Divorce Rates Research Articles

The Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experience, Resilience, and Depression Among Adolescents from Single-Parent Families in Selangor

The divorce rate has increased in Malaysia which may result in exposure to ACEs. Although some research has explored the outcome of ACEs among adolescents, research on adolescents from single-parent families and depression is limited. This study measures the relationship between ACEs, resilience, and depression among adolescents. The study instruments include demographic information, ACEs, BDI-II, and the Resilience scale used among adolescents aged between 13 to 18 years. This cross-sectional descriptive study comprises 81 (46.8%) male and 92 (53.2%) female respondents. Adolescents (n=135) 78.0% who participated in this study are currently living with their mothers. On the other hand, only (n=38) 22.0% of the adolescents were living with their fathers. Importantly, a total of (n=120) 69.4% of the adolescent’s parents were separated without legal documents, and only (n=19) 11.0% of the adolescent’s parents had legally divorced and deceased one parent including (n=34) 19.7% of respondents. The findings and results revealed that (Ha1) there is a significant relationship between ACEs and depression r= .249**, p= 0.001 (two-tailed), p<0.05. Moreover, (Ha2) resilience does not mediate the relationship between ACEs and depression (a*b = .12, Bootstrap CI95 = -.11 and .43). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Lastly, (Ha3) gender significantly moderates the relationship between ACEs and depression (?=.063, SE= .024, p<.000). In a nutshell, mental health issues or precisely depression are common among adolescents who live with single parents. The rise in adverse experiences also increases depression positively. This is especially true among female adolescents. Immediate action against illegal separation has to be taken to reduce childhood trauma. On the other hand, it also reduces the number of children sent to welfare or Orphanages.

YES, WE COPE: Dyadic Coping as a Mediator Between Perceived Relationship Quality and Emotional Representation of COVID-19

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought about social changes that have impacted the functioning and dynamics of couples in a romantic relationship, arising from the overwhelming amount of added stress they have endured. Specifically, the divorce rate in Portugal has increased after lockdown, which underscores the adverse consequences of COVID-19 on couples. A lower quality of the couple’s relationship may worsen the emotional representation of COVID-19; however, the literature suggests that perceived partner dyadic coping responses have a great influence on adverse events. The aim of the present study was to assess the mediating role of partner coping in the association between relationship quality and emotional representation of COVID-19. We also sought to observe whether the length of the relationship moderates this association.MethodsParticipants (N = 528) were adults living in Portugal (84.7% female) currently in a romantic relationship with their current partner for at least 1 year. Online data collection.ResultsWe found that relationship quality predicted COVID-19 emotional representation, but this association was fully mediated by total dyadic coping. This association was especially significant in couples with a shorter length of time in the relationship.ConclusionsWe point out the importance of dyadic coping as a protective factor against emotional distress to cope with the ongoing stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. These data suggest the need for relationship education programs that promote positive coping between partners.

Ratio Decidendi of Judges toward Divorce Cases Due to Domestic Violence (KDRT) at the Jember Religious Court

The Jember Religious Court accepts quite a number of divorce cases and the divorce rate is getting higher. Until 2021, there were 1,544 divorce cases and 4,289 cases of divorce. Related to this, there are 31 cases of divorce caused by domestic violence (KDRT) in 2021. The number of divorce cases caused by domestic violence, the author is interested in analyzing how the judges consider (ratio decidendi) in deciding divorce cases due to domestic violence at the Jember Religious Court. This research is a type of empirical legal research. The results of this study are: 1. Judges' considerations in deciding divorce cases caused by domestic violence at the Jember Religious Court are in accordance with applicable legal provisions; 2. The legal consequence of the Jember Religious Court judge's decision in the divorce case against the domestic violence case was dropping raj'i divorce, with the condition that the defendant must be responsible for providing maintenance in the form of living iddah to the ex-wife and living for the children.

