This study spanning over three seasons contributes to RSV evolutionary dynamics in India emphasizing the importance of on-going surveillance to inform effective public health strategies and vaccine development efforts.

Forest fire dynamics in India (2005–2022): Unveiling climatic Impacts, spatial Patterns, and interface with anthrax incidence

The comprehensive analysis of forest fires in India from 2005 to 2022 underscores the urgent need for national-scale management and conservation efforts. Using kriging techniques, significant hotspots were identified, revealing a substantial increase in forest fire incidents in Mizoram by 2022, averaging 2614.78 ± 1519.36 occurrences. The study highlights the direct influence of climate conditions on forest fire occurrences, with significant positive correlations found with average and maximum temperatures. Furthermore, the impact of forest fires on anthrax dynamics in Orissa, Jharkhand, and Andhra Pradesh was examined, illustrating the ecological disruptions’ implications for livestock and public health. This study advocates for interdisciplinary collaboration and tailored strategies to proactively manage forest fires, safeguard biodiversity, and ensure community well-being.

Unraveling Subseasonal Drought Dynamics in India: Insights from NCMRWF Extended Range Prediction System

Abstract Drought, a prolonged natural event, profoundly impacts water resources and societies, particularly in agriculturally dependent nations like India. This study focuses on subseasonal droughts during the Indian summer monsoon season using standardized precipitation index (SPI). Analyzing hindcasts from the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) Extended Range Prediction (NERP) system spanning 1993–2015, we assess NERP’s strengths and limitations. NERP replicates climatic patterns well but overestimates rainfall in the Himalayan foothills and the Indo-Gangetic Plain while underestimating it in the core monsoon zone and western coastline. Nonetheless, the NERP system demonstrates its ability to predict subseasonal drought conditions across India. Our research explores the model’s dynamics, emphasizing tropical and extratropical influences. We evaluate the impact of monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MSIO) and Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on drought onset and persistence, noting model performance and discrepancies. While the model consistently identifies MSIO locations, variations in phase propagation affect drought severity in India. Remarkably, NERP excels in predicting MJO phases during droughts. The study underscores the robust response in the near-equatorial Indian Ocean, a crucial factor in subseasonal drought development. Furthermore, we explored upper-level dynamic interactions, demonstrating NERP’s ability to capture subseasonal drought dynamics. For example, unusual westerly winds weaken the tropical easterly jet, and a cyclonic anomaly transports cold air at midlevels and upper levels. These interactions reduce thermal contrast, weakening monsoon flow and favoring drought conditions. Hence, the NERP system demonstrates its skill in assessing prevailing drought conditions and associated teleconnection patterns, enhancing our understanding of subseasonal droughts and their complex triggers.

Political and Cultural Dynamics in Bollywood and Nollywood Films: A Comparative Perspective

Films are popularly believed to be reflection of reality as well as a representation of the societies in which they were produced. They are excellent windows into their societies of origin and could thus serve as good anthropological or historical documents containing data about socio-political events that have happened in their societies of origin. One of the multiple data one can extract/gather from films is the socio-cultural and political dynamics prevailing in the society in which the films subsist. This paper attempts to illustrate this thesis through a review of relevant Bollywood and Nollywood films. Specifically, the study hinges on a review of relevant selected films to show how Bollywood and Nollywood are a reflection of cultural and political dynamics in India and Nigeria respectively. The paper starts with a brief background which examines the extent to which Nollywood and Bollywood films could be considered a reflection of contemporary Nigeria and India. It proceeds to defining the concept of cultural and political dynamics, with strict respect to the Indian and Nigerian experiences. The paper ends up with an examination of how these cultural and political dynamics are reflected in relevant Bollywood and Nollywood films. It concludes that both Nigerian and Bollywood films reflect social and political dynamics in their societies of origin in the same way.

Financial reporting quality dynamics in India: the role of IFRS convergence and corporate governance

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence on value relevance and earnings management for Indian listed firms while also exploring whether the relationship is moderated by the firms’ corporate governance structures. Design/methodology/approach Corporate governance (CG) scores of 573 listed firms were calculated by using a self-constructed index for a period of 7 years (2014–2015 to 2020–2021). Static and dynamic panel models with generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators were used to test the conditional hypothesis that the impact of the Indian IFRS converged standards (Indian Accounting Standards [IndAS]) on information quality is affected by the firm’s corporate governance strength. Findings The estimates reveal that the positive effect of corporate governance scores on the value relevance of earnings reduces in the presence of IFRS, whereas the interaction of both the variables on book values remains insignificant. Secondly, the use of IndAS reduces discretionary accruals, but corporate governance does not have a significant moderating effect within the equation. Practical implications The results offer an interesting perspective into the debate on IFRS consequences and the role of internal institutional frameworks. It provides preliminary evidence suggesting that although corporate governance improves the value relevance of earnings, it may not be entirely effective in reducing the management of earnings. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first study in India to provide empirical findings on the role played by corporate governance mechanisms in explaining the relationship between IFRS convergence and accounting information quality. The analysis accounts for modelling issues such as endogeneity and autocorrelation by using dynamic panel models and instrumental variables.

