Prevention Of Diseases In Children Research Articles

Understanding global research trends in the control and prevention of infectious diseases for children: Insights from text mining and topic modeling.

The emergence of novel infectious diseases has amplified the urgent need for effective prevention strategies, especially ones targeting vulnerable populations such as children. Factors such as the high incidence of both emerging and existing infectious diseases, delays in vaccinations, and routine exposure in communal settings heighten children's susceptibility to infections. Despite this pressing need, a comprehensive exploration of research trends in this domain remains lacking. This study aims to address this gap by employing text mining and modeling techniques to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature, thereby identifying emerging research trends in infectious disease prevention among children. A cross-sectional text mining approach was adopted, focusing on journal articles published between January 1, 2003, and August 31, 2022. These articles, related to infectious disease prevention in children, were sourced from databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, and Korean RISS. The data underwent preprocessing using the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) in Python, with a semantic network analysis and topic modeling conducted using R software. The final dataset comprised 509 journal articles extracted from multiple databases. The study began with a word frequency analysis to pinpoint relevant themes, subsequently visualized through a word cloud. Dominant terms encompassed "vaccination," "adolescent," "infant," "parent," "family," "school," "country," "household," "community," "HIV," "HPV," "COVID-19," "influenza," and "diarrhea." The semantic analysis identified "age" as a key term across infection, control, and intervention discussions. Notably, the relationship between "hand" and "handwashing" was prominent, especially in educational contexts linked with "school" and "absence." Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling further delineated seven topics related to infectious disease prevention for children, encompassing (1) educational programs, (2) vaccination efforts, (3) family-level responses, (4) care for immunocompromised individuals, (5) country-specific responses, (6) school-based strategies, and (7) persistent threats from established infectious diseases. The study emphasizes the indispensable role of personalized interventions tailored for various child demographics, highlighting the pivotal contributions of both parental guidance and school participation. The study provides insights into the complex public health challenges associated with preventing and managing infectious diseases in children. The insights derived could inform the formulation of evidence-based public health policies, steering practical interventions and fostering interdisciplinary synergy for holistic prevention strategies.

Alternative Practices of Vaccination among Parents in Selangor, Malaysia

Parental refusal of vaccine is a growing concern as there is an increased occurrence of vaccine preventable diseases in children. However, there are limited studies that have looked into various alternative methods practised by parents who refused standard vaccination especially in Malaysia. This study aimed at exploring alternative methods taken by parents to enhance child immunity. Twenty-seven (27) parents were interviewed in Selangor between July and September 2017 via semi-structured interview questions. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was conducted to ascertain key themes. Three main themes were recognized: 1) selective food practices, 2) alternative lifestyle practices and 3) traditional or complementary medicine (TCM) / supplement consumption practices. Consumption of As-Sunnah food, fresh food, healthy eating, avoiding processed food, junk food and synthetic flavouring are among selective food practices reported by parents. Alternative lifestyle practice encompasses preference for children to stay away from crowded places. Some parents preferred TCM or supplement consumption to substitute vaccinations such as homeopathy, traditional medicine and vitamins. As a summary, parental alternative practices are used to substitute vaccination which can never replace the true functionality of vaccines as these alternatives are merely compliments. It is recommended that MOH should formulate interventions that will alleviate misconceptions in order to decrease vaccine refusal rate.

A Review on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Children and Adults

The risk of developing chronic diseases and other morbidities is decreased by health promotion and disease prevention. Systemic meta-analysis was used to produce review articles that were published between 2019 and 2023. The study's goal is to review the literature on illness prevention and health promotion for both adults and children. The data regarding disease prevention in children in 2019 (Diabetes Mellitus), 2020 (Obesity, Disability), 2021 In 2019, the focus was on physical activity and emotion management; in 2020, it was on reducing salt, smoking, alcohol, and increasing physical activity; in 2021, it was on reducing salt, smoking, alcohol, and increasing physical activity; in 2022, it was on positive wellbeing, resilience among individuals, and positive mental health; and in 2023, it was on lifestyle behaviours and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. In summary, this review article concludes that promoting health to both adults and children can help prevent disease by providing information on both acute and chronic conditions, which can reduce risk and prevent the disease state from worsening.