양육비이행관리원 체계의 문제점과 개선방안

Discussions on strengthening the performance of child support began in 2004. This is because the number of single parents who raised minors increased according to the rapid increase of divorce rate at that time. Initially, the Civil Act was amended to make an agreement on child support expenses as an essential procedure in a divorce by agreement, so that an agreement on the burden of child support was reached between divorced couples. However, given that it was not enough to prepare for compulsion of performance, the court can draw up a report on the burden of child support so that it could be enforced immediately. However, considering that it is difficult for single parents to carry out compulsory execution proceedings on their own, an institution was established that could force the implementation of child support. This is a legislative result about the institution of child support performance that was finally made after a decade of discussion in the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family since 2005. However, by placing the Child Support Agency under the Korean Institute for Healthy Family, it has not been able to secure its status as an independent institution. Therefore, as it became difficult for the Child Support Agency to conduct its own duties and proceed with the lawsuit, it caused a problem of delaying the compulsory performance of chil support. In foreign countries, all child support performance institutions are state agencies or administrative agencies, independent institutions, and have the authority to identify the address or property of the child support debtor. However, our Child Support Agency only secures its status as a public institution. In addition, since the work of the Korean Institute for Healthy Family and Child Support Agency are different, it is difficult to organically combine them to perform the work of compulsory child support. Furthermore, in order to accomplish a result regarding instead payment of child support, which is under discussion recently, the Child Support Agency must have appropriate authority to handle the work. The independence and authority of the Child Support Agency should be strengthened as soon as possible.

Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye

This study investigates the relationship between digitalisation, unemployment, and divorce rates in Türkiye by using the Fourier Toda Yamamoto Causality Test from 2007 to 2021. International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI) has been used to indicate digitalisation. The results suggest that there is unilateral causality from digitalisation to divorce rates. However, there is no causality linkage between digitalisation and unemployment rates for the period 2007-2021. Moreover, there is no causal connection between unemployment rates and divorce rates. The findings show that digitalisation affects divorce rates by disrupting family communication.

Значение религии в объяснении российского парадокса брачности: обоснование гипотезы об отношенческих компетенциях на примере супругов, идентифицирующих себя с православием

The article represents a hypothesis about the interrelation between religion and the "Russian marriage paradox", which consists of simultaneously high levels of marriage and divorce rates as well as a significant proportion of marriages with a short duration. In contrast to the arguments about the "value shifts" and "weak institutions" used today in sociology and demography to explain the transformation of attitudes towards marriage, we propose a hypothesis about the significance of religious ethics - a source of competencies that contribute to the sustainability of married life. Our assumption is that due to the so-called “forced secularization” and detraditionalization of family life in post-Soviet Russia a radical disengagement took place between the normative side of marriage, and the relational side of marriage, which is responsible for manifestations of reciprocity and community in family life. One of the manifestations of this relational ethics, formulated in the social sciences, is associated with the importance of detachment from “Self” in marriage in favor of the “We”, which reflects the Christian ideas of humility, forgiveness, self-sacrifice in the family and promotes marital reciprocity. Studies of recent decades show that the relationship between individual measures of religiosity and family well-being is not linear, but is mediated by the manifestation of virtues in marriage. Based on data from a survey of married Russians who identify themselves as Orthodox (N = 583), we test the assumption that the importance of detachment from “I” in marriage will increase with the rise in the frequency of attendance of religious services and the marriage duration. The theoretical arguments of the hypothesis indicate the significant role of relational competencies responsible for the interconnection between the value of marriage and marriage sustainability. On the one hand, we show that the higher is the duration of marriage and the frequency of attending religious services, the higher is the value of detachment from the “Self”. On the other hand, the relationship between these measures is rather weak. As the conclusion, the explanation for the "Russian marriage paradox" could be related to the "relational poverty" of young people entering into marriage.

