Double Reduction Research Articles

Long-term spatiotemporal evolution and coordinated control of air pollutants in a typical mega-mountain city of Cheng-Yu region under the “dual carbon” goal

ABSTRACT Clarifying the spatiotemporal distribution and impact mechanism of pollution is the prerequisite for megacities to formulate relevant air pollution prevention and control measures and achieve carbon neutrality goals. Chongqing is one of the dual-core key megacities in Cheng-Yu region and as a typical mountain-city in China, environmental problems are complex and sensitive. This research aims to investigate the exceeding standard levels and spatio-temporal evolution of criteria pollutants between 2014 and 2020. The results indicated that PM10, PM2.5, CO and SO2 were decreased significantly by 45.91%, 52.86%, 38.89% and 66.67%, respectively. Conversely, the concentration of pollutant O3 present a fluctuating growth and found a “seesaw” phenomenon between it and PM. Furthermore, PM and O3 are highest in winter and summer, respectively. SO2, NO2, CO, and PM showed a “U-shaped”, and O3 showed an inverted “U-shaped” seasonal variation. PM and O3 concentrations are still far behind the WHO, 2021AQGs standards. Significant spatial heterogeneity was observed in air pollution distribution. These results are of great significance for Chongqing to achieve “double control and double reduction” of PM2.5 and O3 pollution, and formulate a regional carbon peaking roadmap under climate coordination. Besides, it can provide an important platform for exploring air pollution in typical terrain around the world and provide references for related epidemiological research. Implications: Chongqing is one of the dual-core key megacities in Cheng-Yu region and as a typical mountain city, environmental problems are complex and sensitive. Under the background of the “14th Five-Year Plan”, the construction of the “Cheng-Yu Dual-City Economic Circle” and the “Dual-Carbon” goal, this article comprehensively discussed the annual and seasonal excess levels and spatiotemporal evolution of pollutants under the multiple policy and the newest international standards (WHO,2021AQG) backgrounds from 2014 to 2020 in Chongqing. Furthermore, suggestions and measures related to the collaborative management of pollutants were discussed. Finally, limitations and recommendations were also put forward. Clarifying the spatiotemporal distribution and impact mechanism of pollution is the prerequisite for cities to formulate relevant air pollution control measures and achieve carbon neutrality goals. This study is of great significance for Chongqing to achieve “double control and double reduction” of PM2.5 and O3 pollution, study and formulate a regional carbon peaking roadmap under climate coordination and an action plan for sustained improvement of air quality. In addition, this research can advanced our understanding of air pollution in complex terrain. Furthermore, it also promote the construction of the China national strategic Cheng-Yu economic circle and build a beautiful west. Moreover, it provides scientific insights for local policymakers to guide smart urban planning, industrial layout, energy structure, and transportation planning to improve air quality throughout the Cheng-Yu region. Finally, this is also conducive to future scientific research in other regions of China, and even megacities with complex terrain in the world.

The Exploring of the Effects of Unit Integral Teaching on Junior High School English Homework Based on the Background of the “Double Reduction” Policy

The Exploring of the Effects of Unit Integral Teaching on Junior High School English Homework Based on the Background of the “Double Reduction” Policy

Integrable Multi-Hamiltonian Systems from Reduction of an Extended Quasi-Poisson Double of {text {U}}(n)

We construct a master dynamical system on a {text {U}}(n) quasi-Poisson manifold, {mathcal {M}}_d, built from the double {text {U}}(n) times {text {U}}(n) and dge 2 open balls in mathbb {C}^n, whose quasi-Poisson structures are obtained from T^* mathbb {R}^n by exponentiation. A pencil of quasi-Poisson bivectors P_{underline{z}} is defined on {mathcal {M}}_d that depends on d(d-1)/2 arbitrary real parameters and gives rise to pairwise compatible Poisson brackets on the {text {U}}(n)-invariant functions. The master system on {mathcal {M}}_d is a quasi-Poisson analogue of the degenerate integrable system of free motion on the extended cotangent bundle T^*!{text {U}}(n) times mathbb {C}^{ntimes d}. Its commuting Hamiltonians are pullbacks of the class functions on one of the {text {U}}(n) factors. We prove that the master system descends to a degenerate integrable system on a dense open subset of the smooth component of the quotient space {mathcal {M}}_d/{text {U}}(n) associated with the principal orbit type. Any reduced Hamiltonian arising from a class function generates the same flow via any of the compatible Poisson structures stemming from the bivectors P_{underline{z}}. The restrictions of the reduced system on minimal symplectic leaves parameterized by generic elements of the center of {text {U}}(n) provide a new real form of the complex, trigonometric spin Ruijsenaars–Schneider model of Krichever and Zabrodin. This generalizes the derivation of the compactified trigonometric RS model found previously in the d=1 case.

