Distributive Justice Research Articles

Embedding justice into climate policy and practice relevant to tourism

Climate change in tourism discussions rarely address justice concerns. This work critically examines the intricate relationship between climate change, climate justice, and tourism, emphasising the urgent need for a holistic approach to address the interconnected challenges of tourism-related sustainable development. The paper builds on a climate justice framework encompassing recognition, procedural, distributive, and restorative justice to systematically connect justice dimensions to the climate change-tourism nexus. A shift towards a performative justice framework includes all notions of justice and underscores the significance of examining the various justice challenges when embedding justice into climate policymaking. Enhancing visibility of climate justice should foster collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and advocates for climate justice. Ultimately, this article advocates for the development of just climate policies and practices, and an inclusive socio-economic transition at the local, global, and intergenerational levels.

Global egalitarianism and climate change: against integrationism

ABSTRACT A central question in debates about climate justice concerns how the global emissions sink should be shared among the global population over time. This paper considers how global egalitarians should answer that question. In particular, it defends emissions egalitarianism from a view known as ‘integrationism’, according to which shares of the emissions sink should follow from a more general egalitarian theory of distributive justice. First, I show that emissions egalitarianism can draw on a source of functional support not adequately acknowledged in the integrationist critique: it can express an underlying account of the structure of historical responsibility for climate change I call the Fair Share View. Second, I claim that integrationism is also in tension with other principles of responsibility for climate change, and that its scepticism about historical responsibility has not been appreciated. Finally, I provide an alternative to integrationism. My central claim is that integrationism posits too direct a relation between a theory of equality of wellbeing and practical questions about claims to the emissions sink. Egalitarians should appeal to a species of derivative principle I call ‘applied principles of global justice’, and emissions egalitarianism could plausibly be endorsed on these grounds.

Unjust inequalities. Is maximin the answer?

Abstract A maximin criterion of distributive justice provides an attractive way of articulating a concern for equality and a concern for efficiency. It recommends that one should equalize income, expected advantages, opportunities or whatever else matters for the sake of distributive justice up to the point from which further equalization would make the worse off even worse off once its consequences are taken into account. But is the maximin criterion egalitarian enough? Does it pay enough attention to the impact of inequalities on political power, to the equal dignity of all citizens or to the value of fraternity? Is the maximin criterion not instead too egalitarian? Does it pay enough attention to a priority legitimately claimed by one’s own community, to democratically expressed preferences or to the value of reciprocity? This contribution clarifies the maximin concept, discusses these various objections and concludes that a maximin approach remains essential to identify, if not just inequalities, at least justifiable ones.

A reflective analysis of China's energy policy from the perspective of systemic energy justice principles

The idea of energy justice has been reflected and implemented in China’s energy policy system over years. However, the existing normative basis of energy justice remains imperfect. China’s special political system and Confucian concept of justice, and its particular focus on energy security, have made its energy transition practices highly efficient but also prone to violating recognition, distributional and procedural justice, resulting in a victim structure that sacrifices the few for the well-being of the many. It is essential to introduce energy justice to achieve sustainable development of China’s energy system and policy transformation in the new era, as energy justice will provide insights for policy stakeholders regarding how to address complex and interrelated energy production and acquisition issues. In doing so, the first step is to comprehensively examine the existing energy injustice in China’s energy life cycle and then apply systemic energy justice to optimise China’s future energy policies. Specifically, policymakers should first reaffirm recognition justice by recognising energy rights, including the fundamental rights of energy vulnerable groups and the natural environment together with the rights of consumers as energy producers. Secondly, procedural justice should be strengthened from three perspectives, namely decision-making participation, information disclosure and judicial relief. Thirdly, distributive justice can be effectively promoted by establishing benefit-sharing mechanisms, setting fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory energy prices, and developing compensation mechanisms between regions.

Distributive and Epistemic Justice in the Ukrainian Contexts (Based on the Materials of 5th Seminarium Historico-Philosophicum)

This report is dedicated to the fifth meeting of the Seminarium Historico-Philosophicum, held on January 20, 2024, in Kyiv. The meeting centered on the issues concerning justice, such as epistemic injustice and distributive justice. The review underscores the significance of this subject, outlines the Seminarium Historico- Philosophicum’s activities, and summarizes the presentations and discussions held during the gathering.

