Dynamic Process Of Interaction Research Articles

SOLUTION OF THE EQUATION OF IMPACT THE ELASTIC BODY, ONE OF WHICH CONE

The impact interaction of elastic bodies with a small initial velocity is considered, when one of them is limited in the contact zone with another conical surface of revolution. Using the well-known solution of the static contact problem of the theory of elasticity, which found I. Shtaermann, and the assumptions of G. Hertz, which he made when creating his own theory of quasistatic impact of solids, compiled a nonlinear differential equation of impact force as a function of time. His closed analytical solution, which describes the process of dynamic interaction of bodies in time, is expressed through the periodic Ateb-sine. To simplify the use of the obtained analytical solution in the calculations, a separate table of the specified special function has been compiled and its approximation with elementary functions has been proposed, the relative error of which is less than one percent. In order to confirm the reliability of the constructed solutions, the integration of the equation of impact force on the computer was carried out in parallel. A good agreement is established between the results obtained by the constructed analytical solution and the numerical integration of the nonlinear Cauchy problem on a computer for a second-order differential equation. Compact formulas for the maxima of the impact force and the magnitude of the compression of bodies, as well as the formula for the duration of the impact process are derived. It is noted that the obtained results can be used in determining the dynamic loads acting on the rubber-lined rolls of the vibration classifier when pieces of solid raw materials fall on them. Examples of calculations are given and a comparative analysis of the results is carried out.

Workplace resilience and emotional labour of Australian mental health nurses: Results of a national survey.

Emotional labour is a form of adversity faced by mental health nurses in the context of their workplace interactions. Frequent exposure to emotional adversity can negatively impact mental health nurses' biopsychosocial well-being, workplace relationships, and performance. Workplace resilience is a dynamic interactive process within and between the person and their environment that promotes positive adaptation to adverse events and restores well-being. Workplace resilience could be a protective process that helps mental health nurses positively adapt to workplace emotional adversity. This study aimed to investigate Australian mental health nurses' workplace resilience and emotional labour and explore the relationship between them. A national cross-sectional online survey comprising the Resilience at Work and Emotional Labour scales was completed by registered nurses (n=482) working in a mental health role or setting across Australia. There was a strong negative relationship between resilience and the emotional labour strategy of surface acting. A positive association between resilience, frequency of emotional labour, and clinical supervision was also found. These findings point to a potential link between mental health nurses' skills of cognitive reframing, and emotional and behavioural regulation needed to effectively manage their emotions and remain therapeutic in interpersonal interactions. Clinical supervision may be a key strategy in supporting mental health nurses' resilience. Further investigation of workplace individuals' internal and external resources, and organizational resources, supports, and strategies that can promote and strengthen mental health nurses' well-being is needed.

An analytical method suitable for revealing the instability mechanism of power electronics dominated power systems

In view of the instability phenomenon of power electronics dominated power systems, an analytical method suitable for revealing the instability mechanism of power electronics dominated power systems is proposed. The proposed analytical method divides power electronics dominated power systems into two subsystems: electrical subsystem and control subsystem. First, the weak links of the system are screened out by eigenvalue analytical method, then the linearized relation of state variables in the weak links is derived from the perspective of the electrical subsystem. Through the study of the interactions between the weak links of the electrical subsystem and the related control subsystem, the mechanism of the system instability can be explained by “positive feedback effect” formed by the interactions between the electrical subsystem and the control subsystem. The proposed analytical method can reveal the dynamic interactive process of state variables compared to impedance analytical method and eigenvalue analytical method when the system is unstable. Meanwhile, a linearized model of weak links in the electrical subsystem can be set up specially, helping to reduce the workload. Finally, the analytical method is verified by three study cases when VSC-HVDC is connected to the weak AC power grid under two different operation conditions and when direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator system is connected to VSC-HVDC system.