The impact of social change on the decreasing trend of subjective well-being in Chinese adolescents: A cross-temporal meta-analysis

Based on the fact that subjective well-being (SWB) is a critical index measuring the mental health status, it is vital to investigate the SWB level of Chinese adolescents and its changes over time. The present research conducted a cross-temporal meta-analysis of 36 studies using the General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS) to explore adolescent SWB (N = 21, 822) from 2004 to 2018. Results showed that the average scores of SWB among Chinese adolescents were negatively associated with the year. This study also found that the scores of SWB were significantly related to nine social indicators from economic condition (per capita GDP, residents’ consumption level, and Gini coefficient), overall threat (crime rate), social connectedness (divorce rate, family size, and urbanization level), and enrollment pressure (junior and senior high school enrollment rate), which indicated that social change may explain the decrease in Chinese adolescents’ SWB level. This study investigated the changes in Chinese adolescents’ SWB over the past 15 years and provided a valuable reference for the intervention of SWB.

Chinese culture became more individualistic: Evidence from family structure, 1953-2017

Previous research has indicated that some aspects of Chinese culture became more individualistic. However, prior studies have suggested a decrease in individualism in other aspects of China. Thus, it was unclear whether China became more individualistic. Therefore, the current research investigated whether Chinese culture became more individualistic by examining historical changes in family structure. Specifically, I analyzed temporal shifts in the divorce rate and household size, which have been confirmed as valid representative indicators of individualism. Results showed that the divorce rate increased between 1978 and 2017 and household size decreased between 1953 and 2017, indicating a rise in individualism. Moreover, analyses suggested that the one-child policy was unlikely the sole and major factor in the decrease in household size. Additionally, the aggregated score of divorce rate and household size demonstrated a clear increase in individualism. Therefore, the present research provided further evidence of the rise in individualism in China.

Comparing marriage and cohabitation dissolution risks across municipalities: Which characteristics matter?

AbstractResearch has shown considerable municipal‐level variation in divorce rates within countries. Given the large increase in cohabitation over the past decades, this study examines whether similar differences can also be observed in the union dissolution risks of cohabitants. By investigating whether six municipal‐level factors important in understanding spatial variation in divorce are also associated with spatial variation in the dissolution of cohabiting unions (financial uncertainty, gender roles, religiosity, social ties, alternative opportunities and educational attainment), this article aims to improve our understanding of municipal differences in the dissolution of cohabiting unions. This study is conducted on register data from Statistics Netherlands (2017–2018). For this study, unique union dissolution information per union type (marriage and cohabitation) is constructed for 355 Dutch municipalities. Nearly all explanatory factors are defined using publicly available municipal‐level information. We use spatial lag regression models to analyse differences in municipal union dissolution risks for different union types. We find that municipal‐level union dissolution risks of cohabiting and married couples are only moderately correlated, suggesting that the risk of union dissolution for cohabiting couples is not necessary high in municipalities with high divorce rates. Municipal‐level indicators of social ties, religiosity and alternative opportunities are linked to municipal‐level variation in union dissolution risks of married and cohabiting couples, whereas municipal‐level variation in financial uncertainty and educational attainment are only linked to municipal‐level variation in union dissolution risks of married couples.

Divorce Mediation in Islamic Religious Court in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic

Divorce is considered a very difficult process in a family. Societies and religious courts work hand in hand to prevent divorce. However, in some cases, divorce can not be avoided due to various social, psychological, and economic problems. As such, to prevent divorce, religious courts provide mediation programs to persuade couples to divorce. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the divorce rate increased, and mediation has been intensively practiced by the religious courts to reduce the divorce rate. However, limited studies have been conducted to understand how mediation is practiced at religious courts during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative approach to examine the implementation of divorce mediation in a religious court within a regency in Indonesia. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews and direct field observation. Written materials were also analyzed to understand the case. The results of this study show that the implementation of mediation in divorce during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Regency Religious Court was implemented in two stages, namely the stage before mediation and the implementation of mediation. In carrying out mediation, the caucus and virtual methods have been chosen as two methods of divorce mediating in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The two methods have transformed in response to the pandemic and new technological advancements. The transformation is considered relevant to Islamic law and principles. This means religious courts and Muslim societies are responsive to new technological development.