Constitutional Reform and the Problem of Distributive Justice

While Americans celebrate the Constitutional Convention of 1787, they are not nearly as enthusiastic about the prospect of another constitutional convention through the Article V process. The stakes would be high, including the possibility of rewriting the entire document. At present, calls for a new convention come much more from conservatives than progressives. Afraid of the risks, many progressives oppose such a convention, with the notable exception of Sanford Levinson, who for decades has railed against its antidemocratic features and adverse political effects. What is absent from the recent scholarship about a convention is a serious discussion about distributive justice. As an alternative to the dominant progressive approach underscoring democratic reform, my focus will be on how to protect the most vulnerable persons from financial insecurity through the constitutionalization of positive economic rights. This article also explains why progressive scholars must appreciate the deliberative and civic educational potential of a convention. For the time being, another convention is highly unlikely to result in meaningful constitutional reform. However, this situation could be a blessing in disguise. A new convention could spark a national conversation about distributive justice and what could be done to reduce economic inequality and alleviate poverty.

Does self-sacrificial leadership reduce the subordinate’s organizational cynicism? The mediating role of distributive justice and ethical corporate social responsibility

PurposeAlthough self-sacrificial leadership and ethical leadership exhibit similarities in their moral dimensions, recent research suggests that self-sacrificial leadership may be linked to an increase in unethical behavior for the collective benefit of one’s group. Existing studies have demonstrated that ethical leadership can mitigate organizational cynicism. However, the potential misalignment between group interests and ethics associated with self-sacrificial leadership raises concerns about its potential to foster cynicism. This study investigates the mechanisms by which self-sacrificial leadership influences organizational cynicism.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from 493 organizational members across 9 Chinese companies were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, and bootstrapping was employed to confirm the mediating effects.FindingsSelf-sacrificial leadership was found to have an overall reducing effect on organizational cynicism, with distributive justice and ethical CSR perceptions as significant mediating factors.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on the unique characteristics of self-sacrificial leadership, highlighting the elements of sacrifice and loyalty that may result in unethical, self-centered behaviors, and explores its influence on organizational cynicism. By revealing that the recognition of augmented group interests can diminish cynicism among organizational members regardless of morality, this study contributes to broadening the theoretical perspective.

Can We Talk about Degrowth, Yet?

Degrowth entails the downscaling of material and energy throughput of high-income societies in order to mitigate the metabolic rift between geographies of capital accumulation and the vast territories and populations whose resources they unsustainably consume. It calls for a convergence between “imperial modes of living” and regimes of structural scarcity, and for the need to lower total global energy consumption while reducing gradients of inequality. This article posits the architectural design studio as a significant pedagogical space for exercising a close accountability of energy and material flows as a practice of resource management that demands negotiating the physical limits to growth with distributional social justice.

סוגיית העדפת בני המקום בהקצאות קרקע למגורים בסוגי יישוב שונים בישראל

The question of who has the right to reside in a particular locality has been at the center of public and legal discourse in Israel for many years. This is the result of official and unofficial mechanisms intended to exclude certain individuals or groups. This article deals with a related though different issue, which focuses on the preference given to locals during the allocation of state land. Addressing this question requires a discussion of issues such as individual freedom, the meaning of home, the importance of family, the significance of residency in a particular place, the nature of various types of settlements in Israel, justice in land distribution and the necessity of correcting of historical wrongs versus the perpetuation of existing social stratification, as well as the preservation of existing communities versus concerns about pushing them out of a neighborhood or settlement. After presenting a framework for thinking about the issue of preference of locals, the article conducts a critical examination of the existing legal framework in Israel in both rural areas, where the right of residency is managed by cooperative associations, and urban areas, which include, for this purpose, the settlements of minorities. The conclusion drawn from this analysis is that the same flaws in legal decision making with respect to acceptance by a settlement also exist in the regulation of the preference for locals. The social and economic outcomes that affect the lives of individuals and the distribution of land in Israel perpetuate established ways of thinking about forms of residency and about disparities and social differentiation in Israel.

One Justice for All? Social Dilemmas, Environmental Risks and Different Notions of Distributive Justice

A just or fair distribution of environmental bads and goods is important for solving environmental social dilemmas and is a core idea of environmental justice politics and research. Environmental justice is mostly associated with egalitarianism as the sole justice principle for all people. In contrast, we argue that it is important to uncover and consider heterogeneity in justice concerns to achieve socially accepted solutions to environmental social dilemmas. With noise pollution as an example, we explore citizens’ preferences for justice principles regarding the allocation of politically initiated environmental benefits. In our survey in four European cities, respondents were asked to choose between different outcomes of a program to reduce road traffic noise in line with the following four notions of distributive justice: equal shares, equal outcomes, the greatest benefit for the least advantaged (Rawls), and the greatest benefit for the greatest number (Bentham). We found that most respondents chose Rawls’ principle, a preference that was stable over time but weaker when explicitly introducing the veil of ignorance. The preference for Rawls notwithstanding, we observed substantial heterogeneity in justice preferences. Multinomial logit analyses of survey and geo-referenced data on noise exposure showed that respondents with a higher socio-economic status and lower exposure to traffic noise were more likely to choose Rawls’ principle. Taken together, our study confirms the prominence of Rawls’ principle, demonstrates empirically the heterogeneity of justice preferences, and calls for more direct measurements of such preferences in research on environmental social dilemmas, environmental justice, and beyond.