GST dynamics in India: Exploring state revenue trends, GDP impact, and economic resilience

Since its inception, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been established as a pivotal revenue source for both the central and state governments in India. A comprehensive understanding of the evolving role of GST in shaping India's taxation landscape and influencing both central and state fiscal strategies is aimed to be offered by the research. An analysis of GST collections was presented, and variations in states' revenue performance before and after the implementation of GST were discussed in the study. This examination could include how different states adapted to the new tax regime and whether disparities in revenue generation were present. The data of GST collections across states was utilized, and the variation in the average growth of government revenue after the implementation of GST was analyzed. Descriptive statistics, Paired Sample T tests, and Regression were the statistical techniques used for the analysis. The findings of the study indicate a fluctuating trend in India's GST collections, with Maharashtra consistently leading but experiencing a notable decline in FY 2024. The average growth of GST collections shows an increasing trend until 2023, with a decrease in 2024. Paired T test results reveal a significant positive impact on government revenue growth post-GST implementation across all states. The regression analysis underscores a significant relationship between GST and GDP, emphasizing its broad economic influence. Implications include the need for nuanced policy responses to regional variations and consideration of GST dynamics in economic policymaking for sustained positive effects on government revenue growth and economic stability.

Trends in co-morbidities during COVID-19 waves: A study of prevalence and dynamics in India

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants have instigated the global COVID-19 pandemic, which unfolded in waves over nearly three years since its emergence in 2019. Variances in host immune responses have resulted in a spectrum of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to mild, moderate, severe pneumonia-like, or critical conditions. For many individuals, symptomatic conditions exacerbated and posed life-threatening risks, particularly when co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension, malignancies, and HIV were present. This study was aimed to ascertain the co-morbidity trends across the two major waves of COVID-19. Method: In India, COVID-19 patients from the first wave (April 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021) and the second wave (March 1, 2021 to October 1, 2021) were categorized into asymptomatic, moderate, severe, and critical groups, with 100 patients in each category. These patient groups were further subdivided based on co-morbidities and subjected to data analysis. Results: Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and lung complications were identified as common co-morbidities significantly impacting the quality of life for COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Our data analysis has highlighted the influence of co-morbidities or multi-morbidities in exacerbating severe and critical conditions during both waves 1 and 2 of COVID-19 infections. Keywords: co-morbidities; COVID-19; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; lung complications

Impact of Vaccine Activated Immunity Enhancement on SARS-CoV-2 Spread Dynamics in India and IgG Antibodies Prevalence in Japan Population

Impact of Vaccine Activated Immunity Enhancement on SARS-CoV-2 Spread Dynamics in India and IgG Antibodies Prevalence in Japan Population

Optimizing Digital Financial Data: Enhancing Business Decision Making in the Indian Scenario

The study aims to explore challenges hindering inclusive access to digital financial inclusion (DFI) in the Indian financial sector, focusing on the role of automation in financial decision-making support systems. It also seeks to assess the impact of digital technologies on corporate financial performance and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations. Descriptive research methodology was conducted to analyse challenges affecting inclusive access to DFI, with a sample size of 388 participants from major financial institutions in Mysore city. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires, and secondary data was obtained from relevant literature and reports. Statistical methods including ANOVA were employed for data analysis. The analysis revealed non-significant differences in digital literacy programs and technological infrastructure among banks, highlighting a uniform approach and the need for standardized development. Significant variation was observed in gender-based challenges, emphasizing the necessity for tailored initiatives. Non-significant differences in automation adoption and system usage imply a consistent approach across banks, though further investigation is warranted. Borderline significance in stakeholder perception suggests diverse opinions, requiring proactive management during digital transformation. The study underscores the importance evaluations and collective efforts to address challenges hindering inclusive access to digital financial services in India. While certain aspects exhibit consistency, targeted interventions are needed to foster inclusivity and maximize the potential of digital technologies. Future research should explore stakeholder perceptions and influencing factors behind automation adoption trends to enhance understanding of digital financial inclusion dynamics in India.

The independent and interdependent self-affirmations in action: Understanding their dynamics in India during the early phase of the COVID-19 lockdown

