Dynamic Equilibrium Theory Research Articles

Deciphering transient carbon footprint for methane dry reforming over Ni@S-1 nanosheet zeolite catalyst

Carbon deposition, an inevitable product operated at high temperatures, is a headache-inducing obstacle to enhance catalyst stability for methane dry reforming (MDR). Herein, we have ingeniously designed sintering-resistant Ni@S-1 nanosheet zeolites to purposefully induce common linear and non-linear deactivation of catalysts during MDR reaction for deciphering carbon footprint. Multiple evidences unveiled that "transient carbon", composed of multi-phenyl-rings via rapidly rearrangement of CHx* fragments, was a crucial vane for catalyst deactivation. Accordingly, we proposed a dynamic equilibrium theory for the generation and elimination of "transient carbon". Achieving this balance was dependent of the matching degree between Ni0 nanoparticles and NiOx(OH)y, which both separately originated from the evolutions of 1:1 and 2:1 Ni phyllosilicates controlled by nanosheet thickness. Delightfully, synthetic Ni@S-1–60nm catalyst with an optimal ratio of Ni0/NiOx(OH)y contributed higher MDR activity and durability. These findings derived a new MDR reaction pathway and afforded value-filled information for developing high carbon-resistant MDR catalysts.

Dynamic spatial price equilibrium, dynamic user equilibrium, and freight transportation in continuous time: A differential variational inequality perspective

In this paper we provide a statement of dynamic spatial price equilibrium (DSPE) in continuous time as a basis for modeling freight flows in a network economy. The model presented describes a spatial price equilibrium due to its reliance on the notion that freight movements occur in response to differences between the local and distant prices of goods for which there is excess demand; moreover, local and distant delivered prices are equated at equilibrium. We propose and analyze a differential variational inequality (DVI) associated with dynamic spatial price equilibrium to study the Nash-like aggregate game at the heart of DSPE using the calculus of variations and optimal control theory. Our formulation explicitly considers inventory and the time lag between shipping and demand fulfillment. We stress that such a time lag cannot be readily accommodated in a discrete-time formulation. We provide an in-depth analysis of the DVI's necessary conditions that reveals the dynamic user equilibrium nature of freight flows obtained from the DVI, alongside the role played by freight transport in maintaining equilibrium commodity prices and the delivered-price-equals-local-price property of spatial price equilibrium. By intent, our contribution is wholly theoretical in nature, focusing on a mathematical statement of the defining equations and inequalities for dynamic spatial price equilibrium (DSPE), while also showing there is an associated differential variational inequality (DVI), any solution of which is a DSPE. The model of spatial price equilibrium we present integrates the theory of spatial price equilibrium in a dynamic setting with the path delay operator notion used in the theory of dynamic user equilibrium. It should be noted that the path delay operator used herein is based on LWR theory and fully vetted in the published dynamic user equilibrium literature. This integration is new and constitutes a significant addition to the spatial price equilibrium and freight network equilibrium modeling literatures. Among other things, it points the way for researchers interested in dynamic traffic assignment to become involved in dynamic freight modeling using the technical knowledge they already possess. In particular, it suggests that algorithms developed for dynamic user equilibrium may be adapted to the study of urban freight modelled as a dynamic spatial price equilibrium. As such, our work provides direction for future DSPE algorithmic research and application. However, no computational experiments are reported herein; instead, the computing of dynamic spatial price equilibria is the subject of a separate manuscript.

Sojourning and Being Well Among Contemporary Chinese Gay Men in a Tourism Destination: An Extension of Dynamic Equilibrium Theory

This study proposes an extension of the dynamic equilibrium model to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the well-being experiences of Chinese gay tourists visiting Thailand. The enhanced model incorporates elements such as stock-challenge, flow-resource, and self-concept clarity, which illuminate the intrinsic dynamics of the inner well-being framework. Findings were derived from a video ethnography conducted collaboratively by researchers and participants. The results demonstrate that the impact of sojourning on well-being among gay Chinese travelers is influenced by their typical life and travel experiences, as well as the personalized meanings they associate with tourism and well-being. These responses are intricately shaped by their personal, social, and cultural contexts. This research provides rich insights into the holiday experiences and behaviors of contemporary Chinese gay adults, emphasizing the need for the development of tailored tourism policies and marketing strategies to cultivate gay-friendly destinations within the Asia region.