Chronic kidney disease in children: Vaccination – strategy, current recommendations and potentialities

The Immunization Schedule with additional vaccinations against certain infections is recognized as an effective strategy for preventing complications in children with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The aim of this study is to highlight international experience regarding the immunization status of such patients in order to optimize the vaccinations process in Ukraine.
 The current Immunization Schedule for pediatric CKD, approved in international practice, is presented and has been compared to the national one. The approaches to the use of live and inactivated vaccines, to the immunization of persons on immunosuppressive therapy and the additional protective measures are clearly outlined. The international experience in the major vaccine-controlled disease prevention in children with CKD includes routine immunization (tuberculosis, hepatitis B, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, hemophilic infection), additional vaccination of immunocompromised hosts (influenza, pneumococcal infection, chicken pox) and in groups with risk factors (meningococcal, papillomavirus, rotavirus infections, hepatitis A, etc.) are summarized. It is emphasized that the optimal window of opportunity for vaccinations is the early stages of CKD or at least the pre-transplant time. The key principles of vaccine control prior and after kidney transplantation have been given.
 Increasing knowledge on protection from vaccine-controlled infections involved in children with CKD, including at the immunosuppressive therapy stage and kidney replacement therapy, makes implementation of current recommendations easier and advances the prevention strategy for this sensitive cohort. The process of harmonization of national recommendations on the vaccine status formation in this group of patients based on international experience and Ukrainian capabilities is proposed to initiate.

Parental knowledge about oral disease prevention in children under seven years old

Relevance. Oral health in children largely depends on parental involvement and the formation of adequate oral care skills. Parental awareness of oral disease prevention and adherence to the recommendation of pediatric dentists or dental hygienists are paramount for dental disease onset. Therefore, the assessment of parental knowledge about oral prevention is relevant.Aim. To evaluate the oral health education of parents of children under seven y.o. on oral disease prevention.Materials and methods. The study anonymously surveyed 250 parents of children under seven y.o., living in Barnaul. The survey in Google Forms included questions about parental awareness of dental diseases, the frequency of dental visits, parental knowledge of the child's home oral care and the child's diet. The study results were statistically processed using the MS Excel 2007 program.Results. The survey of Barnaul parents of children under seven demonstrated that 50% of the children were breastfed, and almost no one used dairy products as the main drink. Despite the knowledge about the importance of caries treatment in children, most parents (68%) visit a dentist when dental disease symptoms appear. The dentist is not always the principal source of information about dental diseases in children and their prevention. The parents selected oral hygiene products and items independently in most cases, without considering the child's individual dental status characteristics. Some parents believe that they may skip brushing their primary teeth brushing at all.Conclusion. The results evidence the need to increase parental knowledge about dental disease prevention in children.

ЦЕЛЫЙ ВЕК ВМЕСТЕ: К 100-летию ЖУРНАЛА «ПЕДИАТРИЯ. ЖУРНАЛ им. Г.Н. СПЕРАНСКОГО» И 95-летию СОЮЗА ПЕДИАТРОВ РОССИИ

This article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Journal “PEDIATRIA. Journal named after G.N. Speransky,” which for more than half a century bears the name of its creator and permanent Editor-in-Chief for many decades – Georgiy Nestorovich Speransky. The article presents an overview of publications made throughout the history of the journal on the issues of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of infectious diseases in children.

The role of ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of atherogenic cardiovascular diseases starting in childhood

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are one of the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality. One of the most significant risk factors for their development is atherogenic dyslipidemia. Atherosclerotic vascular damage occurs long before clinical manifestation and often begins to progress as early as childhood. This is why children represent the most important cohort for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic genesis. Studies show that taking ₃-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease in adults and children. The effect is achieved by multidirectional effects on risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. In children with primary dyslipidemia (heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia) taking ₃-polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to normalization of serum triglycerides and a moderate decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The most significant therapeutic and prophylactic effects are observed in patients with secondary dyslipidemias caused by obesity and diabetes mellitus, when, besides the decrease in triglycerides and the increase in HDL cholesterol, ₃-polyunsaturated fatty acids increase the insulin sensitivity of cells and tissue, body weight reduction, increase in muscle mass, stabilization of blood pressure and improvement of liver function are observed. Considering pleiotropic protective effect and good tolerability, ₃-polyunsaturated fatty acids can be widely used for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in children and adolescents.

Сучасні аспекти захворюваності гінгівітом та пародонтитом дітей та підлітків України, ефективність лікування та профілактики

The purpose of the work was to study modern aspects of the incidence of gingivitis and periodontitis in children and adolescents in Ukraine and to create an algorithm for treatment and prevention tactics in this pathology. It has been established that the high prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis among children and adolescents makes this problem one of the most important problems of modern dentistry. The problem of periodontal pathology in children and adolescents is due to both the prevalence of diseases and the fact that poor-quality treatment of diseases in childhood and adolescence will lead to severe irreversible damage to periodontal tissues in adults. Modern prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases in children and adolescents should be carried out on the basis of an algorithm of therapeutic and preventive measures: elimination of local traumatic factors, restoration of the anatomical shape of the teeth, high-quality treatment of the root system, replacement of defective restorations, professional oral hygiene, selection and correction of means and methods of individual hygiene. Results and discussion. The results of the study of oral hygiene and periodontal condition in patients with chronic limited catarrhal gingivitis and chronic localized periodontitis showed that the average value of most of the studied parameters in patients had significant differences when compared with healthy individuals in the control group, as well as between groups of patients. Index evaluation of the functional state of the peripheral circulation in the periodontal tissues of young patients revealed a significant decrease in capillary resistance. Based on literature data and the results of our own research and an objective method for predicting the localization of inflammatory diseases of periodontitis, a therapeutic and prophylactic tactic was developed in young patients with indications of diseases and risk factors for their development. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed method of treatment and prevention of localized periodontal tissue damage in patients of the main group was carried out on the basis of the results of clinical, physicochemical and functional research methods in comparison with groups of patients who underwent therapeutic and preventive measures in the traditional way. The results of treatment of localized inflammatory periodontal diseases were analyzed in 34 patients of the main group with chronic limited catarrhal gingivitis, 26 patients with chronic localized periodontitis of degree I and in a similar number of patients in the comparison group with an identical diagnosis. Conclusion. The results of treatment of 60 patients of the main group showed the high efficiency of the developed method. At the same time, a significant improvement in the subjective and objective symptoms of diseases was found. Complete clinical recovery with the elimination of the inflammatory process in the gums was found in 94.1% of patients with chronic limited catarrhal gingivitis of degree I. The obtained positive results of treatment of the main group of young patients with localized inflammatory lesions of periodontal tissues in terms of hygienic and periodontal indices and the state of peripheral circulation confirm the high efficiency of the developed algorithm for the treatment and prevention of these diseases

Association between vaccine preventable diseases in children and improved sanitation following a nationwide sanitation campaign in India: an ecological analysis

ObjectivePersistent exposure to faecal pathogens due to open defecation may cause environmental enteropathy that, in turn, may lead to undernutrition and vaccine failure in under 5-year-old (u5) children. The Swachh...

A differentiated approach to studying the dental disease prevention awareness in children with disabilities

Relevance . Children with disabilities have a high prevalence of caries, periodontal diseases and poor oral hy- giene. The study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a method for a comprehensive psychologi- cal assessment of the level of awareness about dental disease prevention in children with disabilities aged 6 to 12 years. Materials and methods . We examined 249 primary school students, 154 with intellectual disabilities, from Khabarovsk Territory and calculated the prevalence and intensity of caries and the level of oral hygiene. The study surveyed children with disabilities by the developed comprehensive psychological method. Results . There were no significant differences in the intensity and prevalence of caries. The level of hygiene in systemically healthy children is good – 1.50 ± 0.05. the level of oral hygiene in children with mild intellectual disability is poor – 1.70 ± 0.04 (p < 0.05). The awareness about dental disease prevention is below average or low in children with disabilities. Conclusions . The developed method and its adaptation allowed us to objectively assess the awareness level in children with disabilities and develop differentiated recommendations.

Особенности течения болезни Лайма у детей

В статье представлены литературные данные и результаты собственных наблюдений особенностей болезни Лайма у детей на современном этапе. Рассмотрены вопросы диагностики, лечения и профилактики болезни Лайма у детей.

Prevalence of endocrine pathology in childhood and adolescence

All over the world, the endocrine system diseases in children attract the attention of researchers of various specialties, since this pathology is characterized by the duration of the course and subsequent often developing complications that worsen the quality of life and the prognosis of the health status of children and adolescents. The prevalence and structure of endocrine pathology in childhood and adolescence differ significantly from those in adults. Due to the fact that children make up a significant share in the structure of medical care requests for osteopathy in medical institutions, osteopathic doctors need to know the basics of diagnosis and prevention of endocrine diseases in children and adolescents. The peculiarity of endocrine diseases with onset in childhood is the beginning of their development against the background of physiologically significant for the development of the body processes of growth and sexual development, which determines the need for a multidisciplinary clinical approach to differential diagnosis between the endocrine pathology and the constitutional features of physical and sexual development of a healthy child.

Full childhood immunization coverage and incidence of vaccine preventable disease in Nigeria: a regression analysis

Background: Childhood immunization contributes significantly in the reduction of cases of vaccine preventable diseases in children. DHIS2 data showed that only 60.59% of children under one were fully immunized in 2020. This implies that 39.41% did not receive all recommended vaccinations therefore at risk of contracting vaccine preventable diseases. This study therefore examined the effect of full immunization coverage on incidence of vaccine preventable diseases.Methods: Full childhood immunization coverage and incidence of vaccine preventable disease was examined using simple linear regression model at 5% level of significance and 95% confidence interval. Measles new case for children under five was the dependent variable while children under one fully immunized was the independent variable. Data was retrieved from DHIS2 for the period 2017-2020.Results: The study showed a negative relationship between full immunization coverage and incidence of under-five measles new cases. The study found that any unit increase in full immunization coverage would lead to decrease in measles cases by 6%.Conclusions: Full immunization coverage is still low (below WHO target of 80%) despite effort by government and partners. This implies that a lot of children are at risk of contracting vaccine preventable diseases. In order to avert this risk, health authorities and partners should devise appropriate means of educating the populace on the importance of childhood immunization.

АНАЛИЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТИ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ ВЕРХНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ У ДЕТЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО И ЧАСТНОГО СЕКТОРА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the high prevalence of diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children. The purpose of the study: to assess the effectiveness of the prevention of upper respiratory diseases in children in the public and private health sector. The analysis of morbidity by circulation and primary morbidity of children in the Moscow region and the city of Ramenskoye as a whole and by class "Respiratory diseases" is carried out. The material of the study is based on the analysis of the primary documentation of the children's polyclinic and the private children's medical center in Ramenskoye, Moscow region. Differences between public and private medical organizations were established: the number of episodes of upper respiratory tract diseases in the observation of children in a state medical organization is 1.4 times higher than in a private medical organization (3.8, against 2.8); the duration of episodes of diseases of the upper respiratory tract per 1 observed child per year in a state medical organization is 39.0% higher than in a private medical organization; the average duration (exacerbation) of the case of diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children in the state medical organization is 2 times higher than when observed in a private medical organization, which is associated with the use of modern treatment technologies and an individual approach. When analyzing the preventive work of children's polyclinics, it was revealed that in the context of the region there are significant fluctuations in the volume of visits made for the purpose of rehabilitation. At the same time, the share of those in need of rehabilitation from the number of those examined in the order of planned rehabilitation amounted to 65.7% in the region, in the city of Ramenskoye 65.4%. Satisfaction of this need was noted at the level of 60.6% in the region, in the city of Ramenskoye 72.3%. The results of the study showed the need to study the factors that determine the high incidence of children with diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Dietary patterns are associated with central adiposity and carotid intima-media thickness in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease.

Unhealthy dietary patterns (DP) in childhood are associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. DP in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are unknown. The aims of this study were to describe DPs of children and adolescents with CHD and to evaluate their associations with central adiposity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). A cross-sectional study including 232 children and adolescents with CHD. Dietary data were based on three 24-h dietary recalls. Central adiposity was evaluated by waist circumference. hs-CRPs were determined by nephelometry. The cIMT was measured using ultrasound. DPs were identified using principal component analysis. Data were examined using logistic and linear regressions. Six DPs were identified. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, unhealthy DP (high intake of poultry, red meat, cold cuts and processed meats, soft drinks and sweetened beverages) and healthy DP (high intake of fish, eggs, bread, beans, tubers and roots, fruit and fruit juice) were associated with increased and decreased odds of central adiposity, respectively (Odds ratio (OR):2.10; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.09; 4.02; OR: 0.48 95% CI 0.24; 0.93). Besides, low-fat dairy DP (high intake of low-fat milk and dairy, mixed dishes, ultra-processed breads, candy and chocolate) was inversely associated with cIMT (β: -0.024; 95% CI -0.04; -0.01). Unhealthy DP seems to increase the risk of central adiposity, while the healthy DP seems to decrease the risk of central adiposity. Still, low-fat dairy DP was inversely associated with cIMT. These findings may be helpful to develop nutrition recommendations for early cardiovascular disease prevention in children and adolescents with CHD.

OPINION OF PARENTS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AND TEACHERS OF SCHOOLS ON THE EXPEDIENCY OF CARRYING OUT MEASURES TO PROMOTE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN

Currently, the organization of primary health prevention in secondary schools is a complex interaction between the health and education systems. In order to determine the need and scope of optimizing the organization of primary medical prevention for school-age children and develop measures to increase its availability, sociological studies were conducted of 400 parents of children studying in secondary educational schools and 403 teaching staff of secondary general education schools. According to the results of a survey of parents of school-age children, the following conclusions can be drawn: parents with children visit polyclinics for the treatment of diseases or for preventive examinations, and they do not have enough time and opportunity to solve issues related to the formation of a healthy lifestyle and have to get the necessary information on their own. The majority (77.8±2.1%) of respondents believe that school teachers can conduct conversations with schoolchildren on the formation of a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of diseases in school-age children. Parents also pointed out that school teachers with varying frequency already conduct conversations with students on the formation of a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of diseases in children. When analyzing the results of a sociological study of teachers, it was revealed that the majority (80.6±2.0%) of respondents consider it appropriate to conduct work with the population on the formation of a healthy lifestyle. More than half (54.8±2.5%) of the respondents consider it appropriate to receive training on healthy lifestyle issues in the future, and 19.5±2.0% - at the first opportunity.

Improvement Of Methods Of Providing Dental Care For Children With Mental Delayed Development

In modern society, diseases of the oral cavity are of humanitarian, socio - economic significance. Today, tooth decay and periodontal disease remain the most common dental disease not only among adults, but also among younger populations around the world. According to recent epidemiological studies conducted on healthy children, the incidence of dental pathology is high, with the prevalence of caries among healthy age groups 12-15 years old is 63.3-83 years, 4% and 81.7-88.7%, intensity 3.02 -3.75 and 4.6-5.73, and the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases in the group of healthy 12-year-old children ranged from 37.8% to 50%, in the 15-year-old group of children it ranged from 57.7% to 84, 7%. The prevalence of caries is also high in children with mental retardation of preschool and school age, while the intensity of caries is higher in children aged 13–18 years with mild mental retardation (MAD). These indicators increase with age and depend on the severity of the underlying disease. We carried out a program for the prevention of dental diseases in children with disabilities, however, most of them were focused on children with mild and moderate mental retardation, where not only the degree of mental retardation was taken into account, but also teaching them oral care skills, the degree of socialization and the child's diet.

