Dynamic Process Of Interaction Research Articles

Response of extreme precipitation to increasing extratropical cyclonic vortex frequency

Since the 2000s, extratropical extremes have been more frequent, which are closely related to anomalies of planetary-scale and synoptic-scale systems. This study focuses on a key synoptic system, the extratropical cyclonic vortex (ECV) over land, to investigate its relations with extreme precipitation. It was found that ECVs have been more active post-2000, which has induced more extreme precipitation, and such variation is projected to persist along with increasing temperature within 1.5°C of global warming. An enhanced quasi-stationary vortex (QSV) primarily contributes to the ECV, rather than inactive synoptic-scale transient eddies (STEs). Inactive STEs respond to a decline in baroclinicity due to the tendency of the homogeneous temperature gradient. However, such conditions are helpful to widening the westerly jet belt, favoring strong dynamic processes of quasi-resonant amplification and interaction of STEs with the quasi-stationary wave, and the result favors an increasing frequency and persistence of QSVs, contributing to extreme precipitation.摘要自21世纪以来, 热带外极端降水频次增加. 随着中高纬度的显著增温, 经向温度梯度减弱导致低层大气斜压性减小, 由此产生的气旋型瞬变涡天气系统等活动减弱. 然而, 热力分布导致西风急流带变宽, 经向环流加大, 有助于行星尺度波动相关的涡旋异常增加, 如东北冷涡, 中亚涡, 东欧-地中海涡, 北美涡等, 进而增加了气旋涡影响范围的极端降水频次. 在未来变暖背景和1.5°C增温的目标内, 热带外气旋涡增强会进一步促进极端降水发生.

Deep reinforcement learning with the confusion-matrix-based dynamic reward function for customer credit scoring

Customer credit scoring is a dynamic interactive process. Simply designing the static reward function for deep reinforcement learning may be difficult to guide an agent to adapt to the change of the customer credit scoring environment. To solve this problem, we propose the deep Q-network with the confusion-matrix-based dynamic reward function (DQN-CMDRF) model. Especially, the new constructed dynamic reward function can adjust the reward dynamically according to the change of confusion matrix after each deep Q-network model training, which can guide the agent to adapt to the change of environment quickly, so as to improve the customer credit scoring performance of the deep Q-network model. First, we formulate customer credit scoring as a finite Markov decision process. Second, to adjust the reward dynamically according to the customer credit scoring environment, the dynamic reward function is designed based on the confusion matrix. Finally, we introduce the confusion-matrix-based dynamic reward function into the deep Q-network model for customer credit scoring. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, we introduce four evaluation measures and make a series of experiments on the five customer credit scoring datasets. The experimental results show that the constructed dynamic reward function can more effectively improve customer credit scoring performance of the deep Q-network model, and the performance of the DQN-CMDRF model is significantly better than that of the other eight traditional classification models. More importantly, we find that the constructed dynamic reward function can accelerate the convergence speed and improve the stability of the deep Q-network model.

Dynamic Analysis of Monopile-Type Offshore Wind Turbine Under Sea Ice Coupling With Fluid-Structure Interaction

The interaction between vertical offshore wind turbine (OWT) and sea ice with fluid is a complex process including local and global crushing of ice fragments and vibration of OWT. It is crucial to study the ice resistance of OWT structures considering the fluid-structure interaction (FSI). This article investigates a complete process of dynamic sea ice-monopile OWT interaction considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) and FSI effects. A fully coupled dynamic collision model of sea ice and OWT incorporating with the explicit non-linear collision tool ANSYS/LS-DYNA is proposed. The simulated ice loads in this study is verified by different simulation methods and international static ice force standards closely related to ice dynamic characteristic parameters. Then, the dynamic response and damage of the OWT structure during ice-structure interaction are studied using the fully interaction model with FSI coupling. The simulated ice force can produce a significant vibration response in the structure coupling with FSI due to occurrence of ice-induced resonance in the ice velocity range of 2.5–3.5 cm/s. Finally, the effect of fluid on the sea ice-OWT interaction in the initial velocity collision of sea ice is analyzed. FSI coupling can cause a certain level of collision hysteresis, accelerate the failure of sea ice breaking and reasonably reduce the energy of the structure.