Dynamic Cellular Equilibrium Theory of Aging: Integrating Maintenance and Accumulation in the Aging Process

Dynamic Cellular Equilibrium Theory of Aging: Integrating Maintenance and Accumulation in the Aging Process

Fat‐tailed DSGE models: A survey and new results

AbstractWe review recent advances in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium theory concerned with the emergence of fat‐tailed time‐series distributions. Focusing on mechanisms that are firmly grounded in structural equilibrium models, we provide a common reference framework to organize existing contributions according to whether they entail extreme business cycle swings as an endogenous response to small and short‐lived shocks (“thin in, fat out”), or rather as an automatic consequence of large and/or heteroskedastic exogenous impulses (“fat in, fat out”). Within the former class, non‐Gaussian features of equilibrium patterns can endogenously emerge in fully rational, Gaussian environments. Using an empirically plausible real business cycle framework, we also report novel simulation‐based evidence that helps reconcile theoretical predictions with the documented higher‐order properties of time‐series data for output measures.

A temporal investigation of experienced incivility and perpetrated counterproductive work behaviour

AbstractFollowing the principles of dynamic equilibrium theory (DET), this study examined the stable (institutional) and dynamic (episodic) components of mistreatment [experienced incivility and perpetrated counterproductive work behaviours (CWB)] using two longitudinal field samples based on a latent trait–state modelling approach. Study 1 (N = 615) leveraged a weekly lag design over four assessment points and Study 2 (N = 880) leveraged a monthly lag design over five assessment points. Across the two studies, results indicated that the majority of variance in both mistreatment constructs was institutional (i.e., individuals have meaningful set points that persist over time). Furthermore, institutional experienced incivility was positively related to institutional perpetrated CWB (i.e., the set point for experiencing incivility was positively related to the set point for perpetrating CWB). Similarly, episodic experienced incivility was concurrently associated with episodic perpetrated CWB (i.e., atypical episodes of experienced incivility were concurrently related to atypical episodes of perpetrated CWB). Interestingly, episodic experienced incivility did not have a lagged effect on future episodic perpetrated CWB, while episodic perpetrated CWB did have a lagged effect on future episodic experienced incivility. As such, for minor atypical episodes of mistreatment (i.e., incivility), we found evidence of dynamic equilibrium in that there are immediate episodic changes in other forms of mistreatment, but internal adaptive mechanisms appear to neutralize these effects over time. Meanwhile, overt atypical episodes of mistreatment (i.e., CWB) appear to have both immediate and lasting effects on other forms of mistreatment. These results have implications for DET, as well as for predicting the effectiveness of mistreatment research methodologies and interventions.

Disability and morbidity among US birth cohorts, 1998–2018: A multidimensional test of dynamic equilibrium theory

A substantial body of prior research has explored patterns of disability-free and morbidity-free life expectancy among older populations. However, these distinct facets of later-life health are almost always studied in isolation, even though they are very likely to be related. Using data from the US Health and Retirement Study and a multistate life table approach, this paper explores the interactions between disability, morbidity, and mortality by sex and education among four successive US birth cohorts, born from 1914 to 1923 to 1944–1953 and compared in the periods 1998–2008 and 2008–2018. We find little compression of disability but a marked expansion of morbidity across cohorts. However, disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) among those living with chronic morbidities has increased, even though at the population-level DFLE is largely unchanged. Broadly, these patterns suggest that successive cohorts of older populations in the US are experiencing a dynamic equilibrium, where the link between chronic morbidities and disability has weakened over successive cohorts. Investigating patterns by educational attainment, we find marked disparities where the least educated individuals not only live significantly fewer years free of disabilities or chronic morbidities but also have experienced an expansion in morbidity and disability. Our findings suggest that the future trajectory of disability-free life expectancy in the US is increasingly contingent on efforts to improve disease management and control the severe consequences of chronic morbidities.

The temporal dynamics between work stressors and health behaviors.