Predictive assessment of clusterization of the oral mineral metabolism in mixed dentition

Relevance . The high incidence of dental caries in children remains relevant to the modern preventive dentistry. Many works have appeared in the recent years on the primary prevention of dental diseases in children based on the caries risk prediction. Thus, dental caries prognosis is relevant and requires further study to improve the methods of individual prevention in children. Purpose - to determine predictors of the oral mineral exchange in the mixed dentition according to the results of the cluster analysis. Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of the oral metabolic processes was performed in 60 caries-resistant children with the mixed dentition aged from 7 to 12 years. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 8.0 software. Results. The study revealed strong relationship between the individual clinical and laboratory predictors, determined the optimal set of predictors for classifying patients with different types of saliva microcrystallization, which is a prerequisite for the possible caries risk prognosis in mixed dentition. Conclusions. The obtained data of the oral mineral metabolism predictors can help to plan the individual primary prevention programs in children during the active formation of the hard dental tissues and to create software to make preclinical diagnosis and prognosis of the subclinical carious process.

Treatment and prevention of chronic acid-dependent diseases in children - the leading role of gastroprotectors

Treatment and prevention of chronic acid-dependent diseases in children - the leading role of gastroprotectors

ASSESSMENT OF CITIZENS'AWARENESS REGARDING ORAL HYGIENE AND PREVENTION OF DENTAL DISEASES

Recently, sanitary and educational work for the prevention of dental diseases in children is widely implemented, but the problem of awareness and oral hygiene in young and middle-aged people remains quite relevant.
 Nowadays, the range of dental items and hygiene products is quite wide, so a person who does not receive the recommendations of a dentist is quite difficult to understand what and why it should be used.
 Therefore, the aim of the study was to study the preventive knowledge of ordinary passers-by of young and middle age and their awareness of additional subjects and hygiene products.
 Object and methods of research. To achieve this goal, 100 passers-by in the center of Poltava were interviewed. According to the age classification of the World Health Organization: the young age is from 25 to 44, middle age is 44-60, elderly age is 60-75, senile age is 75-90 and long-livers are after 90. Two age groups were selected for the results: young and middle-aged, as these groups are the most common. Age was determined by survey. 50 people aged 25-44 years and 50 people aged 44-60 years were elected. The gender was not taken into account when choosing a contingent.
 Passers-by were asked 5 simple questions that characterized both the preventive habits of the respondents and knowledge about hygiene items and products.
 Research results and their discussion. Analyzing the answers to the questions, we found that young people (25-44 years) are more aware of the rules of oral care than middle-aged respondents (44-60 years). Answering the first question - "How often do you visit the dentist?" respondents answered as follows: only 5 young people visit the dentist as needed, while among middle-aged people this number is seven times higher.
 When answering the second question - "Do you pay attention to the composition of toothpaste when choosing?" respondents answered as follows: 42% of young people always pay attention to the composition, twice as many people - buy what the dentist advises, and the rest respondents were not interested in the components of the paste. The results of the second group were significantly worse.
 The third issue concerned the frequency of toothbrush changes, which is very important for the quality of oral hygiene and cleaning efficiency. The results of the survey showed that people from the older age group of the study are less aware of this issue.
 The answers to the fourth and fifth questions also showed a lower level of knowledge in middle-aged people.
 Thus, after analyzing the answers of the respondents, it is clear that people of the younger age group (25-44 years) are more aware of oral hygiene and prevention of dental diseases. In our opinion, this situation is associated with the introduction of health education at different levels, available information on the Internet and various social platforms, more responsible attitude to their health and awareness of preventive measures.
 It is necessary to pay attention to the education of middle-aged people regarding oral hygiene, as it is an integral part of the prevention of dental diseases.