Adaptive Bases of Distributive Justice: Rawlsian Maximin Rule Operates as a Common Cognitive Anchor in Allocation and Risky Decisions [Conference Presentation Abstract

Adaptive Bases of Distributive Justice: Rawlsian Maximin Rule Operates as a Common Cognitive Anchor in Allocation and Risky Decisions [Conference Presentation Abstract

The Effect of Horizontal Pay Transparency on Employee Motivation When Pay Dispersion Is Performance Based and Non-Performance Based

ABSTRACT The movement toward pay transparency within firms has intensified. We investigate the effect of horizontal pay transparency on employee motivation in a broader information environment where (1) performance-based and non-performance-based pay dispersion coexist and (2) relative performance information allows employees to alleviate pay dispersion ambiguity in order to assess the basis of any pay dispersion that pay transparency reveals. Drawing on distributive justice theory, we predict and find that pay transparency differentially affects employees’ motivation based on what it reveals about their relative standing while working under the same performance incentives. Specifically, it depends on whether they are underpaid, overpaid, or their relative pay aligns with their relative performance. Our analysis provides additional insights related to these three scenarios, and in doing so, our study highlights the importance of considering employees’ broader information environment when considering the potential benefits and costs associated with pay transparency. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.

Analysis Of Public Housing Savings Policy From The Perspective Of Islamic Economics: Social Welfare And Distribution Justice

Analysis Of Public Housing Savings Policy From The Perspective Of Islamic Economics: Social Welfare And Distribution Justice

Organizational Justice Perceptions and the attributes development of Psychological Capital

The purpose of this study is to find potential effect of organizational justice (OJ)perceptions on the development of psychological capital (PsyCap) attributes,among school teachers. A stratified sample of 400 teachers (male and female) ofprimary, secondary, and higher secondary schools was extracted from the districtof Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. To measure OJ perception and PsyCap, astructured questionnaire was adapted using two scales (OJ-18, and CPC-12),respectively. Results implied that teachers' perceptions of OJ and positiveorganizational behavior have significant positive relationship with PsyCap. Morespecifically, all the three sub-constructs of OJ i.e. Procedural Justice (PJ),Distributive Justice (DJ and Interactional Justice (IJ) have significant positiveeffect over PsyCap attributes among schoolteachers. It is concluded thatdeveloping justice perceptions; can aid in identification, measurement andsubsequently development of PsyCap attributes among schoolteachers

Nepal's Rapid Rural Electrification Achievement: A Review

Nepal has been able to accelerate electricity access to rural areas very rapidly from early 2000s. Though the existing literature provides insights into the factors, enablers, challenges, and institutional models influencing rural electrification in Nepal, there is currently very little assessment of the specific factors that led to Nepal’s rapid rural electricity access in the first two decades of this century. This review paper investigates what spurred this rapid rural electrification in Nepal. The study employs a literature review approach and uses the multi-level perspective and energy justice frameworks for a holistic interpretation of findings of the literature review. Analysis of the findings from the literature review indicate that Nepal's rapid electrification can be assessed primarily through the perspectives of governance and policies. The discussion also touches on the institutional context, the politics surrounding the electrification transition, and policy innovations. The effectiveness of the polices is also analysed through an energy justice perspective. The analysis highlights challenges and disparities in geographical distribution and energy justice. The paper argues that Nepal’s rural electricity access was boosted by political and socio-economic conditions, like advent of democracy and large-scale foreign employment, and was propelled by innovative government policies for grid based and off-grid rural electrification. However, it also concludes that work still needs to be done from an energy justice perspective to bring about geographical and economic equity in the effort.

Relevant landscape components in a large urban green space in Oporto (Portugal)

Landscape components are essential in the design and fruition of any urban green space (UGS). This is particularly relevant considering the growth rate of the urban population worldwide, the increase in the number and intensity of severe weather episodes due to climate change, and the relevance of UGSs for global human well-being, as highlighted by the United Nations in their Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines users’ perceptions of UGSs regarding the importance of landscape components, which can influence users’ preferences for UGS use. The research was conducted in a major urban park subdivided into 10 landscape units in Oporto, Portugal. The paper uses information gathered through face-to-face surveys from stationary park users (n = 500) engaged in diverse activities, through which 13 landscape elements were assessed for their relevance in determining choice of location. The results show significant differences between the assessed landscape units at the user level for all socio-demographic variables, with the exception of the gender variable. Significant differences between landscape units were also identified in terms of the relevance attributed to the different landscape components. Exploratory factor analysis identified five main factors influencing user preferences: comfort and security (including vegetation density, tranquillity of space, availability of shade, good maintenance, and forest coverage), landscape diversity (diversity of open spaces, diversity of flora and fauna, and presence of shrubs), water presence, recreational facilities, and open spaces for activities. The results also highlight an issue related to distributional justice regarding the assessed study area. Our results have relevant implications for the design and management of UGSs. We propose diverse actions, addressing issues related to the balance between open spaces and rich greenery, multifunctional design, shade coverage, maintenance, forest coverage, vegetation diversity, the incorporation of water features, and the provision of recreational facilities.

