Disaster Management Strategies Research Articles

IoT Based Arduino-Powered Weather Monitoring System

Internet of Things (IoT) and Arduino-based Weather Monitoring System is a groundbreaking technology that has revolutionized the way we gather, examine, and utilize weather data. There is potential with this system to greatly improve our comprehension of weather patterns and offer valuable insights for various industries such as aviation, agriculture, and disaster management. One of the main advantages of this system is its ability to provide real-time data. Conventional weather monitoring systems gather data by hand, which is time-consuming and prone to errors. The IoT-based system, on the other hand, provides accurate and up-to-date information, allowing for better decision-making and planning. The system is also cost-effective compared to traditional weather monitoring methods. The use of low-cost sensors and the elimination of manual data collection reduce the overall cost of the system. This makes it accessible to a wider range of users, including small-scale farmers and local governments. There are several uses for the data that the Internet of Things-based Weather Monitoring System gathers. For example, farmers can use the information to make informed decisions about crop irrigation and pest control. Aviation and shipping industries can use the data to plan safe and efficient routes, while disaster management agencies can use it to prepare for extreme weather events. In addition to its practical applications, this system also has the potential to contribute to scientific research. The vast amount of data collected by the sensors can be used to study weather patterns and climate change. This can help scientists better understand and predict natural disasters, leading to more effective disaster management strategies. However, like any other technology, the IoT-based Weather Monitoring System also has its limitations. One of the main concerns is data security. As the system relies on wireless communication, there is a risk of data being intercepted or manipulated by unauthorized individuals. Proper security measures need to be implemented to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the data. Another challenge is the maintenance and calibration of the sensors. As these sensors are constantly exposed to harsh weather conditions, they may require regular maintenance and calibration to ensure accurate data collection. This can be a costly and time-consuming process, especially for large-scale weather monitoring systems.

Bihar urban flood 2019 and disaster management: A case study

The state of Bihar in India witnessed severe urban flooding in 2019, causing extensive damage to infrastructure, loss of life, and disruption to normal life. This work provides a summary of the urban flood event and explores disaster management strategies implemented to mitigate the impact of such disasters in the future. In terms of long-term disaster management, efforts were made to improve urban planning and infrastructure resilience. This involved the development of early warning systems, improved drainage systems, construction of flood-resistant structures, and mapping of flood-prone areas. Therefore, there is a need for sustained efforts in strengthening disaster response mechanisms, improving coordination among stakeholders, and implementing proactive measures to mitigate the impact of future urban flood events.

Primary care disaster management for extreme weather events, South Africa

Primary health care facilities are at the forefront of helping communities affected by natural disasters. However, such facilities are also vulnerable to the effects of extreme weather events triggered by climate change. The April 2022 floods in the south-eastern region of South Africa claimed the lives of over 400 people, the loss of 16 000 houses and resulted in major damage to infrastructure. Most damage was localised in the eThekwini area in KwaZulu-Natal, which is the country's third most populous city. This report describes the impact of the floods on primary health care facilities in eThekwini and their preparedness for extreme weather events.Contribution: Extreme weather events induced by climate change highlight the need for primary health care facilities to develop disaster management strategies that consider climate change.

Analysis of non-parametric trend and climatic parameter homogeneity tests in a data-scarce region: a spatio-temporal perspective in the Tawang River basin, Eastern Himalayas

