Disaster Management Strategies Research Articles

An Investigation of the Influence of the Fall Line on Tornado Occurrence in the Southeast United States

Tornadoes, highly destructive natural phenomena, cause substantial damage and loss of life annually. This study investigates a peculiar trend: the clustering of tornadoes near the geological fall line in the Southeastern US, focusing on Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Utilizing geospatial analysis and NOAA data from 2012 onwards, the research examines the correlation between tornado occurrence and the fall line's position. The analysis reveals a noteworthy pattern: around 32.657% of tornadoes occurred within the fall line region (FLR), a proportion significantly higher than expected by chance (p-value = 0.0732). While the correlation is modest, it holds statistical significance. The study underscores the need for heightened vigilance, protection, and public education in FLR areas, particularly in socio-economically challenged zones such as the "Black Belt." Additionally, the paper proposes future research avenues, including expanding analysis to varied terrains and historical periods. The findings underscore the importance of considering geographical factors for accurate tornado risk assessment and preparedness. By enhancing our understanding of tornado patterns, this study contributes to fortifying vulnerable communities and refining disaster management strategies.

REALISASI PENANGANAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI INDONESIA MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs): TUJUAN-13.1.3

This article aims to know the realization of handling climate change in Indonesia through the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Goals-13.1.3 which focuses on implementing regional disaster management strategies in Indonesia in the 2017-2019 period. The method used in this research is a qualitative method and a literature review of various literature discussing handling climate change in Indonesia. The green theory perspective is used in analyzing the realization of Goals-13.1.3 in Indonesia. The research results show that the realization of handling climate change through the implementation of SDGs Goals-13.1.3 falls into the category of anthropocentric understanding and shallow environmental understanding; as well as placing greater emphasis on environmental sustainability by aligning people's consumption levels without excessive consumption; Regular environmental preservation and implementation of regional disaster management strategies will shape sustainable development in Indonesia

Adapting to climate change in char land: investigating community-led initiatives in Bangladesh

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to comprehensively examine the types of climate change, including its magnitudes, and impacts, and to assess the various community-led initiatives implemented in response to these challenges. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing structured face-to-face interviews to collect data from 196 household heads in two disaster-affected char land communities, namely Shibchar Upazila in Madaripur District and Zanjira Upazila in Shariatpur District, Bangladesh. The results unveiled the prevalence of frequent hazards such as river erosion, floods, cyclones, and thunderstorms, with river erosion being the most severe. Notably, a significant proportion of respondents (ranging from 80 to 95 percent) indicated that government, non-governmental organizations, and local communities had not adequately undertaken initiatives to address these issues. Furthermore, a noteworthy portion of participants expressed negative sentiments concerning current community affairs and the quality of services provided. The findings of this study hold valuable implications for policy-making, development initiatives, and disaster management strategies within char land communities.

EVALUATING THE ROLE OF BIG DATA IN U.S. DISASTER MITIGATION AND RESPONSE: A GEOLOGICAL AND BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE

Navigating the complex nexus of big data's application in U.S. disaster mitigation and response, this study embarks on an intellectual odyssey to unravel the dynamic interplay between geology and business. Set against the backdrop of an increasingly data-driven world, the research delves into the transformative potential of big data in revolutionizing disaster management paradigms.
 The expedition of this paper is twofold: to dissect the evolutionary trajectory of big data in the realm of disaster management and to illuminate its economic ramifications and theoretical underpinnings. The scope of this inquiry extends to a meticulous examination of the efficacy of big data in forecasting natural disasters, optimizing disaster response mechanisms and evaluating their economic and environmental impacts. Employing a methodological tapestry woven with qualitative analyses, the study meticulously synthesizes a spectrum of peer-reviewed literature. This scholarly pursuit unveils that big data stands as a beacon of innovation, significantly bolstering the precision of disaster predictions, streamlining response strategies and fortifying economic resilience. The fusion of geological acumen with strategic business insights emerges as a cornerstone in crafting adept disaster management strategies.
 The crescendo of this scholarly narrative underscores big data as a pivotal catalyst in the metamorphosis of disaster management strategies. The paper advocates for an embracement of big data by policymakers and disaster management aficionados, urging its integration for crafting more resilient, efficient, and sustainable disaster responses. The horizon of future research is marked by a quest to bridge existing gaps, with a clarion call for enhancing real-time disaster responses and predictive prowess. This scholarly discourse offers a prism through which the impact of big data in disaster management is not only understood but also harnessed, providing invaluable insights for academia, policy formulation and practical implementation.
 Keywords: Big Data, Disaster Management, Predictive Analytics, Geological Insights, Business Strategies, Disaster Resilience.