Applying dynamic equilibrium theory (DET), we examined the temporal dynamics between role overload and three health behaviors (sleep, diet, physical activity). Participants (N = 781) completed five surveys, with 1-month lag between assessments, and the data were analyzed using general cross-lagged panel modeling (GCLM). Results indicated that people had stable health behavior patterns (i.e., there were strong unit effects) that were related to stable role overload patterns (i.e., the chronic role overload and health behavior factors were significantly related). Furthermore, while monthly increases (impulses) in role overload had a negative effect on health behaviors concurrently, health behaviors quickly adapted or regressed back toward previous levels (i.e., there were weak autoregressive and cross-lagged effects after accounting for chronic factors). Impulse response functions were created to show the specific proportion of the initial impulse effect that persisted on each health behavior over time. The results of these response functions indicated that diet and physical activity regressed back to previous levels within 1 month, whereas sleep regressed back to previous levels within 2 months. Collectively, our results suggest that people engage in fairly stable patterns of health behaviors and that these patterns are partly determined by chronic role overload. Our results also suggest that people are generally resilient to temporary changes in role overload, such that the resulting immediate changes in behavior do not persist or become habitual. These results underscore the strength of habits and the resistance to health behavior change, as well as provide support for the use of GCLM for studying DET. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

In Memoriam : Edward O. Wilson (1929-2021): It All Started with Ants.

In Memoriam : Edward O. Wilson (1929-2021): It All Started with Ants.

Analytical solution for vibrations of a curved tunnel on viscoelastic foundation excited by arbitrary dynamic loads

The paper proposes a new analytical solution for the dynamic response of a curved tunnel resting on a viscoelastic foundation subjected to dynamic loads in arbitrary forms. For the derivation, the governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the problem are established based on the Hamilton principle and the dynamic equilibrium theory. The modal superposition method is employed to obtain the explicit formulations of tunnel response, including deflection, velocity, acceleration, bending moment and shear force. The proposed solution is verified by providing comparisons between its results and those from the Finite Element program ABAQUS. Further parametric analysis explore the influence of radius of curvature and soil-structure relative stiffness ratio on the dynamic response of the tunnel. The proposed solution can be used by practitioners for the design of curved tunnels or pipelines.

The Impact of Reclamation on Tidal Flat Morphological Equilibrium

Reclamation is one of the most prominent anthropogenic activities affecting tidal flat morphology and the related ecosystem service. Two representative types of reclamation are upper-flat enclosure and lower-flat enrockment. From a historical perspective, different type of reclamation was adapted in different areas in ancient China. As previous studies on reclamation are often site-specific, the reason that leads to such a difference is unclear. The intertidal dynamic equilibrium theory (DET) provides a comprehensive framework for this quest. Here, we extend the DET with additional effects of reclamation. A model based on DET (DET-ESTMORF) was applied to investigate the impact of reclamation on tidal flats. The model was validated by comparing our results against previous records and observations. Results show that both types of reclamation induce morphological adjustment by enhancing local accretion, which upset the previous equilibrium. Specifically, upper-flat enclosure drives tidal flats into evolution toward wave dominance, whereas lower-flat enrockment causes adjustment toward tidal dominance. Next, the impact of reclamation on tidal flats in different states (prograding or retreating) was investigated. We show that both enclosure and enrockment can induce accretion despite the varying wave climate and sediment supply, with the mean accretion rate raised by 1.8 cm/year and 1.2 cm/year, respectively. However, the resulting profiles are different in shape, especially on retreating flats. Finally, we point out that tidal range and sediment supply are the potential reasons affecting the choice of reclamation types in practices.

A framework for quantifying deviations from dynamic equilibrium theory

AbstractAimIn an age of increased anthropogenic changes, it is crucially important to understand how and why ecological communities change. Community assembly is governed by colonization and extinction processes, and the simplest model describing it is dynamic equilibrium (DE), which assumes that communities are shaped solely by stochastic colonization and extinction events. Deviations from this model can point to the role of species life histories, niches or human stressors acting on communities. Despite its potential to serve as a null model for community dynamics, there is currently no accepted methodology for identifying and measuring such deviations.InnovationHere we propose a new, easily applicable methodology for testing and quantifying deviations of empirically observed time series of community dynamics from the predictions and assumptions of the classical DE model, in which assemblages of independent species undergo stochastic colonization–extinction dynamics with constant rates. The methodology consists of a novel randomization‐based null model to generate synthetic time series (PARIS) and a set of statistics that quantify and test how different facets of community dynamics deviate from DE. These statistics are designed to test the assumptions of the theory, namely species independence and constancy of colonization and extinction rates, and the predictions of the theory regarding the magnitude of changes in species richness and composition.Main conclusionsTested against simulated data and a case study, the proposed methodology is shown to have good statistical properties: acceptable type I error rates, good statistical power and robustness against errors in the data. We discuss alternative methods and present guidelines for practical use of the methodology, hoping it will enhance the applicability of DE as a reference for studying changes in ecological communities.