This study is aimed at studying long–term historical and future (1950–2099) trends for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 on approximately 30-year timescale at annual and seasonal for precipitation and at annual, seasonal, monthly, and diurnal temperature ranges (DTR) for temperature maximum (T_max), temperature minimum (T_min) variations using statistical trend analysis techniques—Mann–Kendall test (MK) and Sen’s slope estimator (S) and the homogeneity test using Pettitt’s test. The study is carried out in three spatial points across the Tawang Chu in the district of Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh. The summer mean precipitation for RCP 4.5 (2006–2065) shows a positive trend with Z = 0.126 (2006–2035), Z = 0.205 (2036–2065) for point 1; Z = 0.080 (2006–2035), Z = 0.200 (2036–2065) at point 2 and Z = 0.048 (2006–2035), Z = 0.205 (2036–2065) at point 3, with a rise in precipitation between 1.56 and 9.94 mm in all the study points. The mean annual precipitation statistics for all the points show an increase for RCP 4.5 in 2006–2052 and 2053–2099 timescale. During the study, all points in both RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 display a uniform rise in mean annual T_min (Z = 0.260 to 0.738) and T_max (Z = 0.329 to 0.674). Still, the inter-decadal temperature statistical analysis shows that the increase in mean annual T_min is greater than the increase in T_max, indicating a decreasing trend in DTR. It is anticipated that this study’s outcomes will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between change in climate and the regional hydrological behaviour. It can benefit the society to develop a regional strategy for water resource management and can serve as a resource for climate impact research scope- assessments, adaptation, mitigation, and disaster management strategies for India’s north-eastern region.

Identifying developments in management and entrepreneurship training

Because of its potential to bridge the gap between theory and experience, education in entrepreneurship has become one of the most sought-after courses in management education. Due to the multidisciplinary character of the discipline, which is what makes it so interesting to study, research on the issue is still in its early stages, despite the fact that it is rather popular. The recent COVID-19 problem has made it essential for a digital revolution, and the purpose of this editorial piece is to emphasize the ways in which entrepreneurship education requires to alter as a result of this shift. It is suggested that it is important to include the viewpoint of entrepreneurship into educational processes, which brings attention to the varied nature of the field. These many theoretical foundations of entrepreneurial education are also underlined, and they imply a need to explore in novel ways about potential future pedagogical methods. Consequently, there is a need to think about new pedagogical techniques. This indicates that it is essential to place a strong emphasis on the research avenues that, in order to effectively combat the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, call for a greater degree of focus based on disaster management strategies. The essay presents a number of ideas that demonstrate there is worth in adding unique viewpoints that affect the nature of entrepreneurship education and the way it is regarded in society. These proposals make it obvious that there is benefit in bringing innovative perspectives.

A Study of Autonomous Small Satellite Constellations for Disaster Management and Deep Space Strategy

The complex and dynamic space environment is both exciting and challenging in this NewSpace era. In particular, Low-Earth Orbits are being realigned and reinvented for various purposes using suitable technological advancement. This paper is focused on the major parameters that can be analyzed to attain orbit control and autonomy of small-satellite constellations for real-time applications. By applying industry experience to graduate research, this work addresses the related concerns in a realistic manner. Currently, global small-satellite constellation solutions are too expensive and inaccessible for many nations to help in their data reception requirements. This issue was addressed, and some of the main aspects relating to low-cost and high-benefit technical synthesis, in addition to utilization for deep-space missions, were also discussed in detail. In conclusion, this paper demonstrated a strategic approach to optimize the coverage and performance, and reduce the cost of small-satellite constellations, compared with present day constellations, allowing the data to be relayed faster and with precision. This will benefit the industry in the development of low-cost constellations, and effectively assist in disaster management and deep-space communication relays. Autonomous orbit selection and navigation can be established for better path alignment for satellites to efficiently propagate and deliver the required data.

Assessing Disaster Management Infrastructure and Strategies in South Eastern Nigeria

Natural disasters have continued to attract attention due to increased human, economic and environmental consequences. The study assessed the effects of disasters and the effectiveness of the response infrastructure in communities of South Eastern Nigeria. The questionnaire survey, participatory research method and field measurements were used to generate data from purposively sampled locations in the region. The data were analysed using descriptive and analytical techniques. The result showed that flooding, landslide and windstorm ranked as the most common disasters affecting the area. These disasters have significantly resulted in food scarcity (food insecurity) and property loss, representing 26% and 25% of the study population. Furthermore, the study reveals several infrastructures as mitigation measures, including financial donations, reconstruction of damaged buildings, bridges, provisions of household materials, and food, among others. The One-way Analysis Variance (ANOVA) results showed a significant difference in the effectiveness of stakeholder involvement in natural disaster mitigation (F-value of 7.737, > the table value of 2.17 at a 0.05 level of significance). This analysis implies that the activities of government, communities, and donor agencies were rated differently in terms of their overall performances in infrastructure provision to disaster-affected areas and people. It was recommended that disaster management education, early warning signs and participatory disaster management response be practised in South Eastern Nigeria.