Reassessing Disaster and Emergency Management: A Child Rights Perspective

This paper delves into the critical yet often overlooked aspect of disaster and emergency management: the rights and needs of children. Recognizing that children form a vulnerable segment of society during disasters, this study seeks to evaluate how effectively their rights are being protected and implemented in such crises. Utilizing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child as a framework, the research examines key disasters like Hurricane Katrina (2005) and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami to assess advancements and gaps in child-centric disaster response. Our findings reveal that children's experiences and needs in disaster scenarios are complexly intertwined with socio-political and economic factors. Despite the ratification of child rights treaties by numerous countries, the actual execution of these rights in disaster situations varies significantly. The paper highlights that children's vulnerability is not just physical but extends to psychological and educational aspects, often exacerbated by inadequate disaster preparedness and response strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of education in mitigating the psychological impact of disasters on children. Post-Hurricane Katrina initiatives, for instance, have shown the effectiveness of educational programs in disaster preparedness. However, challenges in coordination among NGOs and government entities often lead to ineffective implementation of child-focused disaster management strategies. In conclusion, while strides have been made in recognizing and addressing children’s needs in disasters, much work remains. The paper calls for a more nuanced understanding of child vulnerability and advocates for comprehensive strategies that prioritize children's rights in disaster management.

Providing solutions for data scarcity in urban flood modeling through sensitivity analysis and DEM modifications

Abstract Developing countries face significant challenges in accessing sufficient and reliable hydro-meteorological data, hindering the implementation of effective disaster management strategies. This research proposes solutions for limitations on performing flood simulations through parameter sensitivity analysis and digital elevation model (DEM) modifications. The methodology provides alternatives to account for insufficient rainfall, roughness coefficient, infiltration data in simulating large-scale rainfall-runoff, and high-resolution DEMs incorporating road and building networks for urban flood modeling. By applying the method to an extreme flood event in the Marikina Basin, Philippines, a combination of ground-based and remotely retrieved rainfall data, roughness (n = 0.3861–0.5005), and infiltration parameters (Δθ = 0.326–0.505 and ψ = 0.4547–1.565) set at the maximum range were found to replicate the increase in the upstream water level. Simulations were able to accurately capture the flood propagation along the natural and artificial barriers in the urban area compared to untreated digital terrain and surface model (DTM and DSM) data, with root-mean-square error range improvements from 0–7.13 (DTM) and 0.29–4.20 (DSM) to 0–0.63 (modified DEM). The proposed methodology significantly improved the accuracy of the simulations, which is crucial for proposing adequate flood action plans, despite the lack of high-resolution data available for under-developed nations.

Research on the Evolution Network Model of the Landslide Disaster Chain: A Case Study of the Baige Landslide

In the context of Western China’s unique geography, recurrent landslide disasters pose substantial threats to both resident safety and economic stability. The escalating frequency of these incidents emphasizes the critical need for innovative disaster research, particularly focused on the concept of a disaster chain. This research aims to enhance disaster preparedness and management strategies with the ultimate goal of minimizing losses. On the basis of predecessors, this study changes the previous analysis forms of single or partial disaster events, innovatively collects all secondary disaster events derived from the landslide disaster chain, and builds an evolutionary network model. In concrete terms, our study concentrates on the Baige landslide within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, pinpointing sub-hazard events as crucial disaster nodes within the landslide. By establishing directed connections, we have developed a comprehensive landslide disaster chain evolution network model firmly grounded in the principles of disaster chain dynamics and complex network theory. This model encompasses 31 distinct disaster nodes and 77 connecting edges. To assess the inherent risks in the landslide catastrophe chain, we conducted a thorough analysis considering node access degree and clustering coefficients. Critical nodes driving economic losses, such as floods, debris flows, secondary landslides, and downstream water damage, were identified. Additionally, we isolated vulnerable connections within the evolving network, evaluating the susceptibility of each edge. Our research underscores the significance of proactive measures, including pre-disaster monitoring, early warning systems, and timely post-disaster information dissemination. Implementing these actions can play a pivotal role in mitigating the impact of landslide disasters, preserving lives and sustaining regional prosperity.

Disaster Management Strategies Before, During and in the Aftermath of a Nuclear Explosion

Disaster Management Strategies Before, During and in the Aftermath of a Nuclear Explosion

Digital Response to Physical Crises: The Role of an E-Health Platform in the 2023 Southern Turkey Earthquakes.