Design and Simulation of Separate Broadcast Control Architecture of Satellite Delay Tolerant Network for Mass Sensors

Satellite IoT, a combination of satellite and the IoT, will promote the unattended operation and intelligent control of systems and equipment, and provide communication support for the management of everything ubiquitously.Many countries value the research and construction of satellite IoT, for it has broad market prospects. Yet there are problems of excessive delay and bandwidth limitation in the satellite IoT. Therefore, this paper will study the satellite-tolerant network separation broadcast control architecture for mass sensors. Firstly, it analyzes the development situation and challenges of satellite IoT under the new generation of communication, summarizes the development of 5G satellites and IoT, and comprehensively analyzes the component of satellite IoT, based on which it proposes a satellite delay network separation and broadcast control method for massive sensors. Based on the software-defined network, the satellite IoT architecture was innovated, and the dynamic layered protocol and interaction process of the satellite IoT was designed. Through OPNET simulation, the architecture of this paper is improved in terms of resource utilization efficiency and latency.

Dynamic Interaction Process Analysis Between Failure-Detecting Light Pulse and 2D Optical Encoder in Link Health Detection System for PON

We explore the dynamic interaction process between the failure-detecting light pulse and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based two-dimensional (2-D) optical encoder in a link health detection system (LHDS) for a passive optical network (PON). The dynamic interaction model for PON-LHDS with a 2-D optical encoder supporting 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m-1</sup> users is derived by discussing the overlap between the failure-detecting light pulse spectrum and the FBG reflection spectrum, where m is the number of the failure-detecting light sources. A series of received light pulses for PON-LHDS with six wavelength channels involving 32 users are obtained based on the model, considering the variation of the FBG parameters. The simulation results show that the central wavelength difference between the failure-detecting light pulse and the coding FBG is the key factor affecting a system performance that 0.1 nm central wavelength difference will reduce the equivalent reflection coefficient to 0.89 and result in a 6.56-dB peak power difference of the coded signal. The PON-LHDS with a 32-user 2-D optical encoder is a setup, and the experiment results indicate that the peak power of the coded signal between two channels has a 2.8-dB difference due to the central wavelength difference, consistent with the calculation results of the dynamic interaction model.

Studying the railroad track geometry deterioration as a result of an uneven subsidence of the ballast layer

A method for calculating impairment of the track geometry under influence of dynamic loads in the course of passing the track unevenness by the rolling stock was developed. The method takes into consideration interrelated short-term processes of dynamic interaction and long-term processes of subsidence of the ballast layer in a mutual influence on each other. Mathematical model of dynamic interaction of the track in the form of a planar three-layer continual beam system with a two-mass discrete system corresponding to the rolling stock is the basis of the first part of the method. This model makes it possible to simulate dynamic loads from individual sleepers to the ballast when the rolling stock passes geometric unevennesses and the track elasticity unevennesses.The second part of the method is based on the phenomenological mathematical model of accumulation of residual deformations formed using the results of laboratory studies of subsidence of individual sleepers in the ballast layer. Peculiarity of this model consists in taking into consideration not only uniform accumulation of residual subsidence from the passed tonnage but also presence of a plastic component of subsidence which depends on the maximum stresses in the history of ballast loading by each sleeper.A new theoretical mechanism of development of the track unevenness was proposed. It takes into consideration not only residual subsidences of the ballast layer but also appearance of gaps under sleepers resulting in a local change of the track elasticity. This mechanism enables taking into consideration the ambiguous influence of subsidences with occurrence of gaps under the sleepers. Subsidence causes an increase in dynamic loads on the track and the ballast layer on the one hand and onset of the gap causes a decrease in the track rigidity and corresponding reduction of dynamic loads on the other hand.Practical application of the developed method was demonstrated on an example of quantitative estimation of long-term uneven subsidences of the ballast layer when changing the sleeper diagram

A theoretical model describing bubble deformability and its effect on binary breakup in turbulent dispersions

Abstract This work addresses bubble deformability and binary breakup induced by turbulent fluctuations in liquid dispersion. In order to explore the dynamic process of bubble-eddy interaction, a theoretical model considering the surface deformation, is proposed through dimensional analysis in this work. Our model indicates that the bubble deformability depends on two key factors: the size ratio between the turbulent structure and the mother bubble, and the Weber number. Binary breakup of one single bubble is described through the degree of the surface deformation, and the effect of breakage constraints on it is investigated. It is found that equal-size breakage is dominated by the energy constraint, while most unequal-size breakage is dominated by the force constraint. The characteristic sizes of effective colliding eddies contributing to the bubble breakup process are computed based on the change of the surface energy. This work not only overcomes the sensitivity of the breakup models for turbulent dispersion systems to these parameters, but also gives good predication of bubble deformability in two-phase turbulent flow.