Artificial intelligence biology—biology V3.0

<p indent="0mm">Despite significant progress, modern biology research is facing a huge bottleneck in its development due to lack of revolutionary theoretical frameworks. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) based on big data and deep learning is spurring “Biology V3.0”—Artificial intelligence biology (AI Biology, AIBIO). We define AI Biology as the science of using the principles and means of AI to study the basic laws of living systems. AI Biology is characterized by its ability to integrate multi-dimensions and multi-factors involved in the dynamic process of intermolecular interactions and regulations, so as to truly understand the basic principles in life sciences. As a new life science discipline, AI Biology has the potential to fundamentally change the existing paradigm of biological research, to expand both the connotation and the complexity of biological research, to answer some of the fundamental questions in biological science, and to achieve substantial breakthroughs in key areas of life science and medical science.

A Study of the Effect of Impact Speed on the Dynamics of Mechanical Interactions of Bodies

The mechanorheological viscoelastic plastic model was used to study the effect of impact speed on the dynamics of mechanical interaction of a spherical body with the surface. An analysis of the impact process made it possible to draw some conclusions. The impact interaction time depends on the impact speed and mechanical properties of the material. The impact time decreases with an increase in the impact speed, a decrease in plasticity, and an increase in elasticity. With an increase in the impact speed, the impact time decreases. During the experiment, the initial impact speed increased 10 times. During the impact interaction, the body deformation increased 6-7 times. According to the calculations, the average body deformation speed also increased 10 times. As a result, the time for travelling a distance equal to the elastic and plastic deformation when loading bodies and the elastic deformation when unloading bodies decreased. The total deformation is composed of elastic and plastic components. With an increase in the impact speed, the plastic component increases, which decreases the unloading time due to a decrease in the elastic component. The impact time is an important characteristic of the dynamic process of interaction. Therefore, when identifying theoretical models to the real processes, these parameters should be congruent. To improve the modeling accuracy and reliability for various technological processes under dynamic loads, it is necessary to take into account various factors.

Human-like driving decision at unsignalized intersections based on game theory

Unsignalized intersection driving is challenging for automated vehicles. For safe and efficient performances, the diverse and dynamic behaviors of interacting vehicles should be considered. Based on a game-theoretic framework, a human-like payoff design methodology is proposed for the automated decision at unsignalized intersections. Prospect Theory is introduced to map the objective collision risk to the subjective driver payoffs, and the driving style can be quantified as a tradeoff between safety and speed. To account for the dynamics of interaction, a probabilistic model is further introduced to describe the acceleration tendency of drivers. Simulation results show that the proposed decision algorithm can describe the dynamic process of two-vehicle interaction in limit cases. Statistics of uniformly-sampled cases simulation indicate that the success rate of safe interaction reaches 98%, while the speed efficiency can also be guaranteed. The proposed approach is further applied and validated in four-vehicle interaction scenarios at a four-arm intersection.

Neutrally charged nanosilver antimicrobial effects: A surface thermodynamic perspective

Nanosilver (AgNP) has a large surface area that contributes to enhanced interactions with bacteria, as well as silver ion release. The actual AgNP antimicrobial effect is determined by the AgNP size. AgNPs with smaller diameters showed better antimicrobial effects because smaller AgNPs had larger surface areas, which led to greater silver ion release and stronger attachment to bacteria. The attachment of AgNPs to bacterial surfaces is attributed to the attractive interactions between the AgNPs and bacteria, which is also a function of the size of AgNPs. Although the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs has been extensively studied, there is a gap between antimicrobial effects of AgNPs on bacteria and their subsequent attachment. To fully understand the antimicrobial effectiveness of different-sized AgNPs, this study investigated the dynamic process of AgNP-bacteria interactions in aqueous media, including AgNP aggregation, AgNP attachment, and antimicrobial effects. AgNP-AgNP and AgNP-bacteria interactions were quantified based on DLVO and surface chemistry theories, which were used to interpret subsequent AgNP aggregation, AgNP-bacteria attachment and AgNP antimicrobial observations.

"It is not O.K to think that you are good just because you have graduated from overseas": Agency and contextual factors affecting Vietnamese returning graduates

AbstractOver the past decade, a growing number of graduates, originally from key source countries of international students such as China and Viet Nam, have returned home after graduation from overseas universities. In particular, there seems to be a recent surge in the number of international graduates heading home due to the high unemployment, tightening migration, rising national protectionism and emerging challenges, exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, in major host countries such as Australia, the UK and the United States. While there has been emerging empirical research on international returning graduates’ contributions to their home country development, little is known about graduates’ own perceptions of the impacts of the contextual factors on their homecoming decision and their home labour market navigation. Draving on a qualitative study, this article responds to this critical gap in the literature by conceptualising returnee employability as a dynamic interactive process between multiple forces in the host and home labour markets and broader socio‐economic contexts, and between these forces and returnee agency. It identified interrelated contextual factors in the host and home contexts that drive Vietnamese graduates home, including challenges in securing migration, and insecure job prospects facing them in Australia and simultaneously, greater employment and business opportunities at home. In particular, the study found that contextual factors such as sector characteristics, types of employers, economic performance and cultural practices create an institutional environment, in which returnees’ agency is enacted, resulting in different returnees’ labour market navigation experiences and employment outcomes. Significant recommendations for key stakeholders in both home and host countries to support international graduate employability are provided.