The catastrophic earthquakes that struck Southern Turkey in 2023 highlighted the pressing need for effective disaster management strategies. The unprecedented scale of the crisis tested the robustness of traditional healthcare responses and highlighted the potential of e-health solutions. Despite the deployment of Emergency Medical Teams, initial responders - primarily survivors of the earthquakes - faced an enormous challenge due to their lack of training in mass-casualty situations. An e-health platform was introduced to support these first responders, offering tools for drug calculations, case management guidelines, and a deep learning model for pediatric X-ray analysis. This commentary presents an analysis of the platform's use and contributes to the growing discourse on integrating digital health technologies in disaster response and management.

Sustainable flood hazard mapping with GLOF: A Google Earth Engine approach

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Google Earth Engine (GEE) in mapping floods and their aftermath, focusing on the recent event caused by cloud burst rainfall and glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) of Lhonak glacier lake in the Teesta River basin, North Sikkim. The objective is to utilize GEE, coupled with Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and Landsat 9 imagery, for precise remote sensing analysis, flood mapping, and Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classification. The study employs a comprehensive methodology within the GEE platform, involving the acquisition and preprocessing of Sentinel-1 SAR data to create pre- and post-flood images. The difference between these images is calculated to generate flood maps at five-day intervals, providing a temporal evolution of the flood extent. Additionally, LULC mapping is conducted using Landsat 9 data, contributing to an understanding of pre-flood landscape characteristics. The results and discussion reveal significant impacts on various LULC types, with barren rocks, dense and medium forests, settlements, and agricultural lands experiencing notable effects. This research not only enhances our understanding of GLOFs but also serves as a critical tool for informing disaster management strategies, emphasizing the importance of accurate hazard assessment and the need for holistic approaches to mitigate the cascading effects of such events.

Behind the floodwaters: Violence against women, and disaster management capacities in flood-affected areas of Pakistan

This study investigates the experiences of violence women faced during and after climate-induced migration in Pakistan, focusing on the context of floods. Through in-depth interviews, the study explores the specific forms of violence experienced by women, the underlying factors contributing to their vulnerability, their coping strategies employed in flood-affected areas, and the disaster management abilities of women in Pakistan. The findings of the study indicate that the economic hardships and poverty, displacement and gender disparities, overcrowded living conditions in relief camps, breakdown of law and order during disasters, and limited access to healthcare services stand out as noticeable reasons for gender-based violence. Key informants reported an increase in domestic violence incidence. However, women’s role as caretakers, their ability to livelihood diversification, and their knowledge of local conditions were among the dominant coping measures in the study area. Therefore, the study suggests implementing gender-sensitive disaster management strategies that prioritize women’s safety, access to resources, strengthening legal protections against gender-based violence, and promoting women’s leadership in disaster preparedness and response efforts.

Economic Effect of Flood Disaster and its Management Among Smallholder Farmers in Kebbi State

Increased frequency and intensity of natural hazards coupled with heavy reliance on rain fed agriculture has continue to have negative effect on the socioeconomic livelihood of smallholder farmers across the globe. Hence, this demonstrated the importance of governments’ policy responses in terms of mitigation and recovery to help in reducing flood damage and its social consequences. This study therefore assess the economic effect of flood disaster among smallholder farmer and their perception on flood disaster management in Kebbi state. Data were obtained from 110 affected smallholder farmers using multistage sampling technique and was analyzed through the use of descriptive and paired sample t-test. Findings of this research indicated that flood has a negative economic effect on smallholder farmers’ crop production and income, and flood disaster management strategies were perceived to moderately effective. Hence, this study recommends governments, and other stakeholders to facilitate cost-effective integrated flood management to avoid/reduce future economic losses

Reassessing Disaster and Emergency Management: A Child Rights Perspective

This paper delves into the critical yet often overlooked aspect of disaster and emergency management: the rights and needs of children. Recognizing that children form a vulnerable segment of society during disasters, this study seeks to evaluate how effectively their rights are being protected and implemented in such crises. Utilizing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child as a framework, the research examines key disasters like Hurricane Katrina (2005) and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami to assess advancements and gaps in child-centric disaster response. Our findings reveal that children's experiences and needs in disaster scenarios are complexly intertwined with socio-political and economic factors. Despite the ratification of child rights treaties by numerous countries, the actual execution of these rights in disaster situations varies significantly. The paper highlights that children's vulnerability is not just physical but extends to psychological and educational aspects, often exacerbated by inadequate disaster preparedness and response strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of education in mitigating the psychological impact of disasters on children. PostHurricane Katrina initiatives, for instance, have shown the effectiveness of educational programs in disaster preparedness. However, challenges in coordination among NGOs and government entities often lead to ineffective implementation of childfocused disaster management strategies. In conclusion, while strides have been made in recognizing and addressing children’s needs in disasters, much work remains. The paper calls for a more nuanced understanding of child vulnerability and advocates for comprehensive strategies that prioritize children's rights in disaster management.

The Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation in Indonesia During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Narrative Overview

This paper presents the results of literature reviews on disaster mitigation preparation during the Pandemic Covid-19 since 2019. Of the 780 articles selected 6 articles on this topic published in national and international journals between Mei 2019 and June 2021 were included in the review. These articles are written in different disaster contexts, including events related to weather (floods and storms), natural disasters (earthquakes and tsunamis), and other events (such as pandemics and terrorist attacks). The main themes that arise include lack of communication between stakeholders, media sensationalism, the importance of choosing the most effective marketing messages, lack of disaster management plans, image damage, and goal reputation, and changes in tourist behavior after a crisis and disaster. This review identifies ways to increase the speed and effectiveness of responses to disasters, the importance of marketing relationships with loyal customers, and the need to quickly improve the image of the goal. Suggestions for future research arising from this review include the urgent need to encourage tourism operators to be involved with crisis readiness and disaster management strategies and the importance of getting a better understanding of consumer responses to disaster events.

A Study on Establishing Procedures and Display Design for the Development of the Disaster Management System using Satellite Imagery

Recently, the escalating occurrence of disasters with abnormal characteristics poses challenges to disaster management. As a result, effective disaster management and response strategies have become crucial. In this study, the disaster management system using satellite imagery was developed and constructed as a dashboard. For this study, the National Disaster Management Information System (NDMS) of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) was analyzed. Crisis management activities were examined in accordance with the disaster phase of the crisis management standard manual. Relevant components from the integrated multisource data in NDMS were selected to enhance technology effectiveness. A disaster management officer's requirements were analyzed to improve user usability. Disaster response procedures using satellite imagery were derived by synthesizing this information. Based on these procedures, key elements and system procedures were established for system design and visualization, and the system display was presented. The technology was proactively developed for immediate implementation after establishing legal and institutional procedures. Utilizing satellite imagery in the disaster management system is expected to enhance prompt and efficient disaster management.

Persuasive communication model of the “Satuan Gugus Tugas” Pandemic (A case study of the “SATGAS COVID-19” in Yogyakarta)

The Yogyakarta government established the COVID-19 Task Force, involving various organizations, to effectively communicate with the public during the pandemic. Employing a persuasive communication model, the task force integrates the heart communication theory and utilizes techniques such as association, participation, and fear arousal. The study aims to identify this persuasive communication model's effectiveness for pandemic control. Utilizing a qualitative approach and case study methodology on the Yogyakarta COVID-19 Task Force, data collection involved interviews, observations, and documentation. The results reveal a hub-patterned organizational communication model, centered around the head of the COVID-19 Task Force, facilitating coordination. Techniques like association, participation, and fear arousal are applied to persuade the public to adhere to health protocols. Additionally, the task force incorporates the heart communication theory among field teams to manage emotions, fostering sympathy and empathy for disaster-affected populations. This approach ensures cautious communication to prevent conflicts within the community, contributing valuable insights for future disaster management strategies. This article contributes a tailored persuasive communication model for the COVID-19 Task Force, offering practical insights into effective strategies, emotional intelligence integration, and organizational communication. The focus on Yogyakarta's local context enhances the relevance of the findings, serving as a valuable resource for policymakers and disaster management teams in shaping future communication strategies.

Enhancing disaster management in smart cities through MCDM-AHP analysis amid 21st century challenges

In the era of rapid urbanization and technological progress, smart cities offer a promising solution to multifaceted global challenges, leveraging advanced technologies to optimize resources and enhance the quality of life; however, this interconnectedness also exposes them to novel vulnerabilities, particularly in the face of natural and man-made disasters, necessitating inventive strategies to ensure resilience against cyber threats and extreme weather events. This article delves into the exploration of smart cities’ diverse aspects and the categories of disasters they face, followed by an analysis of strategic mitigation approaches and their underlying criteria; it subsequently introduces the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methodology, particularly Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), as a robust tool for systematic evaluation and prioritization of disaster management strategies in the increasingly complex landscape. The study’s analysis of relative weights underscores the pivotal role of resilience enhancement and communication redundancy as primary considerations in evaluating disaster management strategies for smart cities, while other criteria such as accuracy and timeliness, scaleability and adaptability, cost-effectiveness, ethical and privacy considerations, and training and skill requirements assume varying degrees of importance in supporting roles, providing valuable insights into the decision-making process. The assessment of alternative strategies highlights their prioritization in effective disaster management for smart cities, with notable emphasis on citizen engagement and education, early warning systems, and data analytics; further strategies such as integrated communication systems, resilient infrastructure design, drones and robotics, artificial intelligence algorithms, and IoT-enabled sensors and monitoring exhibit varying degrees of significance, offering insights into their roles and potential contributions to disaster management strategies based on their weighted sums. This research has practical significance, guiding stakeholders like urban planners, policymakers, and disaster management professionals to enhance smart city resilience and prioritize strategies based on critical factors, ultimately enabling effective disaster management in smart cities amid 21st-century challenges.