Have China's exports improved the export technology level of the other BRICS countries? An empirical analysis based on data from SITC

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze whether China's exports can effectively improve the global competitiveness of other BRICS countries' exports from the perspective of intra-BRICS export trade.Design/methodology/approachThis paper extends the multinational trade model and analyzes the mechanism of the technological upgrading effect from the perspective of dynamic general equilibrium theory. In addition, this paper uses the export panel data of 217 products with three-digit SITC codes from China to other BRICS member countries from 2000 to 2016 and constructs a dynamic empirical model for parameter estimation.FindingsThe results show that China's exports to other BRICS member countries can effectively promote the technological improvement of other BRICS member countries' export products. In particular, the formal establishment of the BRICS organization in 2010 has significantly improved the efficiency of China's export technology optimization.Originality/valueIn the background of the prevalence of anti-globalization and the proliferation of protectionism, this paper proves that the deepening of trade cooperation between other BRICS members with China can help optimize their own international trade competitiveness and allow China's development dividend to benefit more countries and people.

THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF MICROECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS

The article determines the essence, distinctive features and functions of the balanced development of microeconomic systems under the influence of globalization phenomena and digital transformations. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was formed by the evolutionary-cyclical theory and the theory of dynamic equilibrium, the main approaches to balanced (sustainable) development. In the course of the study, methods of dialectical cognition, generalization and scientific abstraction were used, the use of which made it possible to form the theoretical foundations of the balanced development of microeconomic systems, taking into account globalization, informatization and digital transformations. The factors of positive and negative influence of globalization processes on the microeconomic systems activity have been established. A coherent relationship between the modern patterns of microeconomic systems development and infocommunication technologies and services they use, was revealed, taking into account the created synergistic effect, which makes it possible to determine the influence of infocommunication technologies on the digital literacy of society and the development of digital economy by taking into account their availability and intensity of use. It is noted that the balanced development of microeconomic systems is a dynamic category aimed at optimizing the process of achieving balanced economic, social and environmental development through the implementation of the dynamic relationship of new functions and qualitative characteristics of systems. It has been determined that the balanced development of microeconomic systems is characterized by excellent features, in particular: economic, ecological, energy and social. The aggregate of microeconomic systems functions, implemented by them in the context of sustainable development and necessary for solving external and internal problems of ensuring high-quality and stable development in the long term, maintaining a dynamic balance and relying on their own capabilities, is characterized. Based on the generalization of existing theoretical approaches and basic provisions of the sustainable development concept at different levels of the hierarchy, taking into account globalization, informatization and digital transformations, a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of microeconomic systems was further developed, based on the establishment of the characteristic distinctive features of the balanced development of enterprises, the activities of which are investigated from the standpoint of their implementation of the totality economic, social and environmental functions.

Endogenous business cycles in a perpetual youth model with financial market imperfections**

AbstractAn economy in which entrepreneurs and financiers interact with each other through an imperfect financial market is investigated by applying a dynamic general equilibrium theory. In each period, there is a certain probability of each entrepreneur's life ending, and a certain number of entrepreneurs are newly born. Although entrepreneurs are potential capital producers, they receive an idiosyncratic productivity shock in each period. Therefore, entrepreneurs who draw higher productivity become capital producers and those who draw lower productivity become lenders. Financiers do not have an entrepreneurial talent for capital production, and thus they lend their assets in the financial market to acquire an interest income. In equilibrium, deterministic endogenous business cycles can occur at the intermediate level of financial constraints.