Spatio‐temporal drought susceptibility assessment of Ken River Basin, Central India, and its evaluation through river's morphometry

Regular monitoring of drought events, watershed characterization, management, and development efforts is crucial for future disaster predictions and mitigation strategies. The drought susceptibility investigation has been carried out in the Ken River Basin of Bundelkhand region, one of the most drought‐prone areas in India. Proxies used in the present study are long‐term climatological data (rainfall, standardized precipitation index, and aridity index), satellite data (slope, drainage density [DD], distance to river, and normalized difference vegetation index), lithology, lineament density, and groundwater depth. By the analytical hierarchy process, weightage of each factor is assigned according to its importance. Study shows that nearly 48% of the area of the basin experiences moderate to severe drought conditions. In the last five decades, there have been 22 years of extreme drought, with the most extended period being 1972–1974 and the driest year being 2006–2007. Sensitivity analysis reveals that lithology, slope, and DD are the most significant parameters in the susceptibility analysis. Model validation through an artificial neural network demonstrates the model's high accuracy (0.9) and sensitivity with minor errors. An integrated study of drought susceptibility and morphometry is useful for identifying the drought risk hotspots in the basin. The investigation will be helpful in river basin management and disaster management strategies.

ASSESSING COUNTY GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES ON DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

Disasters, both natural and manmade, have the potential to lead to significant human and economic losses at any time without warning. The rising emergencies such as fires, climate change resulting to floods, pandemic event and terrorist attack that rapid urbanization brings to Nakuru necessitated the current study. The main aim of the study was to assess the extent to which disaster management strategies have been deployed in Nakuru County. The specific objectives were to examine how hazard mitigation, disaster preparedness, disaster response and disaster recovery strategies have been applied to bring about community resilience among Nakuru County residents. The study used the descriptive survey. The target population consisted of those with disaster management roles employed at the county level comprising 456 employees where a sample of 138 employees was selected using stratified random sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Collected data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Percentages were used to describe the responses while inferential statistics involving correlation analysis, regression analysis and chi-square test were used. Correlation analysis showed positive relationship between improved disaster mitigation, disaster preparedness; disaster response and disaster recovery strategies on community resilience. The study recommended need for training, increased communication and coordination on a continuous basis with all the key stakeholders. Further research is needed to highlight how that coordination can be carried out.

Floof Disaster Management Strategy In Sidoarjo District Based On SWOT Analysis

This study aims to analyze and describe flood disaster management strategies in Sidoarjo Regency based on a SWOT analysis. The method used is descriptive qualitative, the technique of determining the informants used is purposive sampling. The types of data obtained are primary data and secondary data obtained through data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out using Milles and Huberman data analysis methods and SWOT analysis. The results of this study obtained the SO strategy the need for technology-based innovation specifically in flood disaster management. WO Strategy Cooperating with the private sector and academics in the development of infrastructure and apparatus in flood prevention. ST strategy the need for education programs to the public to be aware of disasters and participate in flood management and disaster studies and WT strategies The need for a coalition of actors including the government, private, community, and academic sectors in creating regulations related to flood management programs.

Designing teaching materials with disaster maps and evaluating its effectiveness for primary students

Abstract One of the most important parts of disaster management and disaster risk reduction strategies is the special vulnerability of children and the need to increase disaster awareness among them. It is very effective to design and develop awareness-raising tools suitable for children’s learning needs in this process. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to raising awareness of disasters among children in Turkey. With the study, risk maps for forest fire, landslide, flood, earthquake, and avalanche in Turkey were designed, and materials were developed by equipping them with disaster-themed texts. A questionnaire was applied to 165 students in the 10–11 age group with these interesting and entertaining materials. The results indicate that the study increased students’ ability to learn about disasters with maps by an average of 39%.