Marriage and divorce during a pandemic: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marital formation and dissolution in Mexico

In this study, we consider the initial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on family formation and dissolution. We use national microdata covering all marriages and divorces in Mexico, an event-study design and a difference-in-difference specification. Our findings indicate that over March through December of 2020, marriage rates declined by 54% and divorce rates by 43%. By the end of 2020, divorce rates recover back to baseline levels, but marriage rates remain 30% below the 2017–2019 baseline level. Overall, our findings suggest that marital dissolutions quickly recovered (6 months into the pandemic), but at the end of 2020, family formation remained at persistently lower levels.

Reproduction of cultural identities among amalgamated Malay and Javanese families: Enculturation, negotiation, and hybrid identities

This article discusses how the reproduction of cultural identity in amalgamated families among Malay and Javanese in Tanjung Uma Village, Lubuk Baja District, Batam, Indonesia. The Malay and Javanese are ethnic groups that have different cultural characteristics, so various forms of negotiation are needed in the formation of cultural identity among family members. This is qualitative research with case study method, using observation and in-depth interviews with 15 informants. We use theory of location of culture by Homi K Bhabha and Stuart Hall's cultural identity to explain that cultural identity is not something rigid and standard but can be produced and reproduced. The research show that in amalgamated families of Malay and Javanese, there is a negotiation of cultural identity, making an impact on the formation of a hybrid identity in which the various elements of the two cultures adapt to each other. Hybrid identity is a form of cultural identity reproduction, the result of negotiations between the innate cultures of the two parents, as well as the dominant culture prevailing in the location where the family internalizes itself. This cultural negotiation is also the reason for the survival of Malay and Javanese amalgamated families, in the midst of high divorce rates among other ethnic amalgamation marriage in Tanjung Uma.

THE IMPORTANCE OF HISBAH IN MANAGING MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MAQASID SHARIAH

The current global health situation involves the transformation and modification of many infectious illness complaints into non-infectious or mental disorders accompanied by other diseases. Several things contribute to this, including lifestyle, people's behaviour, and the healthy life value content itself. Mental health problems does not only have an impact on the health sector, but also on the everyday life such as rising crime, the divorce rate, the rate of violence against children, unemployment etc. Previous mental health studies, such as on the concept of Contemporary Psychology, have failed to solve human problems related to mental health because of the lack of religious elements in their theories in understanding the human psyche as a whole, resulting in many people still suffering from mental health issues. From here, the authors try to use Islamic doctrine which is hisbah and explain its role based on principle of Maqasid Shariah in managing mental health issue.

ECONOMICS OF MARRIAGE AND BREAKDOWN: A CASE STUDY OF KOZHIKODE DISTRICT IN KERALA

Marriage is always contemplated to be a costly affair. But several studies point to the fact that those who get married are financial well off when compared to that of single people. It is because of their responsibilities and societal hopes that they earn more and lead a satisfactory life. On the other hand, there is a large number of breakdowns in these relationships which is legally bounded. Divorce issues devastate the financial status of an individual. It creates social, economic and psychological pressures on both the party and their families. In Kerala, the divorce rates are growing at an unimaginable rate. To analyze the marriage expenditure and the legal expense with alimony approved by the court and to examine the correlation of marriage expense over alimony, a case study is conducted in the Kozhikode district of Kerala. This study is an attempt to analyze the economics of marriage with special emphasis on the economic sufferings.

A Systematic Review Identifying Child-Focused Assessment Tools to Improve the Development and Evaluation of Divorce Education Programs

ABSTRACT Divorce education programs have increased in prevalence over time due to the high and sustained rate of divorce in the United States. These programs have been shown to improve familial relationship quality post-divorce, especially for children, with many states requiring parents to complete a divorce education program prior to the issuance of the final judgment. However, divorce education programs vary greatly in length, content, and goals due to the lack of standardization. Using the Divorce-Stress-Adjustment Theory, this systematic review focuses on identifying assessment tools that can be utilized to operationalize common content areas identified by Schramm and colleagues in 2018 that are delivered within many divorce education programs. In total, 18 measures were identified that could be used to operationalize a set of eight constructs and sub-constructs. Recommendations are provided for assessment tools that could effectively be used for program evaluation and suggestions are made for future research.

