Prevention Of Diseases In Children Research Articles

Treatment and prevention of chronic acid-dependent diseases in children - the leading role of gastroprotectors

Treatment and prevention of chronic acid-dependent diseases in children - the leading role of gastroprotectors

ASSESSMENT OF CITIZENS'AWARENESS REGARDING ORAL HYGIENE AND PREVENTION OF DENTAL DISEASES

Recently, sanitary and educational work for the prevention of dental diseases in children is widely implemented, but the problem of awareness and oral hygiene in young and middle-aged people remains quite relevant.
 Nowadays, the range of dental items and hygiene products is quite wide, so a person who does not receive the recommendations of a dentist is quite difficult to understand what and why it should be used.
 Therefore, the aim of the study was to study the preventive knowledge of ordinary passers-by of young and middle age and their awareness of additional subjects and hygiene products.
 Object and methods of research. To achieve this goal, 100 passers-by in the center of Poltava were interviewed. According to the age classification of the World Health Organization: the young age is from 25 to 44, middle age is 44-60, elderly age is 60-75, senile age is 75-90 and long-livers are after 90. Two age groups were selected for the results: young and middle-aged, as these groups are the most common. Age was determined by survey. 50 people aged 25-44 years and 50 people aged 44-60 years were elected. The gender was not taken into account when choosing a contingent.
 Passers-by were asked 5 simple questions that characterized both the preventive habits of the respondents and knowledge about hygiene items and products.
 Research results and their discussion. Analyzing the answers to the questions, we found that young people (25-44 years) are more aware of the rules of oral care than middle-aged respondents (44-60 years). Answering the first question - "How often do you visit the dentist?" respondents answered as follows: only 5 young people visit the dentist as needed, while among middle-aged people this number is seven times higher.
 When answering the second question - "Do you pay attention to the composition of toothpaste when choosing?" respondents answered as follows: 42% of young people always pay attention to the composition, twice as many people - buy what the dentist advises, and the rest respondents were not interested in the components of the paste. The results of the second group were significantly worse.
 The third issue concerned the frequency of toothbrush changes, which is very important for the quality of oral hygiene and cleaning efficiency. The results of the survey showed that people from the older age group of the study are less aware of this issue.
 The answers to the fourth and fifth questions also showed a lower level of knowledge in middle-aged people.
 Thus, after analyzing the answers of the respondents, it is clear that people of the younger age group (25-44 years) are more aware of oral hygiene and prevention of dental diseases. In our opinion, this situation is associated with the introduction of health education at different levels, available information on the Internet and various social platforms, more responsible attitude to their health and awareness of preventive measures.
 It is necessary to pay attention to the education of middle-aged people regarding oral hygiene, as it is an integral part of the prevention of dental diseases.

Pediatric Vaccines and Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds: How Much is Too Much to Pay for Prevention?

Cost-effectiveness evaluations play an important role in recommendations for use of pediatric vaccines that are set forth by the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The fact that these evaluations are undertaken and accorded weight suggests that a critical value for designating pediatric vaccines as cost-effective (or not) must exist. For recommended pediatric vaccines, however, reported incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) have varied greatly, and there does not appear to be an explicit threshold used by the ACIP to define how much is too much to pay for the prevention of communicable diseases in children. Further complicating this issue is the fact that conventional ICER thresholds—expressed in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained—accord value only to length and quality of life and may not reflect our preferences as individuals or a society. For example, risk, an important attribute of many healthcare decisions, is ignored by the QALY model, as is the distribution of health benefits across different members of society. Are we indeed indifferent about risk and do we really believe that the value of disease prevention in children should be measured by the same “yardstick” as that for older adults? Accordingly, do we really believe that “a QALY is a QALY”? These issues, which are reviewed and discussed in this article, are more than just of theoretical interest; the answers impact how public health policy is determined, which impacts the lives and well-being of entire populations as well as the budgets of payers.

Первичный центр детского инсульта на базе многопрофильного педиатрического стационара. Новая реальность в педиатрии

Background. The increase in the number of diagnosed strokes in children, significant distinctive features and complexity of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular diseases in children compared with adults, the impossibility of direct extrapolation of therapeutic recommendations from adult practice to pediatrics required the creation of specialized primary centers of pediatric stroke in Russia. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to describe the experience of organizing a Center for the treatment of children and adolescents with cerebrovascular diseases (hereinafter referred to as the Center) on the basis of the multidisciplinary pediatric hospital of the Morozovskaya Children's City Clinical Hospital of Moscow Healthcare Department, the introduction of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of strokes in pediatrics, the organization of preventive measures, maintaining the city register of children's stroke, coordinating the provision of medical care to children with cerebrovascular diseases at various levels in the city of Moscow. Materials and methods. The presented experience of organizing and operating the Center covers the period from 2014 to 2019. Researchers used descriptive, statistical, and comparative analysis to demonstrate the Center's performance and justify proposed improvements in diagnostics, management of pediatric patients with cerebrovascular disease, and relapse prevention. Results. In the course of the organization and operation of the Center, there was assessed the frequency of children's strokes in the city: in 2015 - 6.59 cases per 100 thousand of the child population of Moscow; in 2016 - 6.51 per 100 thousand; in 2017 - 6.43 per 100 thousand and in 2018 - 5.86 per 100 thousand. There were improved: the diagnostics of cerebrovascular pathology and its algorithm, modern reperfusion methods of treatment (thrombolysis, thromboextraction) were introduced into practice, outpatient observation. The equipment and trained specialists concentration on the basis of the Center allowed the creation of the Center "full cycle". Maintaining the city register of pediatric stroke made it possible to compare Russian data with those available in the literature and to establish international cooperation with the International Pediatric Stroke Organization. Conclusion. The establishment of the Center is an important example of interdisciplinary interaction in pediatrics. The City Register of Pediatric Stroke will make it possible to assess the problem of childhood stroke in Moscow. The accumulated organizational, medical and diagnostic, scientific, international and educational experience of the Center can be introduced in other regions of the Russian Federation to improve the provision of medical care to children and to solve the most important problem - preserving the health of the country's child population.

Первичный центр детского инсульта на базе многопрофильного педиатрического стационара. Новая реальность в педиатрии

Background. The increase in the number of diagnosed strokes in children, significant distinctive features and complexity of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular diseases in children compared with adults, the impossibility of direct extrapolation of therapeutic recommendations from adult practice to pediatrics required the creation of specialized primary centers of pediatric stroke in Russia. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to describe the experience of organizing a Center for the treatment of children and adolescents with cerebrovascular diseases (hereinafter referred to as the Center) on the basis of the multidisciplinary pediatric hospital of the Morozovskaya Children’s City Clinical Hospital of Moscow Healthcare Department, the introduction of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of strokes in pediatrics, the organization of preventive measures, maintaining the city register of children’s stroke, coordinating the provision of medical care to children with cerebrovascular diseases at various levels in the city of Moscow. Materials and methods. The presented experience of organizing and operating the Center covers the period from 2014 to 2019. Researchers used descriptive, statistical, and comparative analysis to demonstrate the Center’s performance and justify proposed improvements in diagnostics, management of pediatric patients with cerebrovascular disease, and relapse prevention. Results. In the course of the organization and operation of the Center, there was assessed the frequency of children’s strokes in the city: in 2015 - 6.59 cases per 100 thousand of the child population of Moscow; in 2016 - 6.51 per 100 thousand; in 2017 - 6.43 per 100 thousand and in 2018 - 5.86 per 100 thousand. There were improved: the diagnostics of cerebrovascular pathology and its algorithm, modern reperfusion methods of treatment (thrombolysis, thromboextraction) were introduced into practice, outpatient observation. The equipment and trained specialists concentration on the basis of the Center allowed the creation of the Center «full cycle». Maintaining the city register of pediatric stroke made it possible to compare Russian data with those available in the literature and to establish international cooperation with the International Pediatric Stroke Organization. Conclusion. The establishment of the Center is an important example of interdisciplinary interaction in pediatrics. The City Register of Pediatric Stroke will make it possible to assess the problem of childhood stroke in Moscow. The accumulated organizational, medical and diagnostic, scientific, international and educational experience of the Center can be introduced in other regions of the Russian Federation to improve the provision of medical care to children and to solve the most important problem - preserving the health of the country’s child population.

Vaccine preventable diseases in children with hematolymphoid malignancies undergoing chemotherapy- Experience from a tertiary care hospital in India

Vaccine preventable diseases in children with hematolymphoid malignancies undergoing chemotherapy- Experience from a tertiary care hospital in India

Contributions of Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism to Glucose Homeostasis in Childhood Change With Age and Puberty: A 12-Years Cohort Study (EARLYBIRD 77)

Puberty—a period when susceptibility to the onset of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases—is marked with profound physiological and metabolic changes. In the EarlyBird cohort, children who developed impaired fasting glycemia in adolescence already exhibited higher fasting blood glucose at 5 years of age, independent of their body mass index (BMI), suggesting that pubertal factors may modify existing predisposition. Understanding how the physiological changes during childhood influence glucose homeostasis and how the central energy metabolism may help deciphering the mechanisms that underlie the risk of developing T2D in children and adults. We investigated these associations by analyzing glycemic variations with molecular markers of central energy metabolism, substrate oxidation status and pubertal stages in the EarlyBird cohort. The EarlyBird study is a non-interventional, prospective cohort study, that recruited 307 healthy UK children at age 5, and followed them annually throughout childhood for 12 years. Longitudinal data on blood biochemistry, respiratory exchange ratio, and anthropometry, available from 150 children were integrated with fasting glycemia. The gradual rise in blood glucose during childhood associates with age-dependent changes in molecular processes and substrate oxidation status, namely (i) greater pre-pubertal fat utilization, ketogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation, and (ii) greater pubertal carbohydrate oxidation and glycolytic metabolism (Cori and Cahill Cycles) associated with different amino acid exchanges between muscle and other tissues (proline, glutamine, alanine). Since children's metabolic and nutritional requirements evolve during childhood, this study has potential clinical implications for the development of nutritional strategies for disease prevention in children.

A longitudinal study of immunization status and reasons for non-vaccination of children in OPD and pediatric ward of a teaching hospital

Background: The present study was to find out the immunization status of children in the age group of 0-7 years from OPD and those admitted in hospital attached to Deccan College of Medical Sciences with respect to primary immunization (BCG,OPV/DPT 1, 2, 3, measles), 1st booster dosage of OPV, DPT and also primary doses of Hepatits-B vaccine and coverage of vitamin A with measles vaccine. The objectives of this research work were to study factors which influence the immunization status and to know reasons for partial and non-immunization and their follow up over 2 years. Also, to know proportion of vaccine preventable diseases in children under study group.Methods: An oral questionaire method was adopted for parent of children in the age group 0-7 years to assess their immunization status and social factors influencing immunization coverage. Systemic random sampling method was applied to select 200 chlildren i.e. every 5th child admitted in the age group of 0-7 years was taken for analysis.Results: The study showed that out of 200 children 115 were fully immunized, 78 were partially immunized and 7 were non- immunized, 66 children among male and 49 among females were fully immunized, & the study shows that males had better immunization than females.Conclusions: Out of total 200 cases 57.6% were fully immunized, 38 % were partially immunized while 3.5% were unimmunized. Immunization coverage was better in urban children than rural children.

PECULIARITIES OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN ORGANIZED CHILDREN GROUPS IN ORDER TO PREVENT DENTAL DISEASES

Now, prevention of dental diseases in children is still remaining quite relevant. This is especially true for young children, because it is during this period that a permanent bite begins to develop, and its health depends on preventive measures provided at the time of teething and teeth mineralization. Successful treatment and prevention of caries and other dental diseases requires a rational health education approach and detailing of the mechanisms of its implementation. Health volunteering seems to be very promising and effective. The goal of the «Posmishka (Smile)» volunteering team is to teach children the basics of hygiene and oral care rules, to familiarize them with the structure and functions of teeth, to emphasize the importance of using basic and additional hygiene products, based on the theory of the perception channels by Neil Fleming (visual, auditory, kinesthetic). Children's attention should be focused on preventing the occurrence of dental diseases, not their treatment. Knowing about the children's fear of dentists, volunteers try to show in soft manner how and why a carious process occurs, why, how and where the doctor performs manipulations to preserve the tooth. Perhaps, when knowing the causes of the aetiology and pathogenesis of the caries process, they will begin to take a closer look at oral hygiene. A very important stage, in our opinion, is to familiarize children with the anatomical structure of the tooth, the functions of its tissues, the mechanism of the caries progression, as understanding the causes prevents consequences. We believe that preventative work should be done not only for children, but also for all who surround them: teaching staff, health care providers and parents. Therefore, health education among the children of organized groups (classes, for example) is a priority for the volunteering team «Posmishka», because despite the wide variety of dental products, the innovativeness in medical technologies, the availability of passive information, the prevalence of dental diseases is increasing.

Academician Timofey Petrovich Krasnobayev (1865–1952) (on the 155<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the birthday)

Academician Timofey Krasnobayev was born on March 6, 1865 in Smolensk, in a poor hairdresser ‘s family. After graduating from the gymnasium, Timofey Petrovich entered the Medical Faculty of the Moscow University. After graduated from the University in 1888, T. P. Krasnobayev worked for a year as an external student at the Smolensk provincial hospital and then returned to Moscow. At the very beginning of 1903, the Moscow City Administration sent Timofey Petrovich on a 6-month scientific mission to Western Europe to familiarize with children’s hospitals and their surgical departments and to study orthopaedic surgery. T. P. Krasnobayev was the ideologist of the system of prevention of secondary intra-hospital diseases in children. T. P. Krasnobayev made the greatest contribution to the development of child traumatology and orthopaedics. Timofey Petrovich had given more than 50 years to study the issues of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bone-joint tuberculosis in children and is undoubtedly a luminary and a gene rally recognized authority in this section of pediatrics. T. P. Krasnobayev has a great merit in the organization of the X-ray service at the children’s hospital. He published about 70 scientific papers on pediatric surgery and made more than 150 reports. Academician Timofey Petrovich Krasnobayev died on October 11, 1952.

Improvement of prevention of kidney disease in children of preschool and school age

Improvement of prevention of kidney disease in children of preschool and school age

Biliary sludge as the basis for early prevention of gallstone disease in children

Biliary sludge as the basis for early prevention of gallstone disease in children

NUTRITION AND PREVALENS OF CARIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN OF THE CHUI REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

The intensity and prevalence of dental caries in 630 school age children of the Chui region of the Kyrgyz Republic was studied. The prevalence of caries among school age children was 89%. According to experts, this indicator is estimated as a high incidence of caries. Cluster analysis revealed a high risk of caries of children from 7 to 10 years old, which should be used for prophylactic medical examination of children, when planning preventive and therapeutic measures. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop and implement a comprehensive program for the prevention of major dental diseases in children in this region.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN CHILDREN WITH OLIGOPHRENIA

Prevention of hard dental tissue diseases and periodontal diseases in children is one of the urgent issues of pediatric dentistry. This is especially true for the category of children with psychoneurological pathology. Due to the high prevalence of dental diseases, decreased immunity, and sometimes difficult assess to dental care for children with mental retardation, dental disease prevention is the most effective measure to maintain the normal functioning of the dentofacial apparatus. The results obtained by examining the children with oligophrenia allowed us to work up an algorithm for therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at preventing the development of oral tissue diseases in these children. The algorithm included measures for primary and secondary prevention of periodontal diseases. To assess the efficacy of the algorithm, the study involved a group of 55 mentally impaired children. The control group consisted of 50 children with oligophrenia, who were treated by traditional methods.
 Taking into account the burdened mental status of the children when developing the individual hygiene regimens, a motivational approach was worked out in co-operation with a psychiatrist and a paediatrician. Evaluation of treatment outcomes in the groups was performed in 1 month after the completion of the full course of treatment and prevention and in long-term intervals, in 6 and 12 months. Clinical evaluation of treatment efficacy was performed according to the following criteria: "normalization", "improvement", "progression". In one month following the regimen proposed, the "normalization" of the affected tissues was diagnosed in 40 children of the main group (72,73 ± 6,06%), p <0,01. The "improvement" of periodontal tissue condition was observed in 10 children (18.18 ± 5.25%), p <0.05. Only 5 children in the main group (9.09 ± 3.91%) failed to demonstrate any positive changes.
 In 6 months following the application of the treatment and prevention algorithm, the children of the main group demonstrate the "normalization" of periodontal tissue in 65,45 ± 6,47% of cases, while in the children of the control group this indicator was twice lower, 32,00 ± 6.66%, p <0.01. The "improvements" were found in 21.82 ± 5.62% of the children in the main group and in 14.00 ± 4.96% of the children in the control group, p <0.05. No effect of treatment and progression of inflammatory process were observed in 7 children of the main group that was in 4.2 times less than in children of the control group. In long-term follow-up, in 1 year, 61.82 ± 6.61% of children with oligophrenia, who received the treatment and prophylactic measures proposed demonstrated the "normalization" of the periodontal tissue health. In the children treated with standard methods, this indicator was 2.2 times lower (28.00 ± 6.41%), p <0.01. The "improvement" of periodontal condition was recorded in 27.27 ± 6.06% of children in the main group versus 10.00 ± 4.28% of the children in the control group, p <0.01. Treatment for 10.91 ± 4.24% of the children of the main group failed to be effective, but for the children of the control group this indicator was in 5.7 times higher during the long-term observation.
 The data obtained indicate the lack of effectiveness of standard methods of treatment for chronic catarrhal gingivitis and confirm the high efficiency of the developed algorithm for treatment and prevention of dental diseases in children with oligophrenia.
 The authors of this article confirm that the research and publication of the results were not associated with any conflicts regarding commercial or financial relations, relations with organizations and/or individuals who may have been related to the study, and interrelations of co-authors of the article.

The activity of health centers related to prevention of diseases in children

The analysis was applied concerning indices of functioning of the Health center for children in Samara in 2011-2013. In the structure of established risk factors in children dominated functional deviations in cardiovascular system, stomatological diseases and deviation of parameters of physical development. Out of children, examined in 2011-2013 the dynamic observation covered 1579 (10.83%) children and 443 (28.06%) out of them were re-examined. From all children, 1618 (11.1%) were transferred to curative preventive y organizations in place of residence because of detected pathology. According the results of functioning of the health center monthly the reports are generated to be send to the Health ministry of the Samara region by the way of the form 068/u.

The social aspect of the prevention of dental diseases in children

The social aspect of the prevention of dental diseases in children

ANALISIS TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU IBU DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT KECACINGAN PADA ANAK DI TK PANTI DEWI TANJUNG KALITIRTO BERBAH SLEMAN

ABSTRACTCases of diseases Worms in Indonesia are still the most common public health problems, with prevalence of 60% -90% depending on location, environmental sanitation and socio economic. The prevalence of worm disease in Indonesia in 2011 was 104 cases, in 2012 as many as 132 cases, 2013 as many as 126 cases and Year 2014 as many as 121 cases and in January-May Year 2015 with the number of cases as many as 44 cases. The purpose of this study to determine the level of knowledge and behavior of mothers in the effort of prevention of diseases Worm infestation in the Child of Kindergarten Panti Rini Tanjung Kalitirto Berbah Sleman Yogyakarta The method in this research is non experimental research with Quantitative approach. The design used in this research is Descriptive Analytic with an observational research design that is used to describe disease pattern and to measure the incidence of risk factors for disease (exposure) in one population as well as to know the association between disease incidence and risk factor. The result of the research shows that the knowledge and behavior of the mother in the effort of prevention of the worm disease in children in kindergarten Panti Dewi Tanjung Kalitirto Berbah in good category as many as 40 respondents (100%), and the potential occurrence of worms diseases at Kindergarten Panti Dewi Tanjung Kalitirto Berbah Sleman based in low . There is a significant correlation between the level of knowledge with the mother's behavior in the effort of prevention of infectious diseases in children at kindergarten Panti Dewi Tanjung Kalitirto Berbah Sleman.

A Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Parental Refusal or Delay in Childhood Vaccination

Background: Vaccination is considered to be one of the most successful achievements of public health intervention either in developed or developing countries. “Vaccine hesitancy” is described as anyone who is suspected of vaccination or who chooses to delay or refuse vaccination. Nowadays, parental refusal or delay of childhood vaccines is increasing. The studies show that 77% of parents polled are reported of having concerns about one or more childhood vaccinations. It became a concern for the increased occurrence of vaccine preventable diseases in children.
 Keywords: factors influencing, parental refusal or delay, childhood vaccination

NIGHT HEMODYNAMIC DISORDER RISK FACTORS AND MARKERS FOR PATIENT-SPECIFIC APPROACH TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION IN CHILDREN

Background: High mortality rates of cardiovascular disease request research revealing risk factors and early markers of cardiovascular dysfunction in children with chronic pathology.Objective: to reveal the risk factors and early markers of night hemodynamic disorders for the development of personalized cardiovascular disease prevention in children based on the results of the combined daily monitoring of arterial pressure, ECG examination, and analysis of night sleep. Patients and methods: Parents filled screeningquestionnaire of night sleep before the study onset. Combined monitoring and examination was performed in 232 children aged 6–17 with different blood pressure disorders using Astrocard НS E2bp (Russia) equipment in the outpatient setting.Results:24-hour BP monitoring identified arterial hypotension 3.8 times more often than routine ambulance method. 21% of children or every fifth child with hypotension had night hypertension associated with maximum (93%) pathology of ENT organs with nasal obstruction. Differentiation of investigated groups by night PP and DBP show these marks of hemodynamics to be really important at the early period of pathology development in children. 62% of children had QT interval with bad adaptation to RR-interval at night. In the group with high BMI we found 1.6 times more often children with height more than 85th percentile of the norm. These children had night diastolic hypotension 5 times more often, children with obesity didn’t have normal 24-hour BP dynamics, children with high BMI had longer QT-interval at night.Conclusions: We demonstrate the necessity of night sleep hemodynamics investigation in children for personalized cardiovascular disorder prevention. Children of early school age suffering from chronic ENT-pathology with nasal obstruction and/or high BMI, with high BMI, and with height ≥85th percentile of gender-age norm have risk of development of cardiovascular diseases.

Microbiological analysis of dental plaque in children with Down syndrome

Topical focus of modern dentistry is improving the prevention of dental diseases in children with Down syndrome. The goal of this work is to assess the species composition of the microflora of dental plaque in children with Down syndrome in comparison with conditionally healthy children. Materials and methods. In this work we have used the results of bacteriological research of clinical material of 10 children with Down syndrome and 15 conditionally healthy children. Swabs from cervical part of the teeth have been taken with the help of a sterile disposable tampon. Microbiological research has included a discharge of microorganisms, identification by morphological, cultural and biochemical properties of cultures. The research has been conducted on clinical strains of microorganisms discharged from dental plaque in children with Down syndrome and conditionally healthy children. The results. In the investigated material of children with Down syndrome, we have detected gram-positive microorganisms, such as Streptococcus spp with α-hemolytic activity, Bacillus spp and Candida fungi, as well as gram-negative bacteria: E. aerogenes , K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Neisseria spp ( Table 1 ). In the microflora of dental plaque, facultative anaerobic microorganisms have been discharged more often than aerobes. Conclusions. In control and main group, dental plaque microflora is more often presented by associations of bacteria and Candida fungi. The discharge rate of Streptococcus spp with α-hemolytic activity and Candida albicans is equal in both groups. Nonpathogenic Neisseria species have been presented in 9.1 % of strains in the main group, whereas in the control group there have been 35 % of strains. In children with Down syndrome we have detected gram-negative bacilli – enterobacteria with a density of microbial colonization of E. aerogenes Ig (4.66 ± 0.6) cfu/g, pseudomonads and gram-positive spore-forming bacilli – Ig (5.0 ± 0.0) cfu/g, which are representatives of the allochthonous (transitory, fickle) microflora of the oral cavity. Their long stay in the oral cavity prevents the effect of nonspecific protective factors, as well as antagonistic activity of autochthonous microflora. In case of some disorders of physiological state, representatives of allochthonous microflora can linger in the oral cavity, multiply and cause pathological processes.