People-centred policies for a just transition (digital, green and skills)

ABSTRACT The paper contributes to the current debate on just transitions which is exploring what factors and conditions can lead to a twin transition that can also achieve an equitable redistribution of the outputs. The paper draws on the theories of justice, by bringing together three dimensions of justice: distributive, procedural and substantive justice. We apply this framework to explain the socio-economic impact of technology-pushed structural change on the future of work. We define just transition as a triple transition that requires digital and green shifts and crucially, a competence and skill transition that transversally cuts across industries, jobs and professions. The paper analyses the case of a specific region, Emilia Romagna in Italy, which has implemented, particularly since 2010, an original holistic approach to industrial development policy, comprising social and education policies. We conclude that within a national education framework tasked with pivoting the mix of necessary basic knowledge, regions have an important role to play by designing and implementing place-based education and training initiatives that are specific to the regional socio-economic characteristics.

Integrating distributive justice in system dynamics models of sustainability transitions

AbstractSocial‐ecological‐technological transitions for decarbonisation and sustainable development goals can perpetuate or introduce environmental and socio‐economic injustices. The just transitions literature provides useful perspectives for assessing transition pathways. This paper explores integrating distributive justice into system dynamics modelling for sustainability transitions. For this purpose, we adapt existing requirements to enable the evaluation of distributive justice in model‐based support for climate planning to the specific case of system dynamics modelling. We test the requirements by using a previously developed system dynamics model to (1) gain insights into the application of the requirements and (2) reflect on their further development. Our findings underscore the importance of transparency in model assumptions and results. They suggest exploring the behaviour space of models to account for uncertainty and plurality of stakeholder values. Furthermore, they emphasise the need to discuss the implications of model results and the plurality of stakeholder values to foster deliberation and inclusive decision‐making.

Motivational processes: can perceptions of fairness augment effects of favourable autonomy supportive practices on satisfaction of the basic psychological needs?

Based on Self-Determination theory and social interaction models of social justice, in this article we examined whether perceptions of fairness catalysed the positive effects autonomy support on motivational and well-being outcomes. The study was conducted in the context of an all-boys school with 302 students, adopting a prospective design. Using surface analysis to estimate the dependent variables to be tested in non-liner regressions, the current research empirically extends social interaction models of distributive justice by testing, for the first time, whether perceptions of fairness can moderate the effects of autonomy supportive practices on satisfaction of psychological needs. The results demonstrated that perceptions of fairness engendered positive effects of favourable forms of autonomy support on satisfaction of the psychological need for competence. No analogous positive effects on other outcomes were found. Therefore, the perceptions of fairness constitute an important component of autonomy-supportive class climates that catalyse positive effects of favourable forms of autonomy support on satisfaction of the psychological need for competence. This evidence suggests that students are more likely to experience high levels of competence during physical education classes when they perceive that their favourable treatment is fair, though the effect does not generalise to autonomous motivation or subjective well-being.

Analisis Kritis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Terhadap Keberlangsungan Demokrasi dan Generasi Muda Indonesia

General elections are an important foothold in the contemporary democratic system. Elections are a tangible form of procedural democracy, although democracy is not the same as elections, but elections are one of the most important aspects of democracy that must also be held democratically. Material test of Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections against Article 28D of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia to the Constitutional Court. Identification of the problem, namely how to consider the legal pros and cons of the Constitutional Court's decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 and what are the implications of the Constitutional Court's decision on the development of Indonesian democracy. The purpose of the study is to answer the problem identification, namely to find out the legal considerations of the pros and cons of the Constitutional Court's decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 and to find out the implications of the Constitutional Court's decision on the development of Indonesian democracy. The research method used is a normative juridical research method and the nature of this research is descriptive and qualitative. Article 28D paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution states that "Every citizen has the right to equal opportunities in government". This must be in line with the theory of distributive justice. The Constitutional Court's decision violates Sapta Karsa Hutama, the Principle of Propriety, the Principle of Non-Partiality, the Principle of Independence, the Principle of Integrity and Courtesy. However, the decision remains valid because the nature of the Constitutional Court's decision is final and binding. As a conclusion in this study, the Constitutional Court Decision is considered in accordance with the principle of distributive justice by adding experience in office as a condition so that it can produce leaders who are more prepared and competent in facing government challenges.