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Couple Relationships: A Grounded Theory on Healing

Adult survivors of childhood sexual trauma often report higher levels of marital dissolution, less sexual satisfaction, and higher rates of divorce. When it comes to childhood sexual abuse, the trauma often occurs with a known and trusted individual, inevitably connecting the experience of trauma to interpersonal relationships that carry implications for the survivor’s intimate partnership. This study developed a grounded theory of how partners help or hinder healing in couple relationships, when one partner has experienced childhood sexual abuse. The results describe a process model of change hinging on factors that contribute to healing and factors that hinder healing.

The Enforcement of Marriage Law (No 16 of 2019) Through The Ambassadors of Child Marriage Prevention in Tembarak District, Temanggung Regency

The enforcement efforts of Law Number 16 of 2019 on marriage performed in Temanggung are designed to minimize the divorce rate in Temanggung through the empowerment of Sakinah family ambassadors through pre-marriage education to actualize family resilience. The practical benefit of this study is that it can give insight to the ambassadors about the age limit of marriage and the consequences of early marriage. The ambassadors are meant to use the insight to take action against early marriage so that the number of cases of early marriage in the Tembarak district continuously decreases or even reaches zero. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research approach to explain the enforcement efforts of Law Number 16 of 2019 on marriage in Temanggung. The implementation of Marriage Law Number 16 of 2019 is carried out through a number of Focus Group Discussions (FGD): youth guidance, and ambassadors coaching to prevent early marriage; mentoring; monitoring and evaluation; and outcome exposure. This research intends to lower the number of early marriages among Tembarak District school-age students (Junior and High school students: SMP/MTs and SMS/MA/SMK). The implementation of Law Number 16 of 2019 on marriage is carried out through intense socialization in school assemblies in Temanggung

The Rise of Divorce Rate in Bangladesh: Excessive Dower is Major Cause among Muslim Wives Initiating Divorce

In order to constitute a valid marriage, the Muslim law requires that there should always be a consideration moving from the husband in favor of the wife for her sole and exclusive use and benefit. This consideration is called dower (Mahr). Dower is an essential requirement in Muslim marriage takes place. But there is no maximum limit of dower, when dower is fixing high, wife can realize the dower as it is.The present study intends to discover the practices of dower among women in Bangladesh. The main purpose of this study to probe whether excessive dower is leading to more wife-led divorce for quick economic gains.

Thalassemia prevention: Religious and cultural barriers to premarital screening in Bangladesh.

Thalassemia prevention: Religious and cultural barriers to premarital screening in Bangladesh.

분할연금 지급에 따른 연금소득 과세 개선 방안

Our country has the highest divorce rate in the world, disgracefully. Recently, the payment of installment pensions, which receive half of the pension amount, has continued to increase for public pensions. The split pension system has been implemented in the national pension system since 1999, and the special occupational pension system has been implemented in 2016. Currently, the divided pension is taxed in half. However, this taxation system is not only less taxable than the existing taxation system, but may also have intentional tax evasion.&#x0D; A split pension can be seen as a type of property division. Currently, there is a taxable issue in the divided pension paid according to the marriage period and the period of office for the divided pension right. In this study, we would like to examine the split pension system in which payments are increasing as the divorce rate of the elderly increases rapidly, and to find problems with the taxation system and ways to improve it. The split pension is distributed by the principal beneficiary according to the marriage period and received by the principal beneficiary and the divorced spouse, and a somewhat small tax burden is incurred because they are received separately than the amount paid by the principal beneficiary. For this reason, even while maintaining a marriage, there is a possibility that the split pension may be abused by the method of disguised divorce for the purpose of reducing the tax burden. In light of this situation, this study attempted to raise the need to improve the tax system of the divided pension paid by the public pension and establish a tax plan for the pension tax system in line with the characteristics of the divided pension system. The taxation plan proposed in this study not only minimizes problems arising from the implementation of the public pension split pension system, but also aims to establish a reasonable taxation plan for the split pension system in accordance with the pension income taxation system. Policy alternatives in this study are expected to help tax authorities or related ministries establish policy alternatives in the future.