Dynamic Modeling and Optimization for Vibration Control of a Composite Cantilever With Magnetostrictive Shunt Damper

Structural vibrations can cause excessive noise and damage. Piezoelectric, electromagnetic and magnetostrictive (e.g., Terfenol-D, Galfenol) transducers can convert unwanted vibration into electrical energy, thus they can be used as energy harvesters for powering other devices and as shunt dampers for vibration control. The vibration control method using the dampers with shunt circuits becomes more attractive because such lightweight devices do not cause high load effects and require little or no power supply. To increase broadband damping, it is necessary to establish an accurate structural dynamic model of the dampers and optimize parameters of the shunt circuits, which have been extensively studied in vibration control of piezoelectric and electromagnetic shunt dampers [1]–[4]. Recently, magnetostrictive shunt dampers [5]–[9] begin to receive attention. The experimental results show that the dampers can effectively suppress vibration [5]–[7] and the attenuation of transmissibility of 5–15 dB occurs in the wide frequency range from 400 to 800 Hz [5]. Different expressions and models of the dampers are also presented. The electrical energy loss expressions [8] of a damper with shunt resistance Rs and parallel shunt resistance-capacitance (Rs-Cs) circuits are derived by a purely electrical model. Based on the linear piezomagnetic equations, the storage modulus and loss factor expressions [5] of a damper with negative inductance Ls are derived, a damper’s electromechanical linear model [9] is established, and general analytical expressions for storage modulus and loss factor [9] of the damper with Rs, Ls and series Rs-Cs circuits are derived. However, the above expressions and models are limited because they neglect structural dynamic behaviors of the devices. Although a dynamic compliance model [9] of a vibrating structure is presented, the validity of the model is not proven. A structural dynamic linear model [7] of a composite cantilever with magnetostrictive shunt damper is established. However, three key model parameters [7] are not related to conventional magnetostrictive properties, thus have to be experimentally determined. A generalized structural dynamic model and optimization for vibration control using the magnetostrictive shunt damper have not been reported. In this paper, the structural dynamic modeling framework of a composite cantilever with the magnetostrictive shunt damper is studied. Based on the structural dynamic equilibrium theory, the linear piezomagnetic equations, the law of electromagnetic induction and the circuit theory, the actuation and sensing equations are established to describe the dynamic behaviors of the mechanical-magneto-electro coupled system. The transmissibility, the effective mechanical-mechanical-electro coupled coefficient, the effective storage stiffness and the loss factor of the system are derived from the proposed model. The stability for the system with Rs, Cs and series Rs-Cs circuits are analyzed. The optimal tuning ratio fopt, the optimal electrical damping ratio ζeopt (the corresponding optimal resistance Rsopt and optimal capacitance Csopt) of the series Rs-Cs circuit are obtained by using H2 optimization criteria to minimize the RMS value of transmissibility. The results calculated by the proposed model for the damper are shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2. In Fig.1, comparisons between the calculated and measured results show that the proposed model can accurately describe the transmissibility frequency response curves of the system with positive resistance Rs and positive capacitance Cs, and can predict the changing laws of the resonant frequency and the peak transmissibility with Rs and Cs. Fig.2 (a) shows that to ensure a better damping performance, Rs should have a limitation of [– 60 Ω, 100 Ω] under the stability condition Rs ≥ – Rc (Rc = 460 Ω is the inherent resistance of the damper’s coil [7]). In Fig.2(b), we can discuss the effects of different electrical damping rations of the series Rs-Cs circuit on the transmissibility. Fig.2(c) shows the damping ration of the peak transmissibility under the series Rs-Cs circuit with optimal resistance Rsopt = 55 Ω and optimal capacitance Csopt = 10 μF reaches 90.89%, which is higher than 70.44% under Cs circuit with optimal capacitance Csopt = 5 μF, and 53.29% under Rs circuit with optimal resistances Rsopt = [– 60 Ω, 100 Ω]. The proposed model has clear physical meaning, and can describe the vibration control behaviors of the magnetostrictive shunt damper, thus has very strong practicability.

Soil organic carbon dynamics matching ecological equilibrium theory.