The study explored the role of two dissimilar familial and religious practices in distinctly shaping independent and interdependent self-affirmations in two value systems (individualism and collectivism) that emerged to protect self-integrity and self-worth challenged by the threats of COVID-19. A qualitative research design was employed. A heterogeneous sample of 19 participants (10 joint and 9 nuclear families) was recruited who reported in a semi-structured interview about the consequences of COVID-19 and the role of family and religious values in coping with the pandemic threats. The thematic method was used to analyse the data. Codes were generated using a priori criteria while reviewing and re-reviewing, multiple discussions and iterations helped in theme identification and ascertaining validity. Five themes were generated: perceived strong threat of COVID-19, dissimilar genesis of independent and interdependent self-affirmations, positive roles of joint familial values, significance of religious values, and traditional and modern religious routes of self-affirmation. Threats were expressed in experiences of anxiety, uncertainty and mood fluctuations. Interdependence, affiliation and support were joint familial values whereas independence and self-esteem reflected nuclear family-values. Focus on explicit attributes denoted modern while divine interpretation and will of God reflected traditional religious values. Novelty, uncertainty and incurability of COVID-19 caused threats to self-integrity that compelled hem to affirm their most preferred values originating from two family forms. The pandemic posed threats to their self-worth, which in turn, activated affirmations in two distinct value systems leading to the development of independent and interdependent self-affirmations. Study findings will help surface novel features of the two self-affirmations. It provides new insights for making successful behavioural changes at individual, group and community levels for the success of social, health and educational policies.

Beyond the basics: mapping the inflation response to fiscal deficit in India with smooth transition autoregressive model

PurposeIndia’s historical fiscal performance has featured elevated deficit levels. Driven by the imperative need for fiscal stimulus measures in response to the crisis, efforts toward fiscal consolidation from 2003 to 2008 were reversed in 2008–2009 due to the financial crisis. These stimulus actions are believed to have wielded a notable influence on inflation dynamics. Presumably, a high inflation rate hinders growth and inflicts severe welfare costs. Accordingly, the principal objective of this paper is to scrutinise the threshold effects of fiscal deficit on inflation within the context of the Indian economy.Design/methodology/approachWe employed the Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) Model, a robust tool for capturing non-linear relationships, to discern the specific threshold level of fiscal deficit. Our analysis encompasses annual data spanning from 1971 to 2020. Additionally, we have leveraged the Toda-Yamamoto causality test to establish the existence and direction of a causal connection between fiscal deficit and inflation in the Indian economy.FindingsOur analysis pinpointed a critical threshold level of 3.40% for fiscal deficit, a value beyond which inflation dynamics in India undergo a marked transition, signifying the presence of significant non-linear effects. Moreover, the results derived from the Toda-Yamamoto causality test offer substantiating evidence of a causal relationship originating from the fiscal deficit and leading to inflation within the Indian economic framework.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of our study carry significant implications, particularly for the formulation and execution of both fiscal and monetary policies. Understanding the threshold effects of fiscal deficit on inflation in India provides policymakers with valuable insights into achieving a harmonious balance between these two critical economic variables.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to empirically investigate threshold effects of fiscal deficit on inflation in India from a non-linear perspective using the Smooth Transition Autoregression (STAR) model.

Exploring the Intersection of Authorship and Ownership: A Study of Indian Copyright Law in Creative Works

In the context of Indian copyright law, this research study examines the complex link between authorship and ownership, with a particular emphasis on the ramifications for authors of creative works. This study sheds light on the intricate issues regarding copyright ownership in the Indian setting by examining legal statutes, court decisions, and real-world applications. This study provides insights into the difficulties and opportunities faced by creators in defending their intellectual property rights by examining the standards for authorship, the distribution of ownership rights, and the effects of the copyright law on artists and creative industries. It also examines important issues and disagreements, such as disagreements on collaborative writing, work-for-hire contracts, and the preservation of traditional knowledge. In the end, this study advances our knowledge of copyright dynamics in India and offers suggestions for legislative changes that would promote a fair and just copyright system that is encouraging of innovation and artists.

Cognition, depression, and functional health profiles (CoDe-F) of non-debilitated aged in the coastal belt of southern India: An explorative study at homes for the aged

IntroductionCognitive function, depression, and functional health profiles of older adults directly predict overall well-being. Family dynamics in India are changing mainly due to urbanization, migration of the younger generation for education or employment, and change in the social system, making the elderly parents alone and slowly getting transferred to old age homes. Hence, the investigators were interested in determining the functional health, depression, and cognitive decline among young and middle-aged non-debilitated institutionalized older adults. ObjectivesTo determine the correlation between cognitive function and depression among the young-old and old-old elderly and determine the functional health profiles of non-debilitated older adults residing at the old age homes of the coastal part of southern India. Study designAn exploratory study at the homes for the aged. MethodologyThe survey was conducted at old age homes after obtaining permission from the respective authorities. Socio-demographic proforma, functional health profiles, Modified Barthel Index, Short-form depression scale, and Muscle strength assessments were the data collection instruments. Statistical Analysis was done through Jamovi. (Version 2.3). Descriptive statistics and Karl Pearson's parametric statistic test were applied. ResultsMontreal's cognitive assessment revealed that 81% of the elderly had borderline cognitive impairment. The short-form geriatric depression score revealed that 87% reported mild depressive symptoms. As cognitive ability declined, depressive symptoms were common among institutionalized older adults (r = −0.494, p < 0.05) ConclusionDepression, cognitive impairment, and functional health profiles of older adults residing at old age homes need to be monitored regularly, and appropriate interventions must be employed to improve their quality of life.