Theoretical study into efficiency of the improved longitudinal profile of frogs at railroad switches

We have developed a comprehensive method to prolong the time of operation of frogs at railroad switches, based on the consideration of a longitudinal profile of the frog, the magnitude of dynamic forces and normal stresses. We have improved a longitudinal profile of the frog, brand 1/11, project 1740, by the method of surfacing under field operation conditions. The slopes of a trajectory after the passage of an average statistical wheel over the proposed profile amount to 3.7 ‰ instead of 10 ‰ for a standard profile of the frog. It was established that increasing a load on the frog to 60 % at the expense of a deflection under the frog beam leads to the accelerated disarrangement of the frog, as a result of fatigue defects at the rolling surface, while the cost of frog operation in this case increases by five times. We modeled a dynamic interaction between the rolling stock and a standard, as well as the proposed, longitudinal profiles of frogs. Calculation of dynamic processes of the nonlinear interaction between the rolling stock and a standard profile of the frog and the profile restored by surfacing, showed that the magnitude of forces for the proposed frog at the motion speed of 150 km/h is 50 % lower compared with a standard longitudinal profile. At linear simulation of dynamic additions of forces, the magnitude of forces decreases for the proposed profile to 30 %. We employed a graphical method to calculate the magnitudes of axial inertia moments and the moments of resistance in the characteristic cross sections of the frog. The estimation of the stressed-strained state of the frog was performed using equations of five moments for a continuous beam on elastic point supports. It was established that stresses at the static calculation of the frog are low and are much less than the maximum permissible magnitude of stresses for a given grade of steel. Therefore, we can argue that the frog works under a load at the expense of existing reserve of strength.

Performers and an active audience: Movement in music production and perception

Musical communication involves performance and perception processes, both of which engage the sensorimotor system. In much of the performance science literature, however, musical communication is conceptualized as a one-way trajectory from active performer to passive listener, minimizing the contribution of the listener and the collaborative nature of communication. In this paper, we discuss how movement contributes to 1) music performance, through sound production, interperformer coordination, and visual expressivity, and 2) music perception, through the simulation of observed gestures, activation of crossmodal associations, and induction of overt synchronized responses. Embodied music cognition, which treats musical communication as a process of dynamic interaction between individuals, and emphasizes the role of the physical body in mediating between environmental stimuli and subjective experiences, provides a background for our discussion. We conclude the paper with a discussion of how ongoing technological developments are simultaneously enhancing our ability to study musical communication (e.g., via integration of optical motion capture and mobile eye tracking) and, by introducing means of performing music that do not rely on human movement, challenging our understanding of how music and movement relate.

Progresses of Single Molecular Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Studying Biomacromolecule Dynamic Process

Abstract Biomacromolecules participate in various kinds of vital processes. Observing and analyzing their structural dynamic and the dynamic processes of intermolecular interaction at molecular level are important for understanding the action mechanism. Since its advent, single molecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (SM-FRET) has demonstrated its great potential in studying conformational change and interaction process of biomacromolecules, and a series of new mechanisms have been revealed. This review summarized recent progresses of SM-FRET in studying protein structural dynamic, nucleic acid structural dynamic, protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions.

Ponderomotive interaction of high-power cylindrical vector beams with plasma

The spatio-temporal evolution of the interaction of a high-power cylindrical vector (CV) beam with plasma is investigated numerically using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. According to the theory of ponderomotive nonlinearity of plasma, the Drude model with both modified plasma frequency and modified collision frequency is given for depicting the dispersive and dissipative permittivity of plasma with the presence of a high-power laser. The corresponding algorithms of the FDTD method are proposed for numerically simulating the nonlinear dielectric model and for artificially generating the radially and azimuthally polarized CV beams. The simulation results about the 3D dynamic interaction processes between the high-power CV beams and plasma are presented and discussed, by which we find that the plasma has different modulation effects on the two types of CV beams with different polarization states. The anticipated phenomena, such as the self-focusing of a high-power laser beam in plasma and the self-tunneling of plasma, are also verified. This study provides a transient and dynamic simulation method for laser–plasma interaction and also exploits a new approach for the field modulation of laser beams by plasma.