Natural Disaster and Migration Trends in Flood Prone Agricultural Areas of Indonesia

ObjectivesSudden onset severe natural disasters are more closely associated with climate related migration than slower onset disasters in Indonesia. This analysis examines whether severe flooding was related to migration in the five years prior to the 5th wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), and whether there were differences between agricultural versus non-agricultural households. MethodsWe present descriptive statistics of the subset of the population that reported having experienced natural disaster (3,183 (19%) households) in wave five of IFLS. Analysis is ongoing and will include statistical modelling. The main outcome is whether the household had moved. The independent variables are experienced a flood disaster that was severe, defined as causing death or injury, financial loss, or relocation, in the prior 5 years and whether the household owned land for farming. All analysis was conducted using Stata software. ResultsOverall, among disaster impacted households, 12.7% experienced a disaster that was severe enough to cause death or injury, financial loss, or relocation. Flooding was the most commonly reported disaster (45%), followed by volcano (17.6%) and earthquake (16%). Compared to those that migrated versus those that did not, 48.7% vs. 42.7% were affected by flood, respectively, and 19% vs. 36.4% owned land for farming. ConclusionsDelineating between a severe disasters and less severe disasters allows for more strategic disaster management strategies. In areas prone to severe disaster, adaptation policies aimed towards vulnerable farmers that own land may bolster response strategies. Funding SourcesNSF.

Risk perception of earthquakes: Modeling conception of willingness to pay and prospect theory

Natural disasters have greatly threatened people's lives and properties. In recent years, disaster management has become a key issue for the sustainable development of a society. In this regard, understanding how people perceive disasters is needed to formulate better disaster management strategies and enhance the resilience of the society. This research seeks to study risk perception and relevant attitudes, which are the fundamental factors of human behavior under the threat of disaster impact. A stated preference survey is conducted to investigate people's willingness to pay for earthquake risk reduction, where the effect of information is also the concern and incorporated in survey design. Thereupon, a multiple-bounded dichotomous choice model and an ordered probit model are estimated to quantify risk attitudes toward earthquakes as the monetary value. Results suggest that factors, such as higher socioeconomic status, more family members, and the residence aged above 40 years old, have positive effects on risk perception. In addition, presenting previous earthquake disaster damage information may increase individuals' risk perception. The prospect theory is employed in the study to establish a theoretical model to capture people's risk-seeking and/or risk-averse behavior, thereby more sophisticatedly reflecting the behavioral realism related to disaster preparedness. Based on the improved understanding of risk perception and relevant attitudes, the associated authorities may be able to develop solid resilience-enhancement programs and more effectively strengthen disaster response efficiency, thereby minimizing the damages and injuries caused by earthquakes.

About TREPSEA 2021

In the last half century, Asia has experienced the fastest economic growth and rapid increase of human prosperity, compared to other continents. However, ecological risks due to significant land use changes, global environmental change and climate change-related disasters have also occurred rapidly in Asia. The global deterioration of soils and landscape poses a significant threat to poverty reduction, sustainable food production, and climate change adaptation and mitigation. A recent study by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has estimated that the annual cost of land degradation due to “land use and cover change” (LUCC) and the use of land-degrading management practices on static crop and grazing land is about $300 billion. This does not include the costs related to deterioration of ecosystem services, which may increase the estimates significantly. However, global hunger also increases, reaching 815 million people in 2017, where about 2 billion people suffer from micronutrient-deficiencies.In Indonesia, agriculture grows at 3.87 percent per year, which is not very low, although it does not contribute much to poverty reduction and job creation in the country. The poverty level in September 2019 was 24.79 (9.22 percent of total population), where the majority (14.93 million or 12.60 percent) of them are living in rural area, and the rest 9.86 million (6.56 percent) are living in urban area. Income inequality in Indonesia is considered high, where the Gini coefficient generally has increased in the past decade or so, from 0.32 in 1998 to 0.38 in 2007, increasing to 0.41 in 2012 and started to decrease in recent years to 0.382 in September of 2019 (BPS, 15 January 2020). The hunger level in Indonesia has also decreased significantly from 44.1 million in 2004-2006 to 22.0 million in 2016-2018. Interestingly, the hunger level in urban area is 8.2 percent of total population, whereas that in rural area is 7.57 percent. The level of stunting among children has also decreased from 32.9 percent in 2013 to 29.9 percent in 2018, whereas the level of anemia among pregnant women has increased from 37.1 percent in 2013 to 48.9 percent in 2018.Higher ecological risks and more severe climate change-related disasters have more serious consequences on food and nutritional security in Indonesia and other parts of Asia. Hunger and malnutrition have multiple causes, and in facts many of these challenges transcend national borders. Thus, sustainable, integrated and trans-disciplinary innovative solutions to such problems require a more holistic approach in formulating the development strategies to diversify agricultural and food production, increase productivity, hence generating income and employment. Tran-disciplinary approach in mitigating and adapting the climate change related disaster are also required for more sustainable development strategies, coupled with better strategies for disaster risk reduction and management, workable and effective programs to sustainable development and environmental conservation, and better access to food and improved nutritional security.List of Objectives, Topics of TREPSEA 2021, TREPSEA 2021 Organizers, Supporting Organization / Institution, General Committee, Scientific Committee, Local Committee, Conference Secretariat are available in this pdf.

Evaluation of national disaster management strategy and planning for flood management and impact reduction in Gaborone, Botswana

Floods and droughts are the most common natural disasters that have and continue to result in huge economic losses and loss of life across southern Africa. Flood disasters come about due to intersection of flood waters with areas that are unprepared to deal with flooding, mostly due to poor physical planning and layout of developments and corresponding storm drainage networks especially in urban areas. With the case of Botswana, this is further exacerbated by ineffective disaster management strategies which are limited in providing comprehensive and proactive guidelines for mitigation and adaptive measures. Further, failure of the Botswana disaster management strategy is as a consequence of it being used as an all-purpose disaster management framework that does not recognize that different types of disasters have their individual unique challenges. This study, therefore, used the disaster management cycle to evaluate Botswana's generic national disaster management strategy and planning program in Gaborone. In evaluating the strategy, planning and policy, a mixed method approach was adopted at which key informant interviews were purposefully implemented with process evaluation through document review to identify and determine whether the strategies and plans meet intended goals following Risk Management Performance Index (RMI) criteria. Botswana's generic national disaster management strategy performed low when evaluated against the RMI. This low performance is mostly attributed to low technology uptake as use of technological advancements to respond to the changing dynamics of flood disasters are not assimilated into the current strategy, planning and policies which appear outdated. This, therefore, means the national management strategy, plan, and policy has reached their design life and thus should be replaced as a matter of urgency.

Post-Disaster Temporary Shelters Distribution after a Large-Scale Disaster: An Integrated Model

This paper develops an integrated model for the distribution of post-disaster temporary shelters after a large-scale disaster. The proposed model clusters impacted areas using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) method and then prioritizes the points of clusters by affecting factors on the route reliability using a permanent matrix. The model’s objectives are to minimize the maximum service time, maximize the route reliability and minimize the unmet demand. In the case of ground relief, the possibility of a breakdown in the vehicle is considered. Due to the disaster’s uncertain nature, the demands of impacted areas are considered in the form of fuzzy numbers, and then the equivalent crisp counterpart of the non-deterministic is made by Jimenez’s method. Since the developed model is multi-objective, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and Multi-Objective Firefly Algorithm (MOFA) are applied to find efficient solutions. The results confirm higher accuracy and lower computational time of the proposed MOFA. The findings of this study can contribute to the growing body of knowledge about disaster management strategies and have implications for critical decision-makers involved in post-disaster response projects. Furthermore, this study provides valuable information for national decision-makers in countries with limited experience with disasters and where the destructive consequences of disasters on the built environment are increasing.

Disaster Response in Italian Nursing Homes: A Qualitative Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Nursing homes (NHs) have been among the care settings most affected by both the virus itself and collateral damage through infection protection and control measures (IPC). However, there is a paucity of research regarding disaster response and preparedness of these institutions. The present study aimed to analyze disaster response and management and to develop prospective strategies for disaster management in NHs. A qualitative survey including (i) residents, (ii) nursing staff, (iii) relatives of residents, and (iv) NHs’ medical leads was performed. Data were collected by 45 in-depth interviews. Our results indicate that the shift from resident-centered care towards collective-protective approaches led through the suspending of established care principles to an emergency vacuum: implementable strategies were lacking and the subsequent development of temporary, immediate, and mostly suboptimal solutions by unprepared staff led to manifold organizational, medical, and ethical conflicts against the background of unclear legislation, changing protocols, and fear of legal consequences. IPC measures had long-lasting effects on the health and wellbeing of residents, relatives, and professionals. Without disaster preparedness protocols and support in decision-making during disasters, professionals in NHs are hardly able to cope with emergency situations.

Self-Efficacy and Emergency Preparedness in Indonesia

Purpose: Indonesia had the highest death toll in the world due to earthquakes and tsunami. In recent years, Indonesia has changed its disaster management strategy, from emergency response and preparedness to disaster management preparedness. This study aims to analyze the relationship of self-efficacy with the preparedness of nurses, IEDNA members, in dealing with natural disasters in Indonesia.
 Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The study population is a member of the Indonesian Emergency and Disaster Nurses Association (IEDNA). The sample was 107 nurses that sampled using random cluster sampling. The data were analyzed using Fisher's test with a significance level of 95%.
 Results: Out of 510, 107 nurses became respondents in the study. The gender of the majority of respondents was male (56.1%). As many as 46.7% of respondents were dominated by respondents aged 31-40 years, 34.6% of respondents worked in the Emergency Department. Most respondents (41.1%) had less than one year of experience as emergency nurses. The result of self-efficacy test was p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.05). The majority of emergency nurses (94%) in Indonesia have good self-efficacy in dealing with disasters, although some do not have experience in disaster management. This is because the emergency nurses in Indonesia are often attended disaster management training.
 Conclusion: This study concludes that the preparedness phase was good and there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and nurse preparedness in facing the disasters.

STRATEGI BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAERAH (BPBD) DALAM PENGURANGAN RISIKO BENCANA ALAM DI KABUPATEN BIMA


 
 
 The urgency of this research is to explain the strategy of the Disaster Management Agency in reducing disaster risk, reducing vulnerability, and increasing the capacity of the Government and Society in dealing with disasters in Bima Regency. As a leading sector in disaster management efforts, BPBD acts as a coordinator, facilitator, motivator, as well as implementing programs. The strategies implemented to reduce disaster risk in Bima Regency are strengthening institutional rules and institutions, integrated disaster management planning, implementing disaster education and research, capacity building, collaboration, and community participation, implementing disaster reduction strategies, and seeking to increase the effectiveness of disaster management. disaster emergency. From the various disaster management strategies above, the estuary is to seek integrated and collaborative disaster management as a new paradigm in more effective disaster risk reduction in Bima Regency.
 
 

Entrepreneurial Interventions for crisis management: Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic's impact on entrepreneurial ventures

This article investigates both the negative and positive impacts of a crisis on Entrepreneurial Ventures. The behaviour of Entrepreneurial Ventures during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis is studied by undertaking a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using Bibliometrics of 154 related publications. After analyzing the literature, the behaviour of Entrepreneurial Ventures during the crisis is synthesized and presented as a Phenomenon Structure Diagram, which highlights a combination of Entrepreneurial Actions (EAs) and Entrepreneurial Orientations (EOs), with Entrepreneurial Supports (ESs) employed by them to manage the crisis. This combination of EAs and EOs with ESs is contingent on the surrounding environment, and they aid in minimizing the risk of failure as well as leverage new opportunities. We propose and develop a conceptual model that a combination of EAs and EOs with ESs, referred to as Entrepreneurial Interventions, can better manage a crisis or disaster and improve organizational resilience. This multi-disciplinary study contributes towards theory development that Entrepreneurial Interventions can be made as a crisis and disaster management strategy.