Exploring the Layered Arrangement of Middle School English Homework under the Background of "Double Reduction"

Assigning homework to students during the teaching process by teachers is a consolidation and extension of the teaching content, and plays an important role in testing students' mastery of English knowledge. In traditional English homework assignments, teachers only consider the overall level of the class in terms of workload and difficulty, ignoring individual differences among students. Some students with weak foundations find it difficult to complete the homework, and the emphasis on rote memorization and transcription of words in the form of homework seriously affects students' interest in learning English. With the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, homework assignments should be effectively implemented in accordance with new requirements, and layered teaching should be implemented. Students' homework should be "tailored to their needs" to meet the requirements of the new curriculum implementation, so that students can truly reduce their workload and learn efficiently. Therefore, junior high school English teaching should adopt targeted homework assignments based on students' learning situations, break the shackles of traditional teaching concepts, innovate homework assignment forms, and meet students' personalized development needs.

双减政策背景下中国小学教师工作量实证研究

The implementation of the new education policy affects the workload of teachers. Since the implementation of the double reduction policy, remarkable results have been achieved, however students reduce the workload and teachers are “pressurized” simultaneously. The teachers in primary and secondary schools suffers from heavy workload and pressure. Therefore, it is urgent to “reduce the workload” of teachers. Based on the new education revolution, this study collected the empirical evidence of teachers’ workload from front-line primary school teachers. This study aims to find out the differences and difficulties behind the teachers’ work, to maintain the rights and interests of teachers, and to further motivate the teachers’ enthusiasm concurrently. This study can provide the key information for society and competent department. Then, they can correctly understand situation and pay more attention to teachers’ physical and mental health, and reasonably distribute the teachers’ workload to effectively improve the quality of education and teaching of the primary and secondary schools.

Retracted: The Media Public Opinion Analysis on the Implementation of “Double Reduction” Policy in Education Based on Big Data

Retracted: The Media Public Opinion Analysis on the Implementation of “Double Reduction” Policy in Education Based on Big Data

Can “Smart Homework” Achieve the Goal of Chinese “Double Reduction” Policy to Reduce Burden and Improve Quality?—The Positive and Negative Effects of “Smart Homework” on Students

The application of information technology provides technical support for achieving the requirements of reducing burden and improving quality in the Chinese “Double Reduction” Policy. Based on the analysis of the mechanism and path of “Smart Homework” (an educational tool that applies artificial intelligence technology) to reduce the burden and improve the quality of Chinese Jiangxi Province by using the literature, this paper investigates 78 counties and cities of this province and finds that this tool can reduce the burden of primary and secondary school students’ homework, improve the completion of homework, reduce the willingness to participate in after-school tutoring, and improve the self-efficacy and learning investment, so as to achieve the goal of the Chinese “Double Reduction” Policy, but at the same time, the lack of convenience in using intelligent products has caused psychological anxiety for a small number of students. The psychological mechanism of reducing burden and improving quality is in line with the principle revealed by the Yerkes–Dodson law; that is, as learning anxiety decreases, the impact of psychological stress on learning efficiency increases. The appropriate psychological stress enhanced the impact of psychological pressure on learning efficacy and engagement, and improved learning efficiency. The article believes that, first, based on the principle of a three-layer structure of homework burden, the use of “Smart Homework” achieves the reduction of homework burden from three aspects: surface layer, inner layer, and core layer. Second, “Smart Homework” reduces the willingness to participate in extracurricular tutoring and, to some extent, reduces the burden of extracurricular tutoring. Third, “Smart Homework” can help students better complete homework and improve learning efficiency.

Investigation on the Current Situation of Family Education Anxiety in Three Areas of Inner Mongolia under the Background of Double Reduction

Recently, parental education anxiety has gradually become a hot social issue. Since the implementation of the Double Reduction Policy, parents' children's educational anxiety has shown new characteristics.In order to understand the current situation of family education anxiety after the implementation of the Double Reduction Policy and to analyze the characteristics of parents' anxiety with different Demography characteristics, a self-designed questionnaire was used to distribute questionnaires and collect data through the questionnaire star platform. We randomly select some parents of primary and secondary schools in Hailar, Chifeng, and Tongliao as the survey subjects for testing. We investigated the parents' view of the Double Reduction Policy, the impact of the Double Reduction Policy on families, and the level of family education anxiety in three dimensions and used the online platform SPSSUA (Version 22.0) to conduct data analysis. Among the 364 households surveyed, about 56% of parents admitted to having children's educational anxiety. There were significant differences in the three dimensions of the survey between the two groups with different self-awareness. Five factors, including children's academic years, academic performance ranking status, type of family location, average monthly income level of families, and parents' weekly work hours, impact group anxiety. Among them, the ranking status of children's academic performance significantly impacts parents' educational anxiety state.

Study of Changes in Parents' Educational Psychology Caused by Changes in Educational Policies in China and Japan

At present, China and Japan do not have a clear unified standard in terms of educational objectives, but in terms of educational policies, China and Japan are becoming more and more similar in their philosophy of human resource development. According to Fan (2022), both China and Japan have begun to "focus on the mastery of basic knowledge," "focus on the cultivation of abilities," "the comprehensive development of knowledge and abilities," and "the cultivation of comprehensive talents for the healthy development of children's bodies and minds. According to Fan (2022), these changes in the philosophy of talent training are, in the end, caused by the "view of learning ability" at different stages. The "view of learning ability" in a period affects the educational reform in a period." Although "free education" ended in Japan, the "abolition of free education" policy, which was reintroduced in 2008, still inherited its core elements. In 2021, China adopted measures to reduce the burden of homework and out-of-school training courses for students in compulsory education, known as the "double reduction." The current enactment of China's "double reduction" policy is also an inheritance and development of the implementation of the "burden reduction”. In recent years, "parents' anxiety about education" has been repeatedly mentioned as an implicit indicator to evaluate the level of education while the government is revising its education policies. Some studies have shown that "parents' anxiety about education" refers to parents' excessive concern about the process and results of their children's education at school. It is a general anxiety that is prevalent among parents. Japan has been successfully implementing the "free education elimination" policy for 15 years. Meanwhile, China, which has just implemented a "double reduction" policy, is a good example of alleviating parental anxiety. I think it is very meaningful to make efforts to eliminate parents' educational anxiety by exchanging contents related to the educational psychology of parents in China and Japan and identifying examples to learn.

Optimization and Impurity Control Strategy for Lithocholic Acid Production Using Commercially Plant-Sourced Bisnoralcohol.

In this study, lithocholic acid (LCA) was prepared using commercially available plant-sourced bisnoralcohol (BA), and the overall yield of the product was 70.6% for five steps. To prevent process-related impurities, the isomerizations of catalytic hydrogenation in the C4-C5 double bond and reduction of the 3-keto group were optimized. The double bond reduction isomerization was improved (5β-H:5α-H = 97:3) using palladium-copper nanowires (Pd-Cu NWs) instead of Pd/C. The reduction of the 3-keto group was 100% converted to a 3α-OH product by 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase catalysis. Moreover, the impurities during the optimization process were comprehensively studied. Compared with the reported synthesis methods, our developed method significantly improved the isomer ratio and overall yield, affording ICH-grade quality of LCA, and it is more cost-effective and suitable for large-scale production of LCA.

Research on Family Education Investment under the "Double Reduction" Policy

Education is the foundation of national progress and social stability, as well as the source of millions of families' expectations for social fair development. All Chinese people is to hope their children to have a bright future. Under this educational expectation, good educational conditions have become the pursuit of parents. In the past 20 years, people have increasingly attached importance to investment in education, with the emergence and development of extracurricular tutoring institutions. While, driven by the baton of the college entrance examination, parents would not neglect their investment in family education at all. Most parents choose to have their children study in off campus training classes for two days on weekends (work on campus+weekend off campus learning mode). Regardless of the learning mode, parents not only need to invest a large amount of funds, but also invest a considerable amount of time in transporting their children to and from school. Based on the challenges and opportunities brought by the "double reduction" policy to family education investment, this paper will focus on how to balance academic and comprehensive development, how to improve the quality of family education, and how to handle the pressure of family education.

Retailers’ incentives for green investment in differentiated competition channels

With increasing public environmental awareness, green activities in retail and distribution processes have become crucial tools for retailers to boost demand and enhance competitiveness. This study develops an analytical model to study the green investment choices of two differentiated retailers dealing with a common green manufacturer. It also explores the impacts of these investment choices on the manufacturer's operational decisions, channel efficiency, consumer welfare, and the environment. We derive three main results. First, the powerful retailer always favors green investments, whereas the less powerful (inferior) retailer may either prefer or avoid green investments. The fiercer the inter-retailer competition, the lower the willingness of the inferior retailer to introduce green investments. Second, although all supply chain parties may disagree on their preferences for retailers' green investments, a bilateral green investment (i.e., both retailers make green investments) can reach an incentive alignment for all firms if the differentiation between retailers is low enough and the competition between them is not substantially fierce. Moreover, a bilateral green investment improves consumer welfare and channel efficiency because of the great demand expansion and double marginalization reduction. Third, the retailers' green investments can motivate the manufacturer to produce greener products, but they do not necessarily benefit the environment. We show that the supply chain's economic sustainability aligns with its environmental sustainability only if the environmental improvement efficiency of green investments is substantially high. We further examine the impact of retailers with differentiated green investment abilities and the manufacturer's green investment efficiency to verify the robustness of the main results.

A Design of Junior High School English Homework under the ‘Double Reduction’ Policy in China

Through literature review, questionnaires and interviews, this paper summarizes the present situation of English homework teachers leave in public junior high schools and how the students and parents evaluate in a Chinese inland city after the “double reduction” policy was issued in China, studies the design of English homework at junior high school level, analyzes the feedback of students, finds out that present after-class English assignment is featured by test orientation and lack of diverse, graded and interesting tasks and suggests some principles and effective designs for specific cases to make up for the deficiencies.

Learning adaptability facilitates self-regulated learning at school: the chain mediating roles of academic motivation and self-management.

Studies have demonstrated that learning adaptability has emerged as an important factor for students' utilization of self-regulated learning for successful learning, but how this association occurred is not clear yet. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of the relationship between learning adaptability and self-regulated learning by investigating the chain mediating roles of academic motivation and self-management of 787 junior high school students under the "double reduction" background. The results showed that (1) learning adaptability had significant positive effects on junior high school students' self-regulated learning and (2) academic motivation and self-management played independent and accumulative mediating roles in the relationship between learning adaptability and self-regulated learning. These findings help to understand how to support students in successfully coping with the new challenges brought by educational reform and promote effective adjustment to challenges, including the "double reduction." The key contribution of this study is to provide new insights into the literature that academic motivation and self-management separately and sequentially mediate the learning adaptability, self-regulated learning links, and learning adaptability is effective driver of self-regulated learning in the population of junior high school students.

Tetrakis(N-heterocyclic Carbene)-Diboron(0): Double Single-Electron-Transfer Reactivity

The use of 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe) to coordinate with diatomic B2 species afforded a tetrakis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-diboron(0) [(IMe)2B-B(IMe)2] (2). The singly bonded B2 moiety therein possesses a valence electronic configuration 1σg21πu21πg*2 with four vacant molecular orbitals (1σu*, 2σg, 1πu', 1πg'*) coordinated with IMe. Its unprecedented electronic structure is analogous to the energetically unfavorable planar hydrazine with a D2h symmetry. The two highly reactive πg* antibonding electrons enable double single-electron-transfer (SET) reactivity in small-molecule activation. Compound 2 underwent a double SET reduction with CO2 to form two carbon dioxide radical anions CO2•-, which then reduced pyridine to yield a carboxylated pyridine reductive coupling dianion [O2CNC5(H)5-C5(H)5NCO2]2- and converted compound 2 to the tetrakis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-diborene dication [(IMe)2B═B(IMe)2]2+ (32+). This is a remarkable transition-metal-free SET reduction of CO2 without ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) light conditions.

A Study on the Promotion of Quality Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in China under the "Double Reduction" Policy

With the promulgation and implementation of China's "double reduction" policy, the proposal to reduce the academic burden of primary and secondary school students and the strict approval of subject-based education tutoring institutions has attracted widespread public attention. Some studies have argued that the "double reduction" policy has significant implications for the future development of education in China, shifting from the pursuit of equity in the quality and outcomes of education to equity in the quality of education. This study examines the impact of the "double reduction" policy on education stakeholders from the perspectives of students, parents, teachers, and schools and explores the problems. The study finds that the policy has significantly impacted education in China, improving social attitudes towards education and promoting the development of quality education for students.