Ponderomotive interaction of high-power cylindrical vector beams with plasma

The spatio-temporal evolution of the interaction of a high-power cylindrical vector (CV) beam with plasma is investigated numerically using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. According to the theory of ponderomotive nonlinearity of plasma, the Drude model with both modified plasma frequency and modified collision frequency is given for depicting the dispersive and dissipative permittivity of plasma with the presence of a high-power laser. The corresponding algorithms of the FDTD method are proposed for numerically simulating the nonlinear dielectric model and for artificially generating the radially and azimuthally polarized CV beams. The simulation results about the 3D dynamic interaction processes between the high-power CV beams and plasma are presented and discussed, by which we find that the plasma has different modulation effects on the two types of CV beams with different polarization states. The anticipated phenomena, such as the self-focusing of a high-power laser beam in plasma and the self-tunneling of plasma, are also verified. This study provides a transient and dynamic simulation method for laser&#x2013;plasma interaction and also exploits a new approach for the field modulation of laser beams by plasma.

A strategic and dynamic land-use transport interaction model for Bogotá and its region

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an integrated and strategic model to simulate the dynamic interaction processes between land-use and transport at an aggregate level in Bogotá region. The model uses Causal Loop Diagrams from Systems Dynamics to explain cause and effect relations and incorporates a calibration for the base-year. This model is inspired by the basic hypothesis of the MARS model, although due to the particular characteristics of the study area, it was necessary to make changes. In cities like Bogotá, there is a lack of understanding of the importance of land-use and transport integration challenges, a focus mainly on the short term, a limited knowledge about quantification of the impact of integrated policies, and uneven information availability. Data limitation has been identified as a significant limitation. Consequently, innovative approaches are required in developing cities to adapt to situations where limited information is available. This paper describes the basis, capabilities, and potential uses of LUTI-Bogotá model.

The relationship between institutions and value creation in software development models

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the possibility for firms to consider institutional settings to systematically direct dispersed individual efforts of discovery and invention towards objects (products or processes) of their interest in order to enhance their value creation capacity. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct a comparative analysis of the different institutional settings within which software products are invented and produced – closed producer-centred model, open user-centred model, and hybrid interactive producer-user model. Findings The authors draw indications regarding the possibility to design institutional settings for value creation and the potential pitfalls tied to these strategic tools. Originality/value A theoretical framework is elaborated in order to understand the different ways in which institutional contexts influence and direct value creation processes. The model analysed shows the firms’ deliberate attempt to stimulate a dynamic process of social interaction and communication which may foster higher levels of creativity and innovation. In order to guarantee the necessary accessibility and to sufficiently motivate external programmers towards the perception of a new code, the firm has to surrender the traditional source through which it appropriates value: barriers to the accessibility of the code developed through IPRs. The adoption of an institutional setting which facilitates dynamic value creation processes suggests, therefore, the need to turn to dynamic mechanisms for value appropriation in parallel.

The Compliance Role: A Proposal for Improved Understanding

Although clearly defining the role of the compliance function is difficult, it is crucial in order to make an organizational compliance programme effective. Reviewing examples from previous discussions, this paper suggests two new and improved ways of conceiving the compliance role. First, the earlier focus on listing compliance roles can be improved when we embed it in a dynamic interactive process with stakeholders. Second, the post-oriented and function-oriented approaches to conceiving the compliance role, which previous discussions did not distinguish, should be separated, with a focus given to the functional role. The paper concludes by discussing implications for organizational managers and researchers for future developments in this topic.

Overlapping community detection based on link graph using distance dynamics

The distance dynamics model was recently proposed to detect the disjoint community of a complex network. To identify the overlapping structure of a network using the distance dynamics model, an overlapping community detection algorithm, called L-Attractor, is proposed in this paper. The process of L-Attractor mainly consists of three phases. In the first phase, L-Attractor transforms the original graph to a link graph (a new edge graph) to assure that one node has multiple distances. In the second phase, using the improved distance dynamics model, a dynamic interaction process is introduced to simulate the distance dynamics (shrink or stretch). Through the dynamic interaction process, all distances converge, and the disjoint community structure of the link graph naturally manifests itself. In the third phase, a recovery method is designed to convert the disjoint community structure of the link graph to the overlapping community structure of the original graph. Extensive experiments are conducted on the LFR benchmark networks as well as real-world networks. Based on the results, our algorithm demonstrates higher accuracy and quality than other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Effect of joint and isolated irregularities of the track on the wear of rails in curves