Development and Deployment of a Virtual Water Gauge System Utilizing the ResNet-50 Convolutional Neural Network for Real-Time River Water Level Monitoring: A Case Study of the Keelung River in Taiwan

Climate change has exacerbated severe rainfall events, leading to rapid and unpredictable fluctuations in river water levels. This environment necessitates the development of real-time, automated systems for water level detection. Due to degradation, traditional methods relying on physical river gauges are becoming progressively unreliable. This paper presents an innovative methodology that leverages ResNet-50, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, to identify distinct water level features in Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) river imagery of the Chengmei Bridge on the Keelung River in Neihu District, Taiwan, under various weather conditions. This methodology creates a virtual water gauge system for the precise and timely detection of water levels, thereby eliminating the need for dependable physical gauges. Our study utilized image data from 1 March 2022 to 28 February 2023. This river, crucial to the ecosystems and economies of numerous cities, could instigate a range of consequences due to rapid increases in water levels. The proposed system integrates grid-based methods with infrastructure like CCTV cameras and Raspberry Pi devices for data processing. This integration facilitates real-time water level monitoring, even without physical gauges, thus reducing deployment costs. Preliminary results indicate an accuracy range of 83.6% to 96%, with clear days providing the highest accuracy and heavy rainfall the lowest. Future work will refine the model to boost accuracy during rainy conditions. This research introduces a promising real-time river water level monitoring solution, significantly contributing to flood control and disaster management strategies.

Response and Recovery Strategies for Disaster Management: a case of National Archives of Nigeria, Ibadan

The National Archives of Nigeria as a custodian of the nation's cultural heritage needs adequate management strategies to mitigate the effects of disasters. This study investigates response and recovery strategies deployed towards disaster management at the National Archives of Nigeria, Ibadan. The study is survey-based, using a qualitative method of data collection to provide answers to two research questions. Convenience sampling method was used to select a sample size of twentyone respondents from a total of thirty personnel at the National Archives of Nigeria, Ibadan. Face-toface semi-structured interviews were employed for data collection. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using NVIVO version 12. Findings revealed that there were no disaster response teams to tackle the occurrence of disasters and that collaboration with other safety agencies was minimal. The study recommends that the Federal Government of Nigeria should show greater commitment to preserving the cultural heritage of the nation by implementing revitalisation of projects that will enable it to achieve its purpose and transform the National Archives of Nigeria, Ibadan to world standard. Keywords: Archives, disaster recovery, disaster management, disaster response, Ibadan, Nigeria, record digitisation Aims Research Journal Reference Format: Ogunsola Kemi & Rufai Bolanle Rukayat (2023): Response and Recovery Strategies for Disaster Management: a case of National Archives of Nigeria, Ibadan. Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientific Research Journal Vol. 9. No. 4. Pp 1-18. www.isteams.net/aimsjournal. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/V9N4P1

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Disaster Response in India: Identifying Areas for Improvement

Considering the large geographical landmass of India along with cultural diversity, an exercise to understand issues impacting disaster response apparatus in India is very necessary. Listing out these issues and understanding the root cause of these issues, disasters, both natural and man-made, have been a recurrent phenomenon in India. The country has been experiencing floods, earthquakes, cyclones and other disasters for years and each event has posed new challenges and issues to the Nation’s disaster response system. Even though India has made strides in the management of natural disasters, there are still many substantial obstacles and problems that need to be resolved. One of the main challenges is the lack of coordination and communication between different agencies involved in disaster response. There is a pressing need for a disaster management strategy that is more integrated and combines all stakeholders and leverages technology to improve communication and coordination. Another challenge is the limited availability of resources and funding for disaster response. Many people are not aware of the risks they face and are not prepared to respond to emergencies. To enhance preparedness and reaction times, there is a pressing need for more education and awareness initiatives. The present study is primarily focused on finding out the response available within the system and its impact. suggestions, if any to improvise the system.