Schools and Teachers under the Double Reduction Policy: Challenges and Strategies

The double reduction policy is of great significance to improving the quality of school education and relieving the pressure of students at the compulsory education level. But problems can not be avoided when a new policy is implemented. Primary and junior high schools have found it difficult to meet the increasing personalized needs of students based on their interests and academic standards when most students no longer reach for off-campus training programs,and they should make more effort in enhancing home-school co-operation. Teachers, as the main performers of the policy, are struggling with surging workload since they should pay more attention to involving in extracurricular activities; they also have to change previous mode of assigning homework and properly assign homework and enhance efficient teaching according to the requirement of double reduction. In order that the double reduction policy should be effective, countermeasures should be proposed so that these problems will not have a negative influence on the policy in a long run: for schools, various off-campus activities should be provided for students which are in keep with their academic proficiency as well as interests; schools should also find ways to communicate smoothly with parents in order to share information and exchange ideas and avoid conflicts. The measures that can solve teachers trouble when implementing the policy are: higher pay and a guarantee of good living standards can be incentives for teachers to rise to increasing pressure at work while training for them on assigning homework in accordance with the requirements of double reductionand designing teaching procedures appropriately are also necessary. It is expected that these measures can promote the implementation of "double reduction" and turn these so-called challenges into opportunities, improving the quality of school education as well as teachers' teaching proficiency, and reducing the pressure on students and parents.

Exploring the Current Situation and Problems of Changing Teaching Patterns in Rural Compulsory Education Through Double Reduction Policy Practices

The Double Reduction policy is a hot topic of interest in China and in the year or so since it was put into practice. This essay, therefore, reviews and analyzes the collected literature and data to analyze the current situation of students, teachers, and parents in rural areas after the implementation of the "Double Reduction" policy and to identify changes or problems that exist. The study discovered that teachers were equally committed to their own professional growth and strategy changes, which made teaching in rural areas more suitable to the local conditions and features. The emphasis of education in the classroom was also more on the kids themselves, which significantly quickened the process of catching up to students in metropolitan areas in terms of development. However, the Double Reduction policy also puts instructors under pressure to work more hours, makes it difficult for them to develop their own skills, and gives children inequitable attention in the classroom. In addition, there is a dearth of rich content forms in the after-school services. Rural areas also experience challenges as a result of the Double Reduction policy in terms of inadequate infrastructure, human resources, and barriers to home-school communication, which merits consideration. In order to promote the full implementation of the Double Reduction policy, the transformation of the focus on teachers, individuals of students and their parent's education thinking should be carried out simultaneously, so as to realize the ultimate goal of education reform as soon as possible and return education to education itself.

Research on the Double Reduction Policy Taking Huicheng District of Huizhou City as an Example

A few years ago, phenomena such as "sky-high school district housing" and "high tutorial fees" continued despite repeated prohibitions. "It is difficult for a poor family to have a successful son" has become an anecdote of ordinary people after dinner. In order to return to educational equity and alleviate academic anxiety, the national "double reduction" policy was issued in July 2021. Through interviews with primary and secondary school students and their families in Huizhou City, this paper aims to understand their feelings about implementing the double reduction policy for one year. This paper uses the methods of literature analysis, case analysis, interview, questionnaire and theoretical analysis. According to the survey, this paper finds that burden reduction is a far-reaching educational revolution for China. It is a long way to go for the whole society, schools, teachers, parents and students.

The Dilemmas and Causes of After-School Tutoring Under China's Double Reduction Policy

This paper reviews the dilemmas and causes of the double reduction policy, which aims to reduce the burden of students homework and the burden of out-of-school training on students. However, the policy faces some dilemmas in the process of implementation, such as the consequences of lower teacher subsidies, difficulties in teacher competency, insufficient teacher motivation, and fewer teachers, which lead to lower quality of after-school services, as well as consequences of the lack of family education responsibilities caused by parents' over-reliance on school education. This paper will review what scholars have proposed as This paper will review the reasons for these dilemmas and propose solutions to address the causes of these dilemmas.