The purpose of the work is to identifying causes of intensive lateral wear of rails and other track failures in short radius curves using numerical methods. The study has been conducted for the most common type of rolling stock: four-axle freight cars on TsNII-Ch3 bogies, transportation of which makes 75-90% of freight load of the track sections. Thus, it is the effect of these cars which is the main cause of the above disorders. To solve the problem, effect of the following parameters of the track plan on dynamic processes of interaction of the track and rolling stock was investigated in the work: effect of the curves radius, the unbalanced accelerations and the width of the track; effect of local joint and smooth irregularities of the track in plan view. The results of numerical studies. A mathematical model of the spatial dynamic system “vehicle-track” has been used to perform the study, which is based on the design diagrams of the track in the form of long rail beams resting on multiple dissipative elastic supporting sleepers with nonlinear characteristics. This model is implemented in the MathCAD software system.

Parallel Community Detection Based on Distance Dynamics for Large-Scale Network

Data mining task is a challenge on finding a high-quality community structure from large-scale networks. The distance dynamics model was proved to be active on regular-size network community, but it is difficult to discover the community structure effectively from the large-scale network (0.1–1 billion edges), due to the limit of machine hardware and high time complexity. In this paper, we proposed a parallel community detection algorithm based on the distance dynamics model called P-Attractor, which is capable of handling the detection problem of large networks community. Our algorithm first developed a graph partitioning method to divide large network into lots of sub-networks, yet maintaining the complete neighbor structure of the original network. Then, the traditional distance dynamics model was improved by the dynamic interaction process to simulate the distance evolution of each sub-network. Finally, we discovered the real community structure by removing all external edges after evolution process. In our extensive experiments on multiple synthetic networks and real-world networks, the results showed the effectiveness and efficiency of P-Attractor, and the execution time on 4 threads and 32 threads are around 10 and 2 h, respectively. Our proposed algorithm is potential to discover community from a billion-scale network, such as Uk-2007.

A preliminary study of binding site on β-tubulin interacting with the new anti-cancer drug docetaxel

Objective To study the interaction mechanism of anti-cancer drug docetaxel (DTX) and β-tubulin, to determine the binding sites and the involved amino acids between the β-tubulin and docetaxel, and to analyze the dynamic combination process. Methods The docking binding energy and interaction sites of DTX molecules with β-tubulin on the potential energy surface were calculated by molecular docking method. The dynamic interaction process of the low binding energy DTX with β-tubulin was simulated by molecular dynamics method. Results The results of molecular docking showed that there are three interaction sites, including N1, N2 and N3, between DTX and β-tubulin. The DTX molecules with structure of No.1, 2 and 4, which have excellent docking energy, were chose for molecular dynamics simulation. As a result, the dynamic change processes of the system complexes from non-equilibrium to equilibrium were obtained. The simulation results showed that the hydrogen bonds formed by the DTX with structure No.1 were significantly higher than those with structures No. 2 and 4. The solvent accessibility surface area of the DTX with structures No.1, 2 and 4 was higher than that of paclitaxel. Conclusion The model of DTX binding to β-tubulin was established, which could provide theoretical guidance for the design and development of novel paclitaxel anticancer drugs. Key words: Docetaxel; β-tubulin; Structure optimization; Active sites; Dynamic simulation

Physical mechanism on exciton-plasmon coupling revealed by femtosecond pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy

The unclear mechanism of exciton-plasmon coupling interaction in monolayer MoS2-Ag nanoparticles hybrid, as a longstanding target in molecular nanotechnology and catalysis, is systemically investigated with transmission spectra and femtosecond pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy in this paper. The properties of exciton in monolayer MoS2 are strongly enhanced due to the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced by Ag nanoparticles, and manifested by obvious changes in transmission spectra. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic processes of exciton-plasmon coupling interaction with the femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, which indicates that there are three lifetimes, Auger scattering, electron-electron interaction and electron-phonon interaction, and illustrate the reason of the enlarged lifetime in hybrid system. Meanwhile, the intensity of A excitonic state in femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is significantly enhanced by LSPR, instead of excitonic state B. In conclusion, our study can promote the deeper understanding and illustrate the unique merits of the exciton-plasmon coupling interaction in the monolayer MoS2-Ag nanoparticles hybrid system.