The persistence of soil organic carbon (SOC) has traditionally been explained as a combination of recalcitrance properties and stabilization processes, which lead to the formation of complex organic compounds. However, recent conceptual advances and experimental evidence challenge this view. Here, we test these conceptual advances using a dynamic equilibrium theory of SOC founded on classic ecological theory. We postulate that the persistence of SOC is an equilibrium point where SOC losses resulting from continuous decomposition and SOC gains due to SOC protection are balanced. We show that we can describe the temporal dynamics of SOC remarkably well (average and median R 2 = 0.75) in publicly available SOC time series from experiments that investigated the effects of agricultural practices in arable soils. The predictive power of our simplistic model is not meant to compete with that of current multi‐pool SOC models or recent developments that include microbial loops. The simplicity of our analysis can, however, show how the conceptual distinction between the forces that control SOC loss and gain, and their equilibrium, can shed light on SOC dynamics. Specifically, our analysis shows that, regardless of specific mechanisms, the persistence of SOC will depend on the ultimate equilibrium between SOC gains and losses, which may depend on environmental (e.g. temperature) and ecological (e.g. spatially structured microbial activities) factors and the relative roles of these factors. Future experimental studies should quantify these roles to formulate a new generation of SOC dynamics model.

Envy and Inequality in Income and Wealth in a Dynamic General Equilibrium Theory

( Envidia y Desigualdad en el Ingreso y Riqueza en una Teoria del Equilibrio General Dinamico ) El objetivo de este estudio es abordar las interacciones entre la envidia, el crecimiento economico y la distribucion del ingreso y la riqueza en un modelo de crecimiento heterogeneo de los hogares con estructura economica. En cuanto a la envidia y su impacto, este estudio esta influenciado por el modelo economico con envidia de Gershman (2014). Nos ocupamos del papel (destructivo) de la envidia en la oferta de mano de obra, la distribucion del tiempo entre el trabajo y las actividades destructivas, y la distribucion de la riqueza y el ingreso. El modelo se enmarca en una teoria general del equilibrio general dinamico. La estructura economica se compone de un sector de bienes de consumo y un sector de bienes de capital. El movimiento se describe mediante un conjunto de ecuaciones diferenciales. Simulamos el movimiento de una economia de tres grupos con envidia endogena. Realizamos analisis dinamicos comparativos para mostrar como la envidia y otros cambios exogenos afectan los procesos transitorios y la estructura de equilibrio de la economia.

PRINCIPLES OF MODELING OF THE GENERAL ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM

This paper focuses on formulation of the principles of macroeconomic modeling and their implementation in the theory of general dynamic equilibrium. The subject of the theoretical study is a closed private economy, in which two macroeconomic actors – households and investment firms – interact. Known general scientific principles – the analysis of dimensions, homogeneity and correspondence – are supplemented by specific principles that allow us to obtain an analytical form of behavioral functions. The general properties of these functions are analyzed from the point of view of utility theory. The relationship between the equations of profit and profitability dynamics and the forms of investment function is revealed. A comparative analysis of their properties is carried out. The functions of rates of payment for resources, which take into account their limitations, are proposed. It is shown that endogenous cyclic fluctuations arise in the classical AD – AS model, supplemented by equations of the dynamics of fixed capital and profitability. A mathematical analysis of the proposed model is carried out and its graphical interpretation is given using long-run curves of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Indicators of the state of long-run equilibrium and the condition of its stability are determined.The possible directions of the proposed model are considered. In particular, it is shown that this model can include a financial market in which households and investment firms directly lend money to each other. This market can be represented using two symmetric demand-supply functions that link the interest rate, present and expected future cash reserves.

Dynamic equilibrium behaviour observed on two contrasting tidal flats from daily monitoring of bed-level changes

Dynamic equilibrium theory (DET) has been applied to tidal flats to systematically explain intertidal morphological responses to various distributions of bed shear stress (BSS). However, it is difficult to verify this theory with field observations because of the discrepancy between the idealized conceptions of theory and the complex reality of intertidal dynamics. The core relation between intertidal morphodynamics and BSS distribution can be easily masked by noise in complex datasets, leading to conclusions of insufficient field evidence to support DET. In the current study, hydrodynamic and morphodynamic data were monitored daily for one year on two tidal flats with contrasting wave exposures. BSS distribution was obtained by validated numerical models. Tidal flat dynamic equilibrium behaviour and BSS were linked via Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. We show that the principal morphodynamic modes corresponded well with the respective modes of BSS found at both sites. Tide-induced BSS was the dominant force at both sites, regardless of the level of wave exposure. The overall erosional and steepening trend found at the two flats can be attributed to the prevailing action of tidal forcing and reduced sediment supply. Hence, EOF analysis confirmed that tidal flat morphodynamics are consistent with DET, providing both field and model evidence to support this theory.