Disclosure Of Secrets Research Articles

Secret disclosure and social relationships in groups

Personal secrets are a ubiquitous fact of group life, but the conditions under which they are revealed have not been explored. In five studies, we assessed secret disclosure in groups governed by four models of human sociality (Communal Sharing, Equality Matching, Authority Ranking, Market Pricing; Fiske). In Studies 1a and 1b, participants indicated their willingness to disclose secrets in hypothetical groups governed by the models. In Studies 2a and 2b, participants rated how much a group in which they disclosed secrets or nonsecrets is governed by the models. In Study 3, participants indicated their disclosure of various types of secrets in Communal Sharing and Equality Matching groups to which they belonged. Across studies, disclosure was most strongly associated with Communal Sharing, followed by Equality Matching. Study 3 further showed that identity fusion predicted disclosure in these two kinds of groups. Implications for understanding disclosure of personal secrets in group contexts were discussed.

The role of indirect external dialogue in the epic of zambilfirosh by feqiye teyran

Since ancient times, dialogue has had a great impact on human life, as it contributes to strengthening relationships, exchanging ideas, and revealing secrets between people. Its importance is evident in most literary genres, especially in artistic techniques, where its role appears in it. According to this hypothesis, the literary text is built on the indirect external dialogue, and it is one of the dominant and prevalent genres in the epic text. The study is based on the assumption that the external, indirect dialogue plays a major role in the embodiment of the characters and the sequence of events in the epic "Zimbelfrosh" by (Fakih Al-Tayran). The research attempted to find out: Was the indirect dialogue in Zimbilfrosh Faqi Airan the reason for expressing the intellectual and emotional attitude, as well as the natural, psychological, and social dimensions of the characters? And to what extent does the indirect dialogue contribute to the development of events and the disclosure of secrets? This study, titled "The Role of Indirect External Dialogue in the Epic of Zambilfirosh by Feqiye Teyran," is an effort to illustrate the role of indirect external dialogue in the epic of Zambilfirosh. In the beginning, this study briefly discusses the history, usefulness, and role of dialogue. It later, studies the indirect dialogue in Zambilfirosh of Feqiye Teyran. In this research, the descriptive analytical method has been applied.

Правовые вопросы защиты коммерческой тайны работодателя

В статье определены меры, принимаемые работодателем по охране информации, составляющей коммерческую тайну, условия отнесения информации к коммерческой тайне. Указаны действия, которые может предпринять работодатель для снижения внутренней угрозы от незаконного разглашения коммерческой тайны. Предложено предусмотреть в трудовом договоре с руководителем организации его обязанность по обеспечению охраны конфиденциальности, составляющей коммерческую тайну информации, обладателем которой являются организация и ее контрагенты, и ответственность за обеспечение охраны конфиденциальности этой информации. Автор утверждает, что условие трудового договора о неразглашении охраняемой законом тайны (государственной, служебной, профессиональной или коммерческой) должно относиться к числу обязательных при наличии таких видов тайн в организации, в случае если работник в установленном законом порядке допущен к соответствующей информации. Также предложено предусмотреть в Трудовом кодексе Республики Казахстан условие о неразглашении информации, составляющей коммерческую тайну, и после прекращения трудовых отношений, а также обязанность работника возместить работодателю ущерб в случае разглашения этой информации. Обоснована необходимость разработки комплекса правовых норм, в котором необходимо определить пределы договоренностей сторон и уровень компенсации для работника. Автор считает, что имущественные интересы обладателя прав на коммерческую тайну необходимо защищать в рамках трудового законодательства, а именно ввести элементы гражданско-правовой ответственности, а в случае разглашения коммерческой тайны после прекращения трудового договора — привлечь работника к гражданско-правовой ответственности и к возмещению убытков через суд.