The formation of transient defects during high power laser-coating interaction revealed by the variation of electron beam evaporated coatings’ optical constants with temperature

The knowledge of the optical properties of coating materials at high temperatures is important for understanding the dynamic process of high-power laser-material interactions. In this paper, the variations of refractive index and physical thickness of single layer coatings were studied by ellipsometric spectroscopy at different temperatures. From 23 °C to 320 °C, a decrease and then an increase of the refractive index of SiO2, and HfO2 single layer was observed, while the thickness of these layers increased first and then decreased. The inflection points of different coating materials occurred at different temperatures. Water evaporation processes, densification and hydrophilicity of films were used to explain the temperature dependent properties of the dielectric coatings. Results of the variation of refractive index and thickness of single layer coatings at different temperatures in the vacuum proved the mentioned theory. Moreover, HfO2 single layer shows better resistance to both temperature change and vacuum change, indicating that it is promising for high-reflective coatings in photoelectric devices. Besides, the formation of transient defects during high power laser irradiation was interpreted considering the optical properties variation with temperature. Three confusing and debated issues concerning laser-coating interaction are interpreted and explained.

Dynamic Simulation of Power Systems Considering Transmission Lines Icing and Insulators Flashover in Extreme Weather

Global climate deterioration caused by excessive carbon emissions poses a severe threat to the stable operation of power systems. In extreme snow and ice weather, complex faults, such as ice-covered line breakage and insulator flashover, may be triggered. Hybrid simulations to reveal the influence mechanism and dynamic interaction process between extreme weather and power systems have become a research focus. Relationship models between meteorological conditions and grid failure were constructed in ice accretion and insulator flashover scenarios. Based on the above two models, a multi-variable and multi-time scale hybrid simulation of the meteorological process and power system, considering line icing and insulator flashover, was realized. An example was provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed simulation scheme.

“We are the Time”: the Dynamics of Time and the Sense of the Past in the Narratives of the Family Memory. Part II

Based on the results of the analysis of narrative interviews of three generations of residents of Lipetsk, this article identifies and comprehends the features of the representation of family time, the main types of events in family history and the forms of continuity of family traditions. The methods of constructing time and eventfulness were analyzed in the context of cultural practices of everyday life, perceived as traditions of work, everyday life and leisure. On the basis of the biographical method of Fritz Schütze, positive and negative curves of biographical stories were identified, which were compared with the “family scenarios” represented in the narratives of the people of Lipetsk. The combination of F. Schütze's biographical method and S. Jaeger's critical discourse analysis allowed us to identify and compare general tendencies that, on the one hand, turned out to be dominant in the family memory narratives of three generations of Lipetsk residents, and on the other hand, were clearly represented in the media discourse of public commemorations. The first trend was the unconditional growth of the meaningfulness of family history as the age of our respondents increased. The second most important trend was the use by respondents of the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 as a kind of "worldview" framework for interpreting the events of family history and its basic meanings. The third trend was the pronounced desire to avoid comprehending the tragic events of family history and the uncritical perception of the biographies of family members during the era of repression in the 1930s. The fourth trend was the absolute dominance of a strong type of continuity in relation to family traditions. It was revealed that the deployment of family temporality appears as a process of constant and dynamic interaction with the semantic space of the historical culture of the region and its practices of using the past.

Socio-cultural aspects of communicative interaction in the modern field of public urban transport

The paradigm of changes in the megapolis social order, directly related to the need for a mobile appropriation of the urban transport system, has determined the qualitative nature of modification of everyday practices related to the need for mobility. Becoming a participant of everyday practices in public urban transport, the individual by implementing social practices gets involved in the communicative field of interactions of transport infrastructure, which reflects the stratification differentiation of society on the factors of the possibility to realize the rights to mobile movement. In this regard, the study of the social order of urban transport is promising. Within this order the individual models its own behavioral rules, on the one hand, and, being involved in interactive events, translates mass interactions into his or her consciousness and actions on the other. The changing nature of life programming of a modern citizen, directly related to the activity of communication processes, determines the understanding of public urban transport not only as a unique socio-cultural space but also as a dynamic process of information and communication interactions, within which the cultural identity of the individual is accompanied by his spiritual activity, modifying the nature of social communication.

Institutional environment of modern land relations

The expediency of reviewing the development of the institutional environment of modern land relations has been established, as it is the main factor in the formation of a new paradigm of land management development. Institutions that together form the institutional environment of land relations according to the formal approach are proposed and characterized: institute of land ownership, institute of land use law, institute of land use payment, institute of municipality, institute of state control, institute of land accounting, institute of land use for agriculture, institute land use, institute of communication. It is established that long-term dynamic processes of interaction in land relations, revision and improvement of the institutional environment need to be modernized through the implementation of new institutions. It is emphasized that the trends of economic development and productive forces require a review of the balance of economic, environmental and social priorities related to sustainable use, protection and reproduction of land potential, which can be realized through land management measures. It is determined that at the state, regional and local levels the same institutions that affect land relations have different tasks, content and tools for the implementation of their powers in terms of use, protection and reproduction of land potential.

Identifying the dynamic evolution and feedback process of water resources nexus system considering socioeconomic development, ecological protection, and food security: A practical tool for sustainable water use

Abstract. The accelerated consumption of water resources caused by the rapid increase in population and urbanization is intensifying the complex interactions across water resources, socioeconomic development, ecological protection, and food security (WSEF), which causes not only the imbalance between water supply and demand but also the vulnerability of both food and ecological systems. Therefore, identifying the dynamic coevolution and feedback process is one of the most crucial ways of achieving the goal of sustainable water use. In this study, we developed an integrated modeling framework to better identify the dynamic interaction and coevolution process of the nexus across WSEF systems in the context of sustainable water uses by coupling system dynamic (SD) model and multi-objective optimization model. The SD model is used to simulate both the dynamic interaction of each agent and the coevolution process of the whole nexus system by positive/negative feedback loops. The multi-objective optimization model is used to quantify the negative feedback loops of the SD model by generating the optimal scheme of different water users. Finally, the model uncertainty considering different weighting factors is analyzed. The framework is applied to the upper reaches of the Guijiang River basin, China. Results show that (i) the rapid economic growth increases the conflict between the water uses for socioeconomic development and ecological protection, intensifying the ecological awareness and resulting in more water shortages of socioeconomic and food agents, which is unable to support such rapid development. (ii) Once the economic growth rate decreases, water resources are able to support economic development with a decreased overload index and stable crop yield, which further contributes to water sustainability. (iii) The river ecological agent is the critical factor that affects the robustness of the model. (iv) The equal consideration of each water usage is the most beneficial to sustainable development. These results highlight the importance of water resources management, considering the tradeoffs across multiple stakeholders, and give a strong reference to policymakers for comprehensive urban planning.

Perspective and the Past: Modeling Historical Representation from Camera Obscura to Virtual Reality

Abstract This article examines the concept of “perspective” as an embodied metaphor with ontological and epistemological implications for the modeling of historical understanding of contested pasts. The metaphors employed in modeling past reality shape how we make sense of the controversial past. In particular, I explore how perspectival metaphorical models conjure the notions of presence/proximity/engagement and absence/distance/detachment. To open this up, the paper juxtaposes two distinct models of seeing and knowing as sources of embodied metaphor: 1) static and distancing optical metaphors of cognition, and 2) a “post-cognitive” (i.e., enactive, embodied and dynamic) process of interaction. I argue that the shift towards the affective, experiential and immersive forms of engagement in historical representation is indicative of the growing importance of dynamic, embodied and interactive features in mediated models of the past. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of virtual reality as an emergent medium that offers a new way of modeling the past. Despite its novelty, however, virtual reality raises age-old questions about the dynamics of engagement and detachment in historical understanding.

Real-time monitoring the interfacial dynamic processes at model cell membranes: Taking cell penetrating peptide TAT as an example

A real-time and molecule-level monitoring of the interfacial dynamic interactions between molecules and a cell membrane is of vital importance. Herein, taking TAT, one of the most representative cell penetrating peptides, as an example, a photo-voltage transient technique and a dynamic giant bistratal vesicle (GBV) leakage method were combined with the traditional giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) leakage assays, to provide a molecule-level understanding of the dynamic membrane interaction process performed in a low ionic strength and neutral pH condition. The photo-voltage test based on supported phospholipid bilayers showed a quick disturbance (<1 min) followed by a continuous reconstruction of the membrane by peptides, leading to a slight destruction (at TAT concentrations lower than 1 μg mL−1, i.e., 0.64 μM) or strong damage (e.g. at 10 μg mL−1, i.e., 6.4 μM) of the bilayer structure. The GUV/GBV leakage assays further demonstrated the TAT-induced membrane deformation and transmembrane diffusion of dyes, which occurred in an immediate, linear, and TAT-concentration dependent manner. Moreover, the flux of dye across the substrate-immobilized membranes was approximately three times of that across the substrate-free ones. This work gives information on time and molecular mechanism of the TAT-membrane interactions, demonstrates the different permeabilizing effects of TAT on immobilized and free membranes. Overall, it provides useful strategies to investigate the nano-bio interfacial interactions in a simple, global and real-time way.

Collaboration between the government and environmental non-governmental organisations for marine debris policy development: The Taiwan experience

Marine debris are a primary environmental issue second only to climate change. Public-private collaboration is considered the most effective approach to tackling this problem, but few studies have reported how the government could collaborate with citizens for greater policy development. In 2018, the Taiwanese government announced that the marine debris action plan could be successful. It is a bottom-up action by environmental protection groups to establish a cooperative relationship with the government. In this study, we analyse the dynamic interaction process by government, Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (ENGOs), and the public during the past two decades through the lens of contextual interaction theory (CIT). The CIT analysis revealed that raising public awareness, establishing a relationship of trust, establishing effective public-private communications, and collaboration platforms are critical factors that allowed the government and ENGOs to jointly formulate the marine debris governance action plan. Hence, our results may provide insights for citizen groups seeking to influence policymaking.

Stability and influencing factors when designing incentive-compatible payments for watershed services: Insights from the Xin’an River Basin, China

Payments for watershed services (PWS) conceptualizes as a powerful tool with which to address the conflict interests of watershed users. This is true in China’s PWS program in the Xin’an River Basin (XRB), as it provides a lens to survey how incentive coordination shapes the behavior of multi-stakeholders to improve water qualities. To explore an incentive-compatible PWS mechanism, this study investigates the interactive behavior among providers and buyers in the PWS-XRB program, with the significant involvement of regulator planners by advancing a tripartite evolutionary game model. The evolution and steady state strategies of those stakeholders are then proposed based on replicated dynamics equations. Lastly, a case-based numerical simulation serves to demonstrate theoretical outcomes and furnish pivotal insights below: (1) the strategy selections for the different PWS-XRB stakeholders manifests in a constant dynamic interactive and optimization process; (2) high ecological transfer payments and high opportunity costs could inspire both buyers and providers’ enthusiasm to carry out the PWS-XRB program; (3) the central regulator could ensure the proper implementation of payment systems, by increasing penalties for those who are unwilling to participate in the PWS-XRB program. This study illuminates an efficient approach and insight for the design of an incentive-compatible PWS scheme to promote the improvement of watershed governance.

Dynamic process of rock avalanche and dynamic interaction between rock avalanche and hazard-bearing bodies

Dynamic process of rock avalanche and dynamic interaction between rock avalanche and hazard-bearing bodies

Football Match Dynamics Explored by Recurrence Analysis.

A widely accepted notion of football matches in performance analysis (PA) is to consider them as dynamic interaction processes with emerging behaviors. The description and analysis of these processes requires specific methods. Recurrence analysis is a technique for analyzing complex systems in many domains like astrophysics, earth sciences, engineering, biology, cardiology, and neuroscience. Its general concept is to examine the recurrence behavior of a system, as in when, how often and how close its trajectory in a phase space returns to a previous state. The aim of the study is to apply recurrence analysis to football matches. Positional data from 21 football matches of a German Bundesliga team were examined. The phase space was made up of the field players' x,y-positions at each second of the match. For each pair of seconds, the average distance of all the players between their positions at these two time points was calculated. Recurrence plots (RPs) were obtained by color-coding these distances. With a recurrence threshold of rt = 9 m and a minimum line length of lmin = 3 s, general recurrence parameters were calculated to characterize the individual recurrence behaviors of each match. Three football-specific recurrence parameters were defined to represent recurrence properties of open play. RPs showed commonalities (typical features indicating set plays and continuous gameplay) as well as unique structures during each match (number, distribution, and sequence of typical features). The recurrence parameters showed several significant correlations with traditional performance indicators like number of goals and passes completed, e.g., the correlation between number of goals and recurrence rate is r = −0.622 (p = 0.003). By extending the sample and design of recurrence studies, there is great potential for recurrence analysis to improve both the practical and theoretical potential of performance analysis.