Research on the Competition Law Risks and Regulation Brought by Generative Artificial Intelligence

The emergence of chatGPT signifies that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies for generating content will have a significant impact on people’s work and lifestyle. Nowadays, R&D of generative AI such as chatGPT has become the core domain in the latest wave of technological competition among nations, yet we must be aware that it may result in the disclosure of trade secrets, abuse of dominant market position and other market competition and monopoly risks. In order to regulate the advancement of generative artificial intelligence, it is imperative to refine the existing legislative framework and establish a novel regulatory architecture that involves the participation of the government, corporations, and end-users, to ensure both the free development of technology and its orderly compliance, and guard against the occurrence of malicious competition and market monopolies.

Online/Offline MA-CP-ABE with Cryptographic Reverse Firewalls for IoT

Devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) usually use cloud storage and cloud computing to save storage and computing cost. Therefore, the efficient realization of one-to-many communication of data on the premise of ensuring the security of cloud storage data is a challenge. Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) can not only protect the security of data in the cloud and achieve one-to-many communication but also achieve fine-grained access control for data. However, the single-authority CP-ABE faces the crisis of single point of failure. In order to improve security, the Multi-Authority CP-ABE (MA-CP-ABE) is adopted. Although there are provably-secure MA-CP-ABE schemes, Edward Snowden's research shows that provably-secure cryptographic schemes are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, resulting in secret disclosure, and thus threatening security. In addition, ABE requires huge computational overhead in key generation, encryption and decryption, which increase with the increase in the number of attributes and the complexity of the access structure, and there are a large number of resource-constrained devices in the IoT. To mitigate this issue, we construct the Online/Offline MA-CP-ABE with Cryptographic Reverse Firewalls (OO-MA-CP-ABE-CRFs) scheme. This scheme not only uses Cryptographic Reverse Firewall (CRF) to resist backdoor attacks but also uses online/offline key generation, online/offline encryption and outsourcing encryption technology to optimize the efficiency of the MA-CP-ABE scheme with reverse firewall, reducing the storage and computing cost of users. Finally, the security of the OO-MA-CP-ABE-CRFs scheme is proved, and the experimental results indicate that the scheme is efficient and practical.

The Effect of Concealing the Results of Laboratory Analyzes on the Rulings “Infertility as a Model” a Medical Jurisprudential Study


 
 
 
 ABSTRACT
 
 Laboratory analysis of blood and other body fluids plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, our research was under the title (The effect of concealing the results of laboratory analyzes on judgments of “sterility as a model” - a medical jurisprudential study-), and the medical analysis specialist currently occupies senior positions in clinical medical laboratories, .The medical laboratory specialist is a health professional with experience in medical laboratories and is responsible for Giving accurate and logical information for laboratory experiments and analyzes that help in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as monitoring the general condition of the patient. We can see the impact of the future of advanced medical tests and its role in diagnosing health problems such as cancer resulting from birth defects, infertility cases and other diseases. Infertility is one of the biggest problems facing couples, especially in our Arab society, which the husband strongly desires to have children as well as the wife. The research included an introduction, four sections, and a conclusion, as for the first topic: a historical overview of medical laboratories, the second: the definition and legitimacy of laboratory analyzes, and the third: the importance of laboratory analyzes, and concealment and disclosure of medical secrets, fourth: practical issues in the effect of concealing the results of laboratory analyzes in Judgments, then conclusion: it included the most important results that it reached.
 
 
 

Criminal protection of state secrets in Ukraine and EU countries

The aim of the study was to outline the differences between certain aspects of the system of state secrets protection in Ukraine and some countries of the European Union EU, which provides the basis for determining the directions of improvement of the national system of state secrets protection. The following general scientific methods were used in the article: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, analogy. As a result of the research, the following aspects of criminal protection of state secret in Ukraine and the EU countries identified for comparison were considered: definition of state secret, types of information classified as state secret, levels of secrecy, terms of classification, liability for disclosure of state secret. The methodological contribution of the study are the recommendations for the improvement of certain aspects of the system of state secrets protection in Ukraine. It is concluded that, the direction of future research should also be the disclosure of features and measures to optimize the procedure of security checks of persons having access to classified information.

ECCPWS: An ECC-based protocol for WBAN systems

The development of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) and Wearable Health Monitoring Systems (WHMS) play a key role in healthcare monitoring. WBAN includes medical sensors that monitor vital signs of patients, collect data and usually transmit them to medical servers via wireless channels. Therefore, the patient’s sensitive information sent over the channel can be vulnerable to various attacks. Hence, designing lightweight authentication security protocols for these systems with the lowest computational and communication costs has become a major challenge. Recently, Sowjanya et al. (2020) presented a lightweight authentication scheme for WHMS based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which provides optimal security features and low storage, communication and computational costs. In this paper, the security of their scheme is evaluated and passive insider secret disclosure and replay attacks against their scheme are presented. It is obvious that other attacks such as desynchronization attack and impersonation attack can be applied to this protocol by obtaining the secret value of network manager. The complexity of our proposed attacks is just one run of the protocol and their success probability equals to one. Finally, by remedying the Sowjanya et al. (2020) ’s protocol, a lightweight ECC-based authentication scheme called ECCPWS is proposed. Moreover, the proposed protocol’s security proof is performed via informal methods and also formally through Real-Or-Random (ROR) model, BAN logic, Scyther and AVISPA tools. The security verification results of ECCPWS show that the ECCPWS has complete security against various security vulnerabilities and attacks.

Law Enforcement Against Cybercrime in Online Activities

Indonesia, as a country based on law (rechtstaat), is not solely based on mere power (machtstaat), consequently that in the life of society, nation and state it is obligatory to comply with the will that has been regulated based on the applicable laws and regulations. One of the concepts in the theory of the welfare state is that the state has the responsibility to provide maximum health services to its citizens. Based on the provisions of Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, in Article 5 paragraph (1) that; Everyone has the same right in obtaining access to resources in the health sector. One of the health sectors is the hospital which is an important part in the health sector and plays a role in supporting the survival of the community to live a healthy and prosperous life. Hospital medical records are an important component in the implementation of hospital management activities. According to the provisions of the legislation, namely Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice Article 46 paragraphs (1) to (3) and Minister of Health Regulation No. 269 of 2008 concerning Medical Records and Medical Records, made by doctors who are included in the management of their responsibilities which are intended for the condition of the patient. For this reason, medical secrets are the obligation of every doctor to maintain them as required by legislation. The obligation to keep medical secrets concerns things that are obtained through disease examination procedures or by chance, which are carried out by doctors, including those related to the patient's health. The problems that can be raised from this research are; 1. How is the construction of laws and regulations in regulating medical secrets? and, 2. Why does the legality of the disclosure of medical secrets require legal reform through a progressive legal approach? Solving the problem is done through a juridical normative research approach. The results of his research, that medical records are facilities that contain information about patients' illnesses and treatments aimed at maintaining and improving a health service regulated by Law No. 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice and Minister of Health Regulation No. 269 of 2008 concerning Medical Records. Legal reform regarding the disclosure of medical secrets through a progressive legal approach, constructively hospitals are obliged to comply with these laws and if violated are threatened with administrative sanctions ranging from verbal warnings, written warnings to license revocation and criminal sanctions

Aggravating circumstances of the crime of disclosure of state secret

Aggravating circumstances of the crime of disclosure of state secret

Innovation as a strategic direction for increasing the economic efficiency of the agro-industrial complex

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the processes of innovatization and informatization of the agro-industrial complex. Critical review of publications of academic and business circles and identification of strategic directions of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex; formation of a statistical database and quantitative analysis of indicators of innovative development and digital maturity of the agro-industrial complex; identification of key milestones in the development of the agro-industrial complex in the context of ongoing digital reforms. In the process of writing a scientific article, general scientific (observation, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, the method of logical reasoning) and specifically scientific (static analysis, expert assessments, graphical method) methods of scientific cognition were used. The main directions of innovation and digitalization of the agro-industrial complex are: the development of precision agriculture, the formation of a network of smart farms and greenhouse complexes, the implementation of the federal program of technological cooperation of the agro-industrial complex and the IT sphere "Industrial FoodNet". The main obstacles to the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex are: the dominance of state financing of projects in the field of digital reform; lack of educational programs in the field of cooperation of the agroindustry and IT; insufficient dissemination of ideas and requirements of responsible business policy, expressed in the adoption and compliance with ESG principles; internal resistance of agribusiness management to deep reforms due to the fear of disclosure of trade secrets and the need for admission of partners from the IT sphere to sensitive economic information.

The notion of state secret in the context of the legal framework of the crime provided by art. 344 of the Criminal code of the Republic of Moldova

The constitutional provisions of the Republic of Moldova state that the right of the person to have access to any information of public interest cannot be limited, and the public authorities, according to their powers, are obliged to ensure the correct information of the citizens on public affairs and on issues of personal interest. Additionally, the provisions of the same article stipulate that the right to information must not prejudice measures to protect citizens or national security. The prevention and combating of crimes against public authorities, as well as acts threatening national security, as a result of the disclosure of state secrets, is of major importance, in the context of the new geopolitical situation. In the content of this article, some approaches were made regarding the etymology and notion of state secret, the degrees of secrecy, the principles and methods of assigning information to state secret, in accordance with the local legislation in force. At the same time, the provisions of foreign legislation with reference to the protection of classified information were studied, some additions to the normative framework in force in the field of state secret protection being proposed.

Cyber Intelligence and Influence: In Defense of “Cyber Manipulation Operations” to Parry Atrocities

AbstractIntelligence operations overwhelmingly focus on obtaining secrets (espionage) and the unauthorized disclosure of secrets by a public official in one political community to another (treason). It is generally understood that the principal responsibility of spies is to successfully procure secrets about the enemy. Yet, in this essay, I ask: Are spies and traitors ethically justified in using cyber operations not merely to acquire secrets (cyber espionage) but also to covertly manipulate or falsify information (cyber manipulation) to prevent atrocities? I suggest that using cyber manipulation operations to parry atrocities is pro tanto morally permissible and, on occasion, required.

THE OBJECTIVE ASPECT OF THE STATE SECRET DISCLOSURE OFFENCE

This article elucidates the objective aspect of the state secret disclosure offence, provided in art. 344 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, in the light of an extensive examination, both of the domestic specialized doctrine and of some foreign countries.

Improvement and Cryptanalysis of a Physically Unclonable Functions Based Authentication Scheme for Smart Grids

Authentication protocols are often used in smart grids to deliver the necessary level of security. A huge number of clients in such a system, however, provides the attacker with the ability to clone them, for example. Device fingerprints, or Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF), have been investigated as an authentication feature to thwart such attacks. In order to accomplish the necessary security in smart grid neighborhood area network communications and to prevent unwanted physical access to smart meters, a former study designed a lightweight authentication system in this way. The suggested protocol uses PUFs to reduce physical attacks. As a consequence, the server/meter impersonation attack is one of the many assaults that this protocol is thought to be secure against. On the other hand, it is generally acknowledged that no security solution should be trusted unless its security has been verified by independent researchers. As a result, this paper assesses the security of this protocol against a typical adversary who has access to or influences over the messages carried over the public channel. This study demonstrates that the attacker is simply capable of impersonating the server for the meter and vice versa. In addition, the suggested attacks desynchronize them, making the adversary the only one capable of interacting with the meter in the role of the legal server rather than the latter. Each of the proposed attacks is extremely effective, and their success probability is almost 1. Finally, a modification is suggested that successfully fixes the protocol’s security weaknesses. The security proof of the improved protocol has been done through the Scyther tool. The computational cost comparison shows that the overhead of the proposed protocol compared to the former scheme is 4.85%, while it withstands various attacks, including traceability, desynchronization, impersonation, man-in-the-middle, and secret disclosure attacks.

Cryptanalysis of Two Recent Ultra-Lightweight Authentication Protocols

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a critical part of many Internet of Things (IoT) systems, including Medical IoT (MIoT) for instance. On the other hand, the IoT devices’ numerous limitations (such as memory space, computing capability, and battery capacity) make it difficult to implement cost- and energy-efficient security solutions. As a result, several researchers attempted to address this problem, and several RFID-based security mechanisms for the MIoT and other constrained environments were proposed. In this vein, Wang et al. and Shariq et al. recently proposed CRUSAP and ESRAS ultra-lightweight authentication schemes. They demonstrated, both formally and informally, that their schemes meet the required security properties for RFID systems. In their proposed protocols, they have used a very lightweight operation called Cro(·) and Rank(·), respectively. However, in this paper, we show that those functions are not secure enough to provide the desired security. We show that Cro(·) is linear and reversible, and it is easy to obtain the secret values used in its calculation. Then, by exploiting the vulnerability of the Cro(·) function, we demonstrated that CRUSAP is vulnerable to secret disclosure attacks. The proposed attack has a success probability of "1" and is as simple as a CRUSAP protocol run. Other security attacks are obviously possible by obtaining the secret values of the tag and reader. In addition, we present a de-synchronization attack on the CRUSAP protocol. Furthermore, we provide a thorough examination of ESRAS and its Rank(·) function. We first present a de-synchronization attack that works for any desired Rank(·) function, including Shariq et al.’s proposed Rank(·) function. We also show that Rank(·) does not provide the desired confusion and diffusion that is claimed by the designers. Finally, we conduct a secret disclosure attack against ESRAS.

Research on Legal Regulation of Employees' Disclosure of Trade Secrets

Under the current high-quality development of business economy, there is a risk that trade secrets will be leaked by employees in a considerable number of industries. Due to the particularity of their own identity, the leakage of enterprise employees will often have a great negative impact, especially some employees who can have access to customer resources and core technologies, The trade secrets they hold have great potential risks for enterprises. In order to maintain the normal market competition order, it is necessary to think about the method of employees disclosing trade secrets from the perspective of legal regulation. This problem should be regul ated separately according to the object, which is divided into core employees, resigned employees and employees who "change jobs" and "set up their own portal". It can be considered to improve the legal regulation of employees' d isclosure of trade secrets by providing multi-party linkage, consultation between the two sides, clarifying the confidentiality obligation and the meaning of relevant concepts.

Analysis on the Related Practical Problems of Economic Compensation System of Competition Restriction

With the rapid development of economy, the competition among enterprises is increasingly intensified, and the flow of talents is difficult to avoid. In order to avoid the disclosure of trade secrets, more and more employers choose to sign non competition agreements with workers. Among them, economic compensation is an important part, but there are many problems in the current system of our country, such as: whether economic compensation is a necessary condition for the agreement to take effect; Whether the overdue compensation of the employer affects the effectiveness of the agreement; Whether the compensation standard can make up for the losses suffered by the workers. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. First, it is recognized that the agreement without economic compensation is effective; Secondly, workers are allowed to exercise the right of rescission in an implied way; Finally, enrich the standard of economic compensation according to the actual situation.

Protection of Information Constituting the Medical Secret in the Field of Application of «Artificial Intelligence» Technologies in Digital Medicine

Artificial intelligence technologies have found wide application in digital medicine, in particular, they are used to process information that makes up the medical secrecy of patients. This information refers to the big data information element. One of the key problems of the application of the legislation on medical secrecy is the problem of legality of disclosure of the confidential information. Thus, judicial practice ambiguously interprets the procedure for posthumous disclosure of medical secrets to certain categories of persons. There is no uniform approach to determining the minimum age for expressing consent to the disclosure of this information. The paper examines the problems associated with the disclosure of information constituting a medical secret. In particular, the author substantiates that consent to the disclosure of medical secrets is a civil transaction, the minimum age for expressing this consent is the age of acquiring full legal capacity (18 years). When writing the article, the current state of legislation, civil doctrine and law enforcement practice was taken into account.

AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CRIME OF DISCLOSURE OF THE SECRET OF STATE PROVIDED FOR IN ARTICLE 344 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Aggravating circumstances have been addressed in the content of the article as a result of the disclosure of ,,top secret" and "secret" information, which may affect social security relations, in terms of ensuring the proper functioning of national defense areas, economics, science, technology, foreign relations, etc., in the light of the legal provisions of par. (2) art. 344 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. In addition, the problem is described in determining the estimated sign of ,,serious consequences", as an aggravating circumstance of the crime of disclosure of state secret, provided